Breeding Strategies for Enhanced Plant Tolerance to Heat Stress

2016 ◽  
pp. 447-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viola Devasirvatham ◽  
Daniel K. Y. Tan ◽  
Richard M. Trethowan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Plant Tolerance

scholarly journals Characterization and Functional Analysis of FaHsfC1b from Festuca arundinacea Conferring Heat Tolerance in Arabidopsis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Zhuang ◽  
Wei Cao ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jingjin Yu ◽  
Zhimin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Class C

Heat transcription factors (Hsfs) belong to a large gene family classified into A, B, and C groups, with classes A and B Hsfs being well-characterized and known for their roles in plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. The functions and roles of Class C Hsfs are not well-documented. The objectives of this study were to characterize a class C Hsf gene (FaHsfC1b) cloned from tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), a perennial grass species, and to determine the physiological functions of FaHsfC1b in regulating heat tolerance by overexpressing FaHsfC1b in Arabidopsis thaliana. Full length cDNA of FaHsfC1b was cloned and the sequence alignment showed that it had high similarity to OsHsfC1b with typical DNA binding domain, hydrophobic oligomerization domain, and a nucleus localization signal. Transient expression with FaHsfC1b-eGFP in protoplasts of Arabidopsis leaves indicated its nucleus localization. qRT-PCR analysis showed that FaHsfC1b responded to heat, osmotic, salt, and cold stress in leaves and roots during 48-h treatment. Physiological analysis showed that FaHsfC1b overexpression enhanced plant survival rate, chlorophyll content, and photochemical efficiency, while it resulted in decreases in electrolyte leakage, H2O2 and O2− content under heat stress. qRT-PCR showed that endogenous HsfC1 was induced in transgenic plants and the expression levels of heat protection protein genes, including several HSPs, AtGalSyn1, AtRof1, and AtHSA32, as well as ABA-synthesizing gene (NCED3) were significantly upregulated in transgenic plants overexpressing FaHsfC1b under heat stress. Our results first demonstrate that HsfC1b plays positive roles in plant tolerance to heat stress in association with the induction and upregulation of heat-protective genes. HsfC1b may be used as a candidate gene for genetic modification of cool-season plant species for improving heat tolerance.

scholarly journals Molecular regulation and physiological functions of a novelFaHsfA2ccloned from tall fescue conferring plant tolerance to heat stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuyun Wang ◽  
Wanlu Huang ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Zhimin Yang ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Functions

scholarly journals Defense Enzymes in Mycorrhizal Tomato Plants Exposed to Combined Drought and Heat Stresses

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1657
Author(s):  
Imane Haddidi ◽  
Nguyen Hong Duc ◽  
Szende Tonk ◽  
Eszter Rápó ◽  
Katalin Posta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress

As a result of climate change, drought and heat significantly reduced plant growth. Therefore, this study aims to explore and provide more insight into the effect of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) strains (Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, and Funneliformis coronatum) on tomato plant tolerance against combined drought and heat stress, as well as combined drought and heat shock. A pot experiment was performed under controlled conditions in a growth chamber at 26/20 °C with a 16/8 h photoperiod. After six weeks of growth, one-third of plants were put in non-stress conditions, while another one-third were subjected to combined drought and heat stress (40% field capacity for two weeks and 38 °C/16 h and 30 °C/8 h for 5 days). The rest of the plants were exposed to combined drought and heat shock (40% of field capacity for two weeks and 45 °C for 6 h at the end of the drought period). All data were evaluated by one- and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Means were compared by Duncan’s post hoc test at p < 0.05. The obtained results showed that combined drought and heat stresses had no significant impact on root colonization. Furthermore, stressed AMF plants exhibited a decrease in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content in the cells and showed changes in defense enzyme activities (peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and glutathione S-transferase (GST)) in leaves as well as in roots compared with their relative non-mycorrhizal plants.

scholarly journals Heat Stress in Cotton: A Review on Predicted and Unpredicted Growth-Yield Anomalies and Mitigating Breeding Strategies

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1825
Author(s):  
Sajid Majeed ◽  
Iqrar Ahmad Rana ◽  
Muhammad Salman Mubarik ◽  
Rana Muhammad Atif ◽  
Seung-Hwan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Cotton Fibres ◽  
Transgenic Technologies ◽  
Global Population

The demand for cotton fibres is increasing due to growing global population while its production is facing challenges from an unpredictable rise in temperature owing to rapidly changing climatic conditions. High temperature stress is a major stumbling block relative to agricultural production around the world. Therefore, the development of thermo-stable cotton cultivars is gaining popularity. Understanding the effects of heat stress on various stages of plant growth and development and its tolerance mechanism is a prerequisite for initiating cotton breeding programs to sustain lint yield without compromising its quality under high temperature stress conditions. Thus, cotton breeders should consider all possible options, such as developing superior cultivars through traditional breeding, utilizing molecular markers and transgenic technologies, or using genome editing techniques to obtain desired features. Therefore, this review article discusses the likely effects of heat stress on cotton plants, tolerance mechanisms, and possible breeding strategies.

scholarly journals Effects of Epichloë festucae Fungal Endophyte Infection on Drought and Heat Stress Responses of Strong Creeping Red Fescue

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zipeng Tian ◽  
Bingru Huang ◽  
Faith C. Belanger
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Epichloë Festucae ◽  
Endophyte Infection ◽  
Relative Water

Strong creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra ssp. rubra) is an important cool season turfgrass species. Cultivars are often infected with the fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae. Endophyte infection is known to confer insect and disease resistance to the plants. The effect of endophyte infection on drought or heat stress tolerance of strong creeping red fescue is not yet established. The objectives of this controlled-environment study were to determine if endophyte infection had any effect on physiological parameters associated with plant tolerance to drought or heat stress or the combination of the two stresses. In this study, endophyte status had no effect on turf quality (TQ), relative water content (RWC), photochemical efficiency, chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage (EL), or malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the plants under any of the stress treatments. Our results suggested that E. festucae infection had no physiological effects on improving drought, heat or the combined stress tolerance in strong creeping red fescue.

scholarly journals Redox response of iron-sulfur glutaredoxin GRXS17 activates its holdase activity to protect plants from heat stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Martins ◽  
Johannes Knuesting ◽  
Laetitia Bariat ◽  
Avilien Dard ◽  
Sven A. Freibert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Iron Sulfur Cluster ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Iron Sulfur ◽  
Root Meristematic Cells ◽  
Living Organisms

ABSTRACTLiving organisms use a large panel of mechanisms to protect themselves from environmental stress. Particularly, heat stress induces misfolding and aggregation of proteins which are guarded by chaperone systems. Here, we examine the function the glutaredoxin GRXS17, a member of thiol reductases families in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. GRXS17 is a nucleocytosolic monothiol glutaredoxin consisting of an N-terminal thioredoxin (TRX)-domain and three CGFS-active site motif-containing GRX-domains that coordinate three iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters in a glutathione (GSH)-dependent manner. As a Fe-S cluster-charged holoenzyme, GRXS17 is likely involved in the maturation of cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins. In addition to its role in cluster biogenesis, we showed that GRXS17 presents both foldase and redox-dependent holdase activities. Oxidative stress in combination with heat stress induces loss of its Fe-S clusters followed by subsequent formation of disulfide bonds between conserved active site cysteines in the corresponding TRX domains. This oxidation leads to a shift of GRXS17 to a high-MW complex and thus, activates its holdase activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that GRXS17 is specifically involved in plant tolerance to moderate high temperature and protects root meristematic cells from heat-induced cell death. Finally, we showed that upon heat stress, GRXS17 changes its client proteins, possibly to protect them from heat injuries. Therefore, we propose that the iron-sulfur cluster enzyme glutaredoxin GRXS17 is an essential guard to protect proteins against moderate heat stress, likely through a redox-dependent chaperone activity. All in all, we reveal the mechanism of an Fe-S cluster-dependent activity shift, turning the holoenzyme GRXS17 into a holdase that prevents damage caused by heat stress.

scholarly journals Ectopic Expression of Os-miR408 Improves Thermo-Tolerance of Perennial Ryegrass

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1930
Author(s):  
Geli Taier ◽  
Nan Hang ◽  
Tianran Shi ◽  
Yanrong Liu ◽  
Wenxin Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Positive Role

With global warming, high temperature stress has become a main threat to the growth of cool-season turfgrasses, including perennial ryegrass. As one of the conserved plant microRNA families, miR408s are known to play roles in various abiotic stresses, including cold, drought, salinity, and oxidative stress, but no report, thus far, was found for heat. Here, perennial ryegrass plants overexpressing rice Os-miR408 were used to investigate the role of miR408 in plant heat tolerance. Both wild type (WT) and miR408 transgenic perennial ryegrass plants (TG) were subjected to short-term heat stress at 38 °C for 72 h (experiment 1) or at 42 °C for 48 h (experiment 2), and then let recover for 7 days at optimum temperature. Morphological changes and physiological parameters, including antioxidative responses of TG and WT plants, were compared. The results showed that miR408 downregulated the expression of two putative target genes, PLASTOCYANIN and LAC3. Additionally, overexpression of Os-miR408 improved thermo-tolerance of perennial ryegrass, demonstrated by lower leaf lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage, and higher relative water content after both 38 and 42 °C heat stresses. In addition, the enhanced thermotolerance of TG plants could be associated with its morphological changes (e.g., narrower leaves, smaller tiller angles) and elevated antioxidative capacity. This study is the first that experimentally reported a positive role of miR408 in plant tolerance to heat stress, which provided useful information for further understanding the mechanism by which miR408 improved plant high-temperature tolerance, and offered a potential genetic resource for breeding heat-resistant cool-season turfgrass in the future.

scholarly journals Protein Changes in Response to Heat Stress in Acclimated and Nonacclimated Creeping Bentgrass

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali He ◽  
Xiaozhong Liu ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Heat Acclimation ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Induced Expression

The acclimation of plants to moderately high temperature plays an important role in inducing plant tolerance to subsequent lethal high temperatures. This study was performed to investigate the effects of heat acclimation and sudden heat stress on protein synthesis and degradation in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). Plants of the cultivar Penncross were subjected to two temperature regimes in growth chambers: 1) heat acclimation—plants were exposed to a gradual increase in temperatures from 20 to 25, 30, and 35 °C for 7 days at each temperature level before being exposed to 40 °C for 28 days; and 2) sudden heat stress (nonacclimation)—plants were directly exposed to 40 °C for 28 days from 20 °C without acclimation through the gradual increase in temperatures. Heat acclimation increased plant tolerance to subsequent heat stress, as demonstrated by lower electrolyte leakage (relative EL) in leaves of heat-acclimated plants compared to nonacclimated plants at 40 °C. Heat acclimation induced expression of some heat shock proteins (HSPs), 57 and 54 kDa, detected in a salt-soluble form (cystoplasmic proteins), which were not present in unacclimated plants under heat stress. However, HSPs of 23, 36, and 66 kDa were induced by both sudden and gradual exposure to heat stress. In general, total protein content decreased under both heat acclimation and sudden heat stress. Cystoplasmic proteins was more sensitive to increasing temperatures, with a significant decline initiated at 25 °C, while sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-soluble (membrane) protein content did not decrease significantly until temperature was elevated to 30 °C. The results demonstrated that both a gradual increase in temperature and sudden heat stress caused protein degradation and also induced expression of newly synthesized HSPs. Our results suggested that the induction of new HSPs during heat acclimation might be associated with the enhanced thermotolerance of creeping bentgrass, although direct correlation of these two factors is yet to be determined. This study also indicated that protein degradation could be associated with heat injury during either gradual increases in temperature or sudden heat stress.

Antisense-mediated S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase silencing affects heat stress responses of tobacco plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Ifigeneia Mellidou ◽  
Katerina Karamanoli ◽  
Helen-Isis A. Constantinidou ◽  
Kalliopi A. Roubelakis-Angelakis
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity

Understanding the molecular mode(s) of plant tolerance to heat stress (HS) is crucial since HS is a potential threat to sustainable agriculture and global crop production. Polyamines (PAs) seem to exert multifaceted effects in plant growth and development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, presumably via their homeostasis, chemical interactions and contribution to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) cellular ‘signatures’. Downregulation of the apoplastic POLYAMINE OXIDASE (PAO) gene improved thermotolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) transgenics. However, in the present work we show that transgenic tobacco plants with antisense-mediated S-ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE DECARBOXYLASE silencing (AS-NtSAMDC) exhibited enhanced sensitivity and delayed responses to HS which was accompanied by profound injury upon HS removal (recovery), as assessed by phenological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. In particular, the AS-NtSAMDC transgenics exhibited significantly reduced rate of photosynthesis, as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. These transgenics suffered irreversible damage, which significantly reduced their growth potential upon return to normal conditions. These data reinforce the contribution of increased PA homeostasis to tolerance, and can move forward our understanding on the PA-mediated mechanism(s) conferring tolerance to HS that might be targeted via traditional or biotechnological breeding for developing HS tolerant plants.

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