Situational Awareness and Human Performance in Trauma

2016 ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Brindley ◽  
Arthur Tse
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Situational Awareness

Understanding aviation operators’ variability in advanced systems

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Papanikou ◽  
Utku Kale ◽  
András Nagy ◽  
Konstantinos Stamoulis
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Performance Shaping Factors ◽  
Generational Changes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to identify variability in aviation operators in order to gain greater understanding of the changes in aviation professional groups. Research has commonly addressed human factors and automation in broad categories according to a group’s function (e.g., pilots, air traffic controllers [ATCOs], engineers). Accordingly, pilots and Air Traffic Controls (ATCOs) have been treated as homogeneous groups with a set of characteristics. Currently, critical themes of human performance in light of systems’ developments place the emphasis on quality training for improved situational awareness (SA), decision-making and cognitive load. Design/methodology/approach As key solutions centre on the increased understanding and preparedness of operators through quality training, the authors deploy an iterative mixed methodology to reveal generational changes of pilots and ATCOs. In total, 46 participants were included in the qualitative instrument and 70 in the quantitative one. Preceding their triangulation, the qualitative data were analysed using NVivo and the quantitative analysis was aided through descriptive statistics. Findings The results show that there is a generational gap between old and new generations of operators. Although positive views on advanced systems are being expressed, concerns about cognitive capabilities in the new systems, training and skills gaps, workload and role implications are presented. Practical implications The practical implications of this study extend to different profiles of operators that collaborate either directly or indirectly and that are critical to aviation safety. Specific implications are targeted on automation complacency, bias and managing information load, and training aspects where quality training can be aided by better understanding the occupational transitions under advanced systems. Originality/value In this paper, the authors aimed to understand the changing nature of the operators’ profession within the advanced technological context, and the perceptions and performance-shaping factors of pilots and ATCOs to define the generational changes.

Developing and Evaluating an Augmented Reality Interface to Assist the Joint Tactical Air Controller by Applying Human Performance Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 686-690
Author(s):  
Chris Wickens ◽  
Gaia Dempsey ◽  
Andrew Pringle ◽  
Lucas Kazansky ◽  
Stefanie Hutka
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Performance Models ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Cognitive Operations

We developed a 3D augmented reality head mounted display (DARSADS-SVS HMD) interface to support the Joint Tactical Air Controller (JTAC). The JTAC’s job is to integrate information about enemy attack units and nearby friendly forces and direct aircraft equipped with weapons to neutralize the enemy via close air support (CAS), while also safely routing air traffic. The JTAC’s numerous and often overlapping tasks involve maintaining detailed situational awareness (SA) of a large quantity of information, and making rapid decisions that carry life-or-death consequences. Thus, the JTAC role requires many different cognitive operations across different mission phases. Designing an effective human-factored system that supports maximum SA while minimizing cognitive load required us to harness computational cognitive models of SA-supporting visual scanning, display layout, 3D frame-of-reference transformations, clutter, legibility and working memory. We applied such models to different phases of the JTAC mission (e.g., airspace management, call-for-fire), establishing a Figure of Merit (FOM) for each given design by summing FOMs across models, thus creating a mechanism to evaluate designs based upon their balanced impact on competing cognitive drivers. Models were differentially weighted for each phase, according to the relative importance of the relevant cognitive process to the phase in question. In this research paper, we illustrate two such design comparisons.

scholarly journals Lessons From Other Disciplines About Communication, Human Performance and Situational Awareness While Wearing Personal Protective Equipment

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237796082096376
Author(s):  
Margaret Scott ◽  
John Unsworth
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Multi Phase

Introduction The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) has quickly accelerated into a pandemic. As COVID-19 has swept across the globe, health systems have adapted, including the cessation of routine surgery and the re-deployment of staff to critical care settings. Prompt interventions such as endotracheal (ET) intubation, are deemed essential in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Intubation requires a coordinated approach and effective teamwork, as it is a high-risk procedure not least because it is an aerosol-generating intervention with increased infection risk. As a result, teams responsible for performing ET intubation are required to wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), which in turn hinders communication and situational awareness, and can hamper team work. Method This review considers the effects of wearing PPE on performance and situational awareness in a healthcare environment. Drawing on literature from the fire service and military, the review will explore approaches to improving communication and situational awareness for teams who, at times, are unfamiliar with one another. The review will consider human factors and, identify approaches that assist teams, including teams that are unfamiliar with one another, to adapt to new ways of working while performing high-risk procedures. Conclusion Literature indicates that standardisation, pre-brief and training are important elements of developing improved situational awareness and team working in individuals whose senses may be affected by PPE. In addition, checklists provide a useful way of standardising procedures and can form the basis of a structured pre-brief. Checklists exist for both intubation and patient proning, which, alongside simulation-based team training, provide a useful method of preparing an often unfamiliar workforce for their roles during an epidemic or pandemic. The multi-phase nature of most pandemics provides an opportunity to review processes and implement such procedures, and to develop staff using team-based training during the post-peak period.

scholarly journals Application of Stereoscopic Head-Mounted Displays and Interactive Virtual Reality Environments to an “Optical Illusion” Misstep and Fall Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 552-556
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Figueroa Jacinto ◽  
David Sproule ◽  
Jacob Williams ◽  
Sam Perlmutter ◽  
Steve Arndt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Incident Investigation ◽  
Modes Of Presentation ◽  
Head Mounted Displays ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Do So

The ability to accurately depict the scene of an incident to a jury, who will never be able to experience it first-hand, is a key element of presenting trial demonstratives. In many cases, where visual perception and situational awareness are a key element in understanding the nature of an incident, traditional modes of presentation, such as two-dimensional photographs, may be insufficient and require a more sophisticated methodology. Specifically, as stereoscopic head-mounted displays (HMDs) and virtual reality (VR) programming continues to advance, it provides jurors the opportunity to experience an interactive, and more representative, virtual environment. Further, while immersed in these environments, jurors can direct their gaze to areas of interest, view them from multiple angles, and dictate the pace in which they do so providing an experience tailored to the individual that more fully utilizes the capabilities of their sensory system. Thus, forensic accident investigators, such as human factors expert witnesses, have the opportunity to leverage this technology to demonstrate aspects of perception and human performance. This study discusses the application of HMDs and VR to a real-world incident investigation, and discusses the reasons why such technology is required to accurately depict changes in walking surface level elevations.

Experimental Design Interrogation of Network Simulation Models of U.S. Army Command and Control Centers

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam E. Middlebrooks ◽  
Robert C. Williges
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Network Computer ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
And Control

Using a task network computer simulation previously developed by the U.S. Army to investigate workload conditions in a command and control center, this project developed new methodologies to use computer simulations to predict conditions for optimal human performance. By using an experimental design to interrogate the model to see what the decision makers in the work team deemed to be important, predictions were made about how the work domain could be optimized for the most efficient human performance. An augmented fractional-factorial design was developed that allowed an analysis of the main effect for each independent variable along with predictions of higher order components that might exist in each main effect. A major study finding was the extent to which battalion commanders focused their attention on establishing and maintaining situational awareness during combat operations and the need to present information to the commander in a way that supported rather than detracted from situation understanding.

The limits of human performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Beneke ◽  
Dieter Böning
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
As Doping ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Biochemical Research

Human performance, defined by mechanical resistance and distance per time, includes human, task and environmental factors, all interrelated. It requires metabolic energy provided by anaerobic and aerobic metabolic energy sources. These sources have specific limitations in the capacity and rate to provide re-phosphorylation energy, which determines individual ratios of aerobic and anaerobic metabolic power and their sustainability. In healthy athletes, limits to provide and utilize metabolic energy are multifactorial, carefully matched and include a safety margin imposed in order to protect the integrity of the human organism under maximal effort. Perception of afferent input associated with effort leads to conscious or unconscious decisions to modulate or terminate performance; however, the underlying mechanisms of cerebral control are not fully understood. The idea to move borders of performance with the help of biochemicals is two millennia old. Biochemical findings resulted in highly effective substances widely used to increase performance in daily life, during preparation for sport events and during competition, but many of them must be considered as doping and therefore illegal. Supplements and food have ergogenic potential; however, numerous concepts are controversially discussed with respect to legality and particularly evidence in terms of usefulness and risks. The effect of evidence-based nutritional strategies on adaptations in terms of gene and protein expression that occur in skeletal muscle during and after exercise training sessions is widely unknown. Biochemical research is essential for better understanding of the basic mechanisms causing fatigue and the regulation of the dynamic adaptation to physical and mental training.

1880: Assessment of Basic Human Performance Resources Predicts Performance of Ureterorenoscopy in Human Cadavers

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
Edward D. Matsumoto ◽  
George V. Kondraske ◽  
Lucas Jacomides ◽  
Kenneth Ogan ◽  
Margaret S. Pearle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Human Cadavers

Short Stress State Questionnaire

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Helton ◽  
Katharina Näswall
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Multiple Samples

Conscious appraisals of stress, or stress states, are an important aspect of human performance. This article presents evidence supporting the validity and measurement characteristics of a short multidimensional self-report measure of stress state, the Short Stress State Questionnaire (SSSQ; Helton, 2004 ). The SSSQ measures task engagement, distress, and worry. A confirmatory factor analysis of the SSSQ using data pooled from multiple samples suggests the SSSQ does have a three factor structure and post-task changes are not due to changes in factor structure, but to mean level changes (state changes). In addition, the SSSQ demonstrates sensitivity to task stressors in line with hypotheses. Different task conditions elicited unique patterns of stress state on the three factors of the SSSQ in line with prior predictions. The 24-item SSSQ is a valid measure of stress state which may be useful to researchers interested in conscious appraisals of task-related stress.

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