Operational Rules for Implementing Sincere Software Agents in Corrective and Preventive Actions Environment

The rapidly changing needs and opportunities of today’s global software market require unprecedented levels of code comprehension to integrate diverse information systems to share knowledge and collaborate among organizations. The combination of code comprehension with software agents not only provides a promising computing paradigm for efficient agent mediated code comprehension service for selection and integration of inter-organizational business processes but this combination also raises certain cognitive issues that need to be addressed. We will review some of the key cognitive models and theories of code comprehension that have emerged in software code comprehension. This paper will propose a cognitive model which will bring forth cognitive challenges, if handled properly by the organization would help in leveraging software design and dependencies.

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Exploring Why Adult Mexican Males Do Not Get Vaccinated: Implications for COVID-19 Preventive Actions

Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.1177/0739986320956913 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 515-527

Author(s):

V. Nelly Salgado de Snyder ◽

Deliana Garcia ◽

Roxana Pineda ◽

Jessica Calderon ◽

Dania Diaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preventive Medicine ◽

Age Groups ◽

Adult Males ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Administrative Services ◽

Minority Males ◽

Socially Disadvantaged ◽

Preventive Actions ◽

Socially Excluded ◽

Age Range

Vaccination is the single most important preventive medicine action worldwide. However, there are inequalities in the procurement of vaccines particularly among US ethnic and racial minority males when compared to the rest of the US population. This study explored the reasons given by adult Mexican-origin males residing in Texas, for obtaining or not, immunizations. This was a cross-sectional, exploratory study with a sample of convenience of 401 adult males (age range 18–79) who were invited to participate in the study while waiting their turn to receive administrative services at the Mexican Consulate in Austin Texas. Data was collected in Spanish with a seven-item multiple choice questionnaire, using electronic tablets. The majority of respondents received their last vaccination longer than 5 years earlier. A higher percentage of individuals in the older age groups received a vaccine in the last year, as opposed to their younger counterparts who obtained their last immunization 3 to 5 years earlier. Among the reasons given for not getting vaccinated were lack of time or money, feared injections and side effects, insufficient information, interest or motivation. Others did not get vaccines because they perceived themselves to be healthy and did not feel sick. Findings from this study have important implications for future preventive medicine and vaccination practices that reach socially excluded groups in times of COVID-19. Recommendations are made to facilitate access to vaccines to the target group of this study and other socially disadvantaged populations in the global health context.

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Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672121998960 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212199896

Author(s):

János Németh ◽

Beáta Tapasztó ◽

Wagih A Aclimandos ◽

Philippe Kestelyn ◽

Jost B Jonas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

European Society ◽

High Myopia ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Vision Impairment ◽

Pathological Myopia ◽

Myopia Progression ◽

Preventive Actions ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Myopia Control

The prevalence of myopia is increasing extensively worldwide. The number of people with myopia in 2020 is predicted to be 2.6 billion globally, which is expected to rise up to 4.9 billion by 2050, unless preventive actions and interventions are taken. The number of individuals with high myopia is also increasing substantially and pathological myopia is predicted to become the most common cause of irreversible vision impairment and blindness worldwide and also in Europe. These prevalence estimates indicate the importance of reducing the burden of myopia by means of myopia control interventions to prevent myopia onset and to slow down myopia progression. Due to the urgency of the situation, the European Society of Ophthalmology decided to publish this update of the current information and guidance on management of myopia. The pathogenesis and genetics of myopia are also summarized and epidemiology, risk factors, preventive and treatment options are discussed in details.

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Prediction of fear of falling at 6 months after stroke based on 279 individuals from the Fall Study of Gothenburg

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92546-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Netha Hussain ◽

Per-Olof Hansson ◽

Carina U. Persson

Keyword(s):

Acute Stroke ◽

Fear Of Falling ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Preventive Actions ◽

Baseline Factors ◽

Postural Assessment ◽

Function Activity ◽

Physical Activity Scale

AbstractThe early identification of individuals at risk of fear of falling after stroke is crucial in order to individualise preventive actions and interventions. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of, and baseline factors in acute stroke that are associated with fear of falling at 6 months after stroke. Fear of falling was assessed by one question, which was answered by 279 of 452 eligible individuals. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors that were associated with fear of falling. The dependent variable was fear of falling at 6 months after stroke. The independent variables were related to function, activity and participation, including personal and environmental factors. Fear of falling was reported by 117 (41.9%) individuals. Poor postural control in acute stroke, measured using the modified version of the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (odds ratio [OR]: 2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–5.36), and being physically inactive prior to the stroke, measured using the Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Scale (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.01–4.12), were found to be associated with fear of falling at 6 months after stroke. The findings in this study are useful in clinical practice to optimise rehabilitation after stroke.

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Advances in Plant Disease Detection and Monitoring: From Traditional Assays to In-Field Diagnostics

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21062129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 2129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ilaria Buja ◽

Erika Sabella ◽

Anna Grazia Monteduro ◽

Maria Serena Chiriacò ◽

Luigi De Bellis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emerging Diseases ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Preventive Actions ◽

Initial Symptoms ◽

New Frontier ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Instruments And Techniques ◽

The Difference ◽

Asymptomatic Individuals

Human activities significantly contribute to worldwide spread of phytopathological adversities. Pathogen-related food losses are today responsible for a reduction in quantity and quality of yield and decrease value and financial returns. As a result, “early detection” in combination with “fast, accurate, and cheap” diagnostics have also become the new mantra in plant pathology, especially for emerging diseases or challenging pathogens that spread thanks to asymptomatic individuals with subtle initial symptoms but are then difficult to face. Furthermore, in a globalized market sensitive to epidemics, innovative tools suitable for field-use represent the new frontier with respect to diagnostic laboratories, ensuring that the instruments and techniques used are suitable for the operational contexts. In this framework, portable systems and interconnection with Internet of Things (IoT) play a pivotal role. Here we review innovative diagnostic methods based on nanotechnologies and new perspectives concerning information and communication technology (ICT) in agriculture, resulting in an improvement in agricultural and rural development and in the ability to revolutionize the concept of “preventive actions”, making the difference in fighting against phytopathogens, all over the world.

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Representations of Psychoactive Drugs’ Use in Mass Culture and Their Impact on Audiences

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18116000 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 6000

Author(s):

Marek A. Motyka ◽

Ahmed Al-Imam

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Drug Use ◽

Mass Culture ◽

Film Music ◽

Psychoactive Drugs ◽

Frequent Contact ◽

Preventive Actions ◽

The Impact ◽

Staying At Home

Drug use has been increasing worldwide over recent decades. Apart from the determinants of drug initiation established in numerous studies, the authors wish to draw attention to other equally important factors, which may contribute to augmenting this phenomenon. The article aims to draw attention to the content of mass culture, especially representations of drug use in mass media, which may influence the liberalization of attitudes towards drugs and their use. The role of mass culture and its impact on the audience is discussed. It presents an overview of drug representations in the content of mass culture, e.g., in film, music, literature, and the occurrence of drug references in everyday products, e.g., food, clothes, and cosmetics. Attention was drawn to liberal attitudes of celebrities and their admissions to drug use, particularly to the impact of the presented positions on the attitudes of the audience, especially young people for whom musicians, actors, and celebrities are regarded as authorities. Indications for further preventive actions were also presented. Attention was drawn to the need to take appropriate action due to the time of the COVID-19 pandemic when many people staying at home (due to lockdown or quarantine) have the possibility of much more frequent contact with mass culture content, which may distort the image of drugs.

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Mothers had inadequate knowledge towards key essential nutrition action messages in mainly rural Northeast Ethiopia

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2021.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Bereket Gebremichael ◽

Biruk Beletew Abate ◽

Tewodros Tesfaye

Keyword(s):

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

Related Information ◽

Preventive Actions ◽

Inadequate Knowledge ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Health Institutions ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

Good Attitude

Abstract Essential nutrition action (ENA) is one of the most effective preventive actions for combating nutritional problems in young children. There is, however, a paucity of evidence about mother's knowledge and attitude regarding key ENA messages. The objective of the present study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of mothers towards key ENA messages and associated factors. A representative sample of 563 mothers of children from birth up to 24 months in mainly rural North Ethiopia was included in the study. The findings showed that 66⋅4 % of the mothers have a good knowledge and 68⋅9 % have a good attitude. In the multivariable analysis using logistic regression, mothers who attended secondary school or higher education were six times more likely to have a good knowledge (AOR 6⋅1; CI 2⋅945, 12⋅719) compared with those who are illiterate. Besides, women who resided in an urban area (AOR 2⋅2; CI 1⋅14, 4⋅25), attended antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR 3⋅7; CI 2⋅421, 5⋅742), attended postnatal care (PNC) visits (AOR 2⋅2; CI 1⋅37, 3⋅4) and heard nutritional-related information (AOR 1⋅9; CI 1⋅14, 3⋅49) were found to have a good knowledge. On the other hand, mothers who attended ANC visits were almost four times (AOR 3⋅9; CI 2⋅7, 5⋅8) more likely to have a good attitude towards key ENA. Mothers who delivered at health institutions and who attended PNC visits were also more likely to have a good attitude. In conclusion, the present study determined the level of knowledge and attitudes of mothers about ENA and several factors that influence mother's knowledge and attitude regarding ENA.

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Extracontractual Liability Law as a Policy Instrument: Public Law in Disguise or in Chains?

Journal of European Tort Law ◽

10.1515/jetl-2020-0136 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 16-36

Author(s):

Pieter Gillaerts

Keyword(s):

General Trend ◽

Policy Instrument ◽

Public Law ◽

Private Law ◽

Top Down ◽

Present Contribution ◽

Fundamental Level ◽

Liability Law ◽

Preventive Actions ◽

Common Limit

AbstractExtracontractual liability law is no exception to the general trend of instrumentalisation of private law. It is increasingly being used to pursue goals other than its primary aim of compensation. This instrumentalisation is a dual phenomenon that has developed both out of top-down and bottom-up impulses. Although specific questions may arise for each of these two movements, they encounter a common limit. On a fundamental level, the instrumentalisation is restricted by extracontractual liability law’s primary compensatory function. Other functions, such as enforcement (of rights) or prevention, are grafted onto this primary function and can only be pursued to the extent that they are compatible with it. It relates to the tension created by pursuing public goals through extracontractual liability law as an essentially private law instrument. Attention is needed not to overstretch extracontractual liability law’s prerequisites, which are coherent with its private law embedding. It would turn extracontractual liability law into a dangerous passe-partout. Besides stretching the existing prerequisites, one may also consider alternative instruments for pursuing non-compensatory goals, such as preventive actions. Given the ubiquitous occurrence of the phenomenon, the present contribution will start from Belgian and Dutch law, although the conclusions may reach beyond these legal systems.

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