scholarly journals Analysis of the Performance a PV System Based on Empirical Data in a Real World Context

2015 ◽  
pp. 429-440
Author(s):  
Seyed Amin Tabatabaei ◽  
Jan Treur
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Pv System

Can fake news really change behaviour? Evidence from a study of COVID-19 misinformation.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara Greene ◽  
Gillian Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Behavioural Intentions ◽  
The Real ◽  
News Stories

Previous research has argued that fake news may have grave consequences for health behaviour, but surprisingly, no empirical data have been provided to support this assumption. This issue takes on new urgency in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. In this large preregistered study (N = 3746) we investigated the effect of exposure to fabricated news stories about COVID-19 on related behavioural intentions. We observed small but measurable effects on some related behavioural intentions but not others – for example, participants who read a story about problems with a forthcoming contact-tracing app reported reduced willingness to download the app. We found no effects of providing a general warning about the dangers of online misinformation on response to the fake stories, regardless of the framing of the warning in positive or negative terms. We conclude with a call for more empirical research on the real-world consequences of fake news.

scholarly journals Maximal modularity and the optimal size of parliaments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Gamberi ◽  
Yanik-Pascal Förster ◽  
Evan Tzanis ◽  
Alessia Annibale ◽  
Pierpaolo Vivo
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Random Network ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Universal Power Law ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Democratic Country

AbstractAn important question in representative democracies is how to determine the optimal parliament size of a given country. According to an old conjecture, known as the cubic root law, there is a fairly universal power-law relation, with an exponent equal to 1/3, between the size of an elected parliament and the country’s population. Empirical data in modern European countries support such universality but are consistent with a larger exponent. In this work, we analyse this intriguing regularity using tools from complex networks theory. We model the population of a democratic country as a random network, drawn from a growth model, where each node is assigned a constituency membership sampled from an available set of size D. We calculate analytically the modularity of the population and find that its functional relation with the number of constituencies is strongly non-monotonic, exhibiting a maximum that depends on the population size. The criterion of maximal modularity allows us to predict that the number of representatives should scale as a power-law in the size of the population, a finding that is qualitatively confirmed by the empirical analysis of real-world data.

Quantitative Concession Behavior Analysis and Prediction for Decision Support in Electronic Negotiations

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Réal A. Carbonneau ◽  
Rustam Vahidov ◽  
Gregory E. Kersten
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Automated Negotiation ◽  
Electronic Negotiations ◽  
Memory Decay ◽  
Negotiation Agents

Quantitative analysis of negotiation concession behavior is performed based on empirical data with the purpose of providing simple and intuitive decision support in electronic negotiations. Previous work on non-linear concave preferences and subsequent concession crossover provides a theoretical basis for the model. The authors propose a model which quantifies the remaining concession potential for each issue and a generalization of the model which permits the memory/decay of past concessions. These models permit the analysis of negotiators' concession behavior. Using the proposed models, it was possible to quantitatively determine that negotiators in the authors' negotiation case exhibit concession crossover issues and thus have a tendency to give concessions on issues with the most remaining concession potential. This finding provides empirical evidence of concession crossover in actual concessions and the corresponding model permits the design of a simple and intuitive prediction methodology, which could be used in real world negotiations by decision support systems or automated negotiation agents.

scholarly journals The Net Generation’s Stories: A Typology

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-183
Author(s):  
Christina Schachtner
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
The Future

Abstract In this chapter, the empirical data are presented as a typology of narratives in which experiences and activities in virtual space and the real world are interwoven, along with ideas and wishes for the future, what has happened in the past, and what is happening in the present. They run like a subterranean web through the narrators’ lives, initiating patterns of thinking and doing which revolve around a specific focus. The following types of narrations were identified: stories about interconnectedness, self-staging, supplying and selling, managing boundaries, and transformation, as well as setting out and breaking away.

Exploring the Effects of Campaigning Strategies for the Organisation of Collective Action Using Empirical Data

2008 ◽  
pp. 239-251
Author(s):  
Robert Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Collective Goods ◽  
Practical Usefulness ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Many

In a collective action, people act together with the intention of producing public goods. Public, or collective, goods are states or objects that benefit the many but only emerge if a sufficient number of persons make contributions. The present study explains de dynamics of participation in collective action campaigns by considering the interaction of different processes. With the resulting model it is possible to determine the optimal combination of diffusion measures for such a campaign. Before using the model for experimenting, we calibrate its parameters using data from a real world collective action. We find this to be a most important step in order to demonstrate that the model can be grounded empirically and to demonstrate the practical usefulness of simulation for consulting and design of real world processes. Finally, some “what if” scenarios reveal the model’s power of explanation and prediction.

scholarly journals Understandings of tourism theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios P. Stergiou ◽  
David Airey
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Major Stakeholder ◽  
Tourism Professionals ◽  
The Uk

Purpose This paper explores perceptions of tourism theory and its usefulness to the professional practice of tourism management as identified by the two major stakeholder groups – academics and tourism practitioners. Design/methodology/approach Data for this study were collected through the use of two electronically administered surveys with tourism academics teaching on undergraduate tourism programmes of study and tourism professionals, both based in the UK. Findings Findings suggest that tourism theory is important in understanding tourism itself. But at the same time it has pragmatic relevance, facilitating researchers and others to make sense of the real world and contributing to successful practice in tourism. Originality/value This is the first study to provide empirical data from both academic and practitioner perspectives into often contested debates about the nature and uses of tourism theory.

Intersections of Ageing, Gender and Sexualities

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Social Divisions

With an increasingly diverse ageing population, we need to expand our understanding of how social divisions intersect to affect outcomes in later life. This edited collection examines ageing, gender and sexualities from multidisciplinary and geographically diverse perspectives and looks at how these factors combine with other social divisions to affect experiences of ageing. It draws on theory and empirical data to provide both conceptual knowledge and clear ‘real-world’ illustrations, and includes section introductions to guide the reader through the debates and ideas.

scholarly journals Experimental philosophical bioethics and normative inference

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Earp ◽  
Jonathan Lewis ◽  
Vilius Dranseika ◽  
Ivar R. Hannikainen
Keyword(s):  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach

AbstractThis paper explores an emerging sub-field of both empirical bioethics and experimental philosophy, which has been called “experimental philosophical bioethics” (bioxphi). As an empirical discipline, bioxphi adopts the methods of experimental moral psychology and cognitive science; it does so to make sense of the eliciting factors and underlying cognitive processes that shape people’s moral judgments, particularly about real-world matters of bioethical concern. Yet, as a normative discipline situated within the broader field of bioethics, it also aims to contribute to substantive ethical questions about what should be done in a given context. What are some of the ways in which this aim has been pursued? In this paper, we employ a case study approach to examine and critically evaluate four strategies from the recent literature by which scholars in bioxphi have leveraged empirical data in the service of normative arguments.

scholarly journals Tailored performance dashboards—an evaluation of the state of the art

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e625
Author(s):  
Artem Kruglov ◽  
Dragos Strugar ◽  
Giancarlo Succi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Search Processes ◽  
Multiple Domains

Context Tailoring mechanisms allow performance dashboards to vary their appearance as a response to changing requirements (e.g., adapting to multiple users or multiple domains). Objective We analyze existing research on tailored dashboards and investigate different proposed approaches. Methodology We performed a systematic literature review. Our search processes yielded a total of 1,764 papers, out of which we screened 1,243 and ultimately used six for data collection. Results Tailored dashboards, while being introduced almost thirty years ago, did not receive much research attention. However, the area is expanding in recent years and we observed common patterns in novel tailoring mechanisms. Since none of the existing solutions have been running for extended periods of time in real-world scenarios, this lack of empirical data is a likely cause of vaguely described research designs and important practical issues being overlooked. Implications Based on our findings we propose types of tailoring mechanisms taking into account the timing and nature of recommendations. This classification is grounded in empirical data and serves as a step ahead to a more unifying way of looking at tailoring capabilities in the context of dashboards. Finally, we outline a set of recommendations for future research, as well as a series of steps to follow to make studies more attractive to practitioners.

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