Laboratory models of anxiety

2002 ◽  
pp. 249-286
Author(s):  
Gérard Emilien ◽  
Timothy Dinan ◽  
Ulla Marjatta Lepola ◽  
Cécile Durlach
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Models

scholarly journals Untapped research opportunities in China: promising future avenues and potential concerns for aging companion animals

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Hoffman ◽  
Shanshan Song ◽  
Katharina Brugger ◽  
Teresa G. Valencak
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Agricultural Animal ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Laboratory Models

AbstractCompanion animals have recently been proposed as ideal translational models of human aging due to their shared susceptibility for certain diseases, similar environments, and sophisticated veterinary medicine diagnostics, all of which are not possible in rodent laboratory models. Here, we introduce and propose the study of companion animals in China as a largely untapped resource in academic and veterinary aging research. Pet ownership rates along with economic gains in the pet industry have skyrocketed over the last decade in China. Yet, the majority of research institutions still focus on agricultural animal research, not companion animals. In this perspective, we compare available pet ownership rates between the USA, the European Union, and China before focusing on the potential of companion animal aging research in China. In addition, we highlight some ethical considerations that must be addressed before large-scale companion animal aging research can be completed.

Computational and experimental investigation of scour past laboratory models of stream restoration rock structures

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 191-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khosronejad ◽  
Craig Hill ◽  
Seokkoo Kang ◽  
Fotis Sotiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Stream Restoration ◽  
Laboratory Models

Dog Models of Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Ruple ◽  
Evan MacLean ◽  
Noah Snyder-Mackler ◽  
Kate E. Creevy ◽  
Daniel Promislow
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Companion Dogs ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Laboratory Models ◽  
Unique Potential

As the most phenotypically diverse mammalian species that shares human environments and access to sophisticated healthcare, domestic dogs have unique potential to inform our understanding of the determinants of aging. Here we outline key concepts in the study of aging and illustrate the value of research with dogs, which can improve dog health and support translational discoveries. We consider similarities and differences in aging and age-related diseases in dogs and humans and summarize key advances in our understanding of genetic and environmental risk factors for morbidity and mortality in dogs. We address health outcomes ranging from cancer to cognitive function and highlight emerging research opportunities from large-scale cohort studies in companion dogs. We conclude that studying aging in dogs could overcome many limitations of laboratory models, most notably, the ability to assess how aging-associated pathways influence aging in real-world environments similar to those experienced by humans. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Validation of a Wireless Sensor System for the Estimation of Cumulative Lumbar Loads in Occupational Settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-494
Author(s):  
Ivan Nail-Ulloa ◽  
Sean Gallagher ◽  
Rong Huangfu ◽  
Dania Bani-Hani ◽  
Nathan Pool
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Close Correspondence ◽  
Manual Lifting ◽  
Moment Estimates ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Optical Motion Capture ◽  
Occupational Settings ◽  
Laboratory Models

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of 3D L5/S1 moment estimates from a wearable inertial motioncapture system during manual lifting tasks. Reference L5/S1 moments were calculated using inversedynamics bottom-up and top-down laboratory models, based on the data from a measurement systemcomprising optical motion capture and force plates. Nine groups of four subjects performed tasks consistingof lifting and lowering 10 lbs. load with three different heights and asymmetry angles. As a measure ofsystem performance, the root means square errors and absolute peak errors between models werecompared. Also, repeated measures analyses of variance were calculated comparing the means and theabsolute peaks of the estimated moments. The results suggest that most of the estimates obtained from thewireless sensor system are in close correspondence when comparing the means, and more variability isobserved when comparing peak values to other models calculating estimates of L5/S1 moments.

Resveratrol and cardiac fibrosis prevention and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinaz Zivarpour ◽  
Željko Reiner ◽  
Jamal Hallajzadeh ◽  
Liaosadat Mirsafaei
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Laboratory Models

: Cardiovascular diseases are some of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developed or developing countries but in developed countries as well. Cardiac fibrosis is one of the most often pathological changes of heart tissues. It occurs as a result of extracellular matrix proteins accumulation at myocardia. Cardiac fibrosis results in impaired cardiac systolic and diastolic functions and is associated with other effects. Therapies with medicines have not been sufficiently successful in treating chronic diseases such as CVD. Therefore, the interest for therapeutic potential of natural compounds and medicinal plants has increased. Plants such as grapes, berries and peanuts contain a polyphenolic compound called "resveratrol" which has been reported to have various therapeutic properties for a variety of diseases. Studies on laboratory models that show that resveratrol has beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, high blood pressure cardiomyopathy, thrombosis, cardiac fibrosis, and atherosclerosis. In vitro animal models using resveratrol indicated protective effects on the heart by neutralizing reactive oxygen species, preventing inflammation, increasing neoangiogenesis, dilating blood vessels, suppressing apoptosis and delaying atherosclerosis. In this review, we are presenting experimental and clinical results of studies concerning resveratrol effects on cardiac fibrosis as a CVD outcome in humans.

A single-group trial of end-stage patients with anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis: Levamisole in combination with Glucantime in field and laboratory models

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Bamorovat ◽  
Iraj Sharifi ◽  
Alireza Fekri ◽  
Alireza Keyhani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Single Group ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Laboratory Models ◽  
Group Trial

Stress protein induction in skeletal muscle: comparison of laboratory models to naturally occurring hypertrophy

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 598-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Kilgore ◽  
B. F. Timson ◽  
D. K. Saunders ◽  
R. R. Kraemer ◽  
R. D. Klemm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
Disuse Atrophy ◽  
Migratory Flight ◽  
Muscle Work ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Laboratory Models

The purpose of the study was to compare stress protein [heat shock protein (HSP) 72] response in laboratory models of hypertrophy to naturally occurring work-induced hypertrophy. Two laboratory models of hypertrophy inducement, namely, compensatory hypertrophy and stretch hypertrophy, were compared with hypertrophy resulting from migratory flight in the blue-winged teal. We hypothesized that HSP 72 would be expressed more strongly in hypertrophied muscle than in control muscle. Furthermore, we hypothesized that changes occurring in laboratory models would also occur in work-induced enlargement. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analyses were used to assess HSP 72 levels in control and hypertrophied muscle. Laboratory models elicited similar responses, with increased HSP 72 content in hypertrophied muscle. Work-induced hypertrophy or disuse atrophy did not change the degree of HSP 72 expression in the blue-winged teal. The presence of HSP 72 in these conditions may indicate that stressors eliciting changes in muscle protein expression, including the loss of muscle mass, may elicit HSP 72 synthesis.

The heart works against gravity

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (4) ◽  
pp. R715-R720 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Seymour ◽  
A. R. Hargens ◽  
T. J. Pedley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Viscous Resistance ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Experimental Artifact ◽  
Continuous Stream ◽  
Laboratory Models ◽  
Poiseuille Equation

The circulatory systems of vertebrate animals are closed, and blood leaves and returns to the heart at the same level. It is often concluded, therefore, that the heart works only against the viscous resistance of the system, not against gravity, even in vascular loops above the heart in which the siphon principle operates. However, we argue that the siphon principle does not assist blood flow in superior vascular loops if any of the descending vasculature is collapsible. If central arterial blood pressure is insufficient to support a blood column between the heart and the head, blood flow ceases because of vascular collapse. Furthermore, the siphon principle does not assist the heart even when a continuous stream of blood is flowing in a superior loop. The potential energy gained by blood as it is pumped to the head is lost to friction in partially collapsed descending vessels and thus is not regained. Application of the Poiseuille equation to flow in collapsible vessels is limited; resistance depends on flow rate in partially collapsed vessels with no transmural pressure difference, but flow rate is independent of resistance. Thus the pressure developed by the heart to establish a given flow rate is independent of the resistance occurring in the partially collapsed vessels. The pressure depends only on the height of the blood column and the resistance in the noncollapsed parts of the system. Simple laboratory models, involving water flow in collapsible tubing, dispel the idea that the siphon principle facilitates blood flow and suggest that previously published results may have been affected by experimental artifact.

Nematode ligand-gated chloride channels: an appraisal of their involvement in macrocyclic lactone resistance and prospects for developing molecular markers

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (8) ◽  
pp. 1111-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. McCAVERA ◽  
T. K. WALSH ◽  
A. J. WOLSTENHOLME
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Chloride Channels ◽  
Macrocyclic Lactone ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Cooperia Oncophora ◽  
Macrocyclic Lactone Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Laboratory Models

SUMMARYLigand-gated chloride channels, including the glutamate-(GluCl) and GABA-gated channels, are the targets of the macrocyclic lactone (ML) family of anthelmintics. Changes in the sequence and expression of these channels can cause resistance to the ML in laboratory models, such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Mutations in multiple GluCl subunit genes are required for high-level ML resistance in C. elegans, and this can be influenced by additional mutations in gap junction and amphid genes. Parasitic nematodes have a different complement of channel subunit genes from C. elegans, but a few genes, including avr-14, are widely present. A polymorphism in an avr-14 orthologue, which makes the subunit less sensitive to ivermectin and glutamate, has been identified in Cooperia oncophora, and polymorphisms in several subunits have been reported from resistant isolates of Haemonchus contortus. This has led to suggestions that ML resistance may be polygenic. Possible reasons for this, and its consequences for the development of molecular tests for resistance, are explored.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document