Environmental Impact of Different Types of Intersections in Urban Areas

There is concern over the environmental impact of charcoal use for cooking in urban areas; however, studies have mainly been limited to Africa and South Asia. This investigation aimed to evaluate woodfuel consumption rates and patterns in an urban area in Yedashe Township, Myanmar and compared them with results from a rural area in the same township. From interviews with 66 urban households, it was evident that firewood and charcoal consumption rates in the urban area were about one-third and one-fourth, respectively, of those in the rural area. These low consumption rates were because of multiple-fuel use (mainly woodfuel and electricity) in the urban area in contrast to single-fuel use in the rural area. We estimated the forest area required to meet woodfuel demand of the whole township to be 3738 ha; that could decrease by almost 40% (1592 ha) if the single-fuel use in the rural area switched to the multiple-fuel methods used in the urban area. This study confirms that urbanization with an “energy stack” in multiple-fuel use, rather than an “energy ladder” from firewood to charcoal, could largely reduce the environmental impact on forests.

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Deceleration of sliding motorcycles (mainly scooters) in accident reconstructions

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1177/0954407017711536 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 232 (7) ◽

pp. 866-876 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlo Cialdai ◽

Dario Vangi ◽

Antonio Virga

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Test Session ◽

Road Accidents ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Different Types ◽

Energy Dissipated ◽

Comparison Of The Results ◽

Two Wheeler ◽

The Impact ◽

Good Agreement

This paper presents an analysis of the situation in which a two-wheeler (i.e. a motorcycle, where the term motorcycles includes scooters) falls over to the side and then successively slides; this typically occurs in road accidents involving this type of vehicle. Knowing the deceleration rate of the sliding phase allows the kinetic energy dissipated and the speed of the motorcycle just before the fall to the ground to be calculated. These parameters are very important in the analysis and reconstruction of accidents. The work presented in this paper was developed in two experimental test sessions on fully faired motorcycles which are mainly of the scooter type and widely used in urban areas. In the first session, sliding tests were carried out, with the speed in the range 10–50 km/h, on three different types of road surface. Analysis of the evidence allowed the dissipative main phases of motion of the motorcycle (the impact with the ground, the rebounds and the stabilized swiping) to be identified and some factors affecting the phenomenon to be studied. The coefficient of average deceleration was calculated using two typical equations. The second test session consisted of drag tests. In these tests, the motorcycle, which had previously laid on its side, was dragged for a few metres at a constant speed of about 20 km/h, while the drag force was measured. A comparison of the results obtained in these tests with those obtained in the sliding tests yielded very good agreement in the coefficients of deceleration.

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How many species of cladocerans (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) are found in Brazilian Federal District?

Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia ◽

10.1590/s2179-975x2013005000008 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 351-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Francisco Diogo Rocha Sousa ◽

Lourdes Maria Abdu Elmoor-Loureiro

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Aquatic Vegetation ◽

Federal District ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Different Types ◽

Local Extinctions ◽

Richness Estimators ◽

Selection Of

AIM: This study aimed provides a checklist of cladocerans and also an evaluation of richness and species composition in the Federal District, Brazil. METHODS: Checklist of cladocerans was obtained evaluating data from the literature, from taxonomic collection (Elmoor-Loureiro's collection) and from fauna surveys conducted over more than three decades in different types of aquatic environments. RESULTS: The 57 water bodies studied showed 56 species, of which 14 are new records. The number of species contained in the list displayed corresponds to 85% of what was expected for richness estimators. The highest number of species was observed in the lentic water bodies (52), which also presented the specific composition of fauna (R = 0.110; p = 0.016), possibly because there were samples taken among the aquatic vegetation. According to our understanding, some species may be subject to local extinctions because they inhabit water bodies located exclusively in urban areas, which can lead to a decline in richness. CONCLUSION: Thus, the results of this study can assist in monitoring aquatic environments and in selection of new areas for surveys of cladocerans in the Federal District.

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Growth and Productivity Analysis of Micro Finance Sector: A Case Study of Pakistan

Global Social Sciences Review ◽

10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-iii).10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol IV (III) ◽

pp. 71-79

Author(s):

Adnan Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Ilyas ◽

Muhammad Nisar Khan

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Growth Strategy ◽

Productivity Analysis ◽

Growth Strategies ◽

Physical Infrastructure ◽

Different Types ◽

The Government ◽

Efficiency And Productivity

This study reviews the growth strategies and their effect on the efficiency and productivity of the microfinance sector of Pakistan. The sector needs to have adopted intensive growth strategy instead of extensive strategies of wide expansion in term of physical infrastructure and human resources, which had increased the financial sustainability risks for the credit constrain institutions. The sixdimension model of outreach used in this study also shows that the sector does not achieve the targets set forth for these micro finance institutes with respect to its active borrowers’ outreach. The sector has mainly focused the big cities and urban areas whereas the poverty levels are higher in rural areas. The government has also shown its interest by launching two different types of loan schemes. Among the three different types of institution, the microfinance banks dominate the sector.

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Violence against Elderly Migrants and Its Consequences on Their Health: Experience from Monterrey, Mexico

Social Change Review ◽

10.1515/scr-2015-0004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 161-183

Author(s):

Arun Kumar Acharya

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

Elderly People ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Economic Opportunity ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Mexican Migrants ◽

Different Types ◽

Elderly Migrants ◽

The City

AbstractIn this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse how the violence and abuse against elderly migrants in Monterrey, Mexico affects their health. For this research, 257 elderly Mexican migrants were surveyed in the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey during 2012 through 2013. The study found that the majority of elderly people migrate to urban areas in search of a better economic opportunity. Once in the city, they are absorbed into the informal economic sectors. Results indicate that most of these elderly people suffer physical, sexual and psychological violence, as well as neglect and financial abuse from their employer, relatives, clients and pedestrians, which has an adverse effect on their health. Elderly migrants reported numerous health problems, where many of them were suffering from different types of injuries, stress and depression, among others. This paper concluded that violence suffered by elderly migrants has a significant impact on their health.

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20 Minutes Suisse Romande : géographie économique d’un média helvétique et lémanique

Studies in Communication Sciences ◽

10.24434/j.scoms.2017.01.009 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christian Lamour

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Spatial Representation ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Cultural Identities ◽

Daily Newspapers ◽

Urban Regions ◽

The Past ◽

Different Types ◽

French Speaking

The spatial representation by media is based on a series of material and ideational conditions structuring the journalistic profession and its public on a daily basis. Media are also actors taking part into the production of territories by mediatizing a “here” and “there” in which different types of news, institutional powers and cultural identities are portrayed. They are organized by a sum of geographical borders that they reproduce or cause to evolve. Over the past 20 years, media have accompanied the growth of western metropolises : The free daily newspapers circulated in large urban areas cutting across the mosaic of inherited institutional territories. However, does this necessarily mean that this press is able to overcome the territorial borders of the past ? The research based on the analysis of 20 Minutes Switzerland aimed at the French-speaking community shows that this medium is both included in bordered territories at the scale of cantons, regions and countries and also in an urban and transitional border space reorganizing these areas. Free dailies can be considered as a medium embedded in historically fragmented territories and the large urban regions of today. Les médias définissent une représentation de l’espace qui repose sur une somme de conditions matérielles et idéelles structurant au quotidien la sphère journalistique et son public. Par ailleurs, ils sont des acteurs de la production territoriale en médiatisant un « ici » et un « ailleurs » où s’organisent une actualité différente, des pouvoirs institutionnels dissemblables et des identités culturelles séparées. Les médias sont organisés par une somme de frontières géographiques qu’ils participent à reproduire ou à faire évoluer. Au cours des 20 dernières années, un média à accompagner l’essor des métropoles occidentales : les quotidiens d’information gratuits diffusés dans des régions urbaines chevauchant la mosaïque des territoires institutionnels hérités. Cela signifie-t-il pour autant que cette presse est en mesure de s’émanciper des frontières territoriales du passé˚? La recherche effectuée à partir du journal 20 Minutes Romandie montre que ce média s’inscrit, à la fois, dans des territoires clos de niveau confédéral, régional et cantonal, et dans une région urbaine frontalière transitionnelle rassemblant ces aires. La presse gratuite est un média situé dans la mosaïque territoriale du passé et dans les grandes régions urbaines d’aujourd’hui.

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Land Cover Change: Does it affect temperature variability?

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9000 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aristoklis Lagos ◽

Stavroula Sigourou ◽

Panayiotis Dimitriadis ◽

Theano Iliopoulou ◽

Demetris Koutsoyiannis

Keyword(s):

Land Cover ◽

Land Cover Change ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Temperature Increase ◽

Temperature Variability ◽

Land Cover Changes ◽

The Earth ◽

Different Types ◽

General Dynamics ◽

Global Datasets

<p>Changes in the land cover occur all the time at the surface of the Earth both naturally and anthropogenically. In the last decades, certain types of land cover change, including urbanization, have been correlated to local temperature increase, but the general dynamics of this relationship are still not well understood. This work examines whether land cover is a parameter affecting temperature increase by employing global datasets of land cover change, i.e. the Historical Land-Cover Change Global Dataset, and daily temperature from the NOAA database. We thoroughly investigate the temperature variability and its possible correlation to the different types of land-cover changes. A comparison is specifically made between the rate of temperature increase measured in urban areas, and the same rate measured in nearby non-urban areas.</p>

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The challenges facing the feed industry.

10.1079/9781789245929.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Angela Booth ◽

Helen Masey O'Neill ◽

Liz Quigley

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Product Safety ◽

Production Costs ◽

Feed Formulation ◽

Feed Industry ◽

Different Types ◽

The Uk

Abstract This chapter describes the characteristics of the UK feed industry, including performance and efficiency, environmental impact of different types and quantities of nutrients, health and welfare, feed formulation, product safety, legislation, production costs, marketing and continuous improvements.

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Persistency of Chlorpyrifos and Termiban (Imidacloprid) in soil against subterranean termites

Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research ◽

10.4081/jear.2018.7735 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

Author(s):

B. Hassan ◽

S. Ahmed ◽

M.A. Ejaz

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Subterranean Termites ◽

Time Interval ◽

Treated Soil ◽

Different Types

Subterranean termites are considered to be one of the most destructive termites in urban areas in Pakistan. Different types of insecticides have been used to control subterranean termites. The present studies were conducted to evaluate the comparative persistency and effectiveness of Termiban (imidacloprid 5 SC) and Chlorpyrifos (40 EC) against subterranean termites in the three type of soils (sand, silt and clay) at different time interval. Two different concentrations (100 and 200 ppm) of selected insecticides were prepared and applied to soil in petri plates and termite were released at different time interval to record mortality. Results showed that at each time interval and concentration, mortality of termite was non-significantly different for both insecticides. When persistency of insecticides was tested under closed condition, results showed that lowest weight loss (8.60%) of wood was observed in Termiban treated soil at 200 ppm which was significant different from rest of the treatments. Similarly, under open conditions, at each time interval, there was significant more mortality of termites in soil treated with Termiban compared to Chlorpyrifos.

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