Historical origins of the Mediterranean Diet, Regional Dietary Profiles, and the Development of the Dietary Guidelines

2016 ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine R. Sahyoun ◽  
Kavitha Sankavaram
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Historical Origins

scholarly journals The Mediterranean Diet in the Stroke Belt: A Cross-sectional Study on Adherence and Perceived Knowledge, Barriers, and Benefits (P18-066-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Greene ◽  
Caroline Knight ◽  
Olivia Jackson ◽  
Imran Rahman ◽  
Donna Burnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Funding Program ◽  
The Us ◽  
Knowledge Barriers ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Stroke Belt

Abstract Objectives The Mediterranean diet (MD) is recommended by the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans, yet little is known about the diet in the US, particularly in areas of high chronic disease. Thus, we investigated MD adherence and perceived benefits and barriers to consumption of the MD in the US Stroke Belt. Methods A survey containing 44 validated MD knowledge, barriers, and benefits (KBB) questions, a validated 14-question MD adherence screener, 7 questions based on the Precaution Adoption Model (stages of change), and 7 demographic/anthropometric questions was distributed systematically to US residents using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Responses from the Stroke Belt (SB; n = 304), California (CA; n = 489), and all other US states (OtherUS; n = 439) were obtained. The CA group served as the reference group. A linear model was used to assess KBB question scores in the groups (Model 1), adjusted for sex and age (Model 2), and all other demographic variables (Model 3). Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to assess the differences in total MD adherence scores between the groups adjusted for all covariates. Simple logistic regression for having heard of the MD with demographic variables was examined. Statistical analyses were conducted in R v3.5.2. Results Barriers on MD knowledge, convenience, sensory factors, and health and familiarity with the MD diet were significantly greater in the SB group, but not the OtherUS group, in all models (P < 0.05). Weight loss was found to be a significantly greater benefit in the SB group in all models (P < 0.05). For each point increase in MD adherence, a reduction in 0.32 and 0.48 points (P < 0.05) was observed in the SB and otherUS groups, respectively. In the full cohort, the odds for participants having heard of the MD prior to taking the survey significantly increased 12.50 times (95%CI, 2.56–226) for 65–74 year olds. The odds were also significantly increased (OR 1.68; 95%CI, 1.13–2.47 and OR 2.47; 95%CI, 1.45–4.32) for those with Bachelor's and Master's or professional degrees, respectively, while no significant differences were found with sex or race. Conclusions Our results identify key barriers and benefits of the MD in the SB which can inform targeted MD intervention studies. Funding Sources USDA Hatch Funding Program (MWG) and Haggard Family Annual Award in Nutrition and Dietetics (OJ).

scholarly journals The Nutrient Trial (NUTRitional Intervention among myEloproliferative Neoplasms): Feasibility Phase

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 5380-5380
Author(s):  
Laura F. Mendez ◽  
Hellen Nguyen ◽  
Jenny Nguyen ◽  
Alexander Himstead ◽  
Melinda R. Lemm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Intervention Phase ◽  
The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean diet, characterized by increased consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), nuts, legumes, vegetables, fruits, fish, and whole grain products, has proven to be beneficial in diseases where chronic subclinical inflammation plays a key role (Calder et al., 2011). For example, the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study demonstrated that a Mediterranean diet supplemented with EVOO or nuts reduced the incidence of major cardiovascular events (Estruch et. al, 2010). The Mediterranean diet's anti-inflammatory properties are attributed to its richness in phenolic compounds and main nutrients, such as: fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins C and E, and carotenoids (Casas et al., 2017). Overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α is a characteristic feature of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MPN) and correlates with high symptom burden and may also play a role in disease progression (Craver et al., 2018). Therefore, reduction of inflammation at the early stages of disease through low-risk interventions such as diet could lessen symptom burden and potentially blunt disease progression. To date, this nutrition trial will be the first to study the effects of the Mediterranean dietary pattern in MPN patients. To initially assess the feasibility of a Mediterranean diet intervention among MPN patients, we developed a prospective interventional proof-of-concept study of 30 MPN patients randomized (1:1) to either a Mediterranean diet supplemented with EVOO or the United States Dietary Guidelines for Americans (USDA). Inclusion and exclusion criteria are listed in Table 1 and study schematic is shown in Figure 1. The primary endpoint for this study is adherence to a Mediterranean diet with our diet curriculum. Exploratory endpoints include reduction in inflammatory biomarkers, reduction in symptom burden, and change in the gut microbiome. All participants meet once at the start of the intervention period (week 3) with a dietician for one-on-one counseling to educate the participant on the central components of the Mediterranean diet or the US Dietary guidelines and tailor the diet to meet each participant's medical needs and or cultural preferences. Participants are emailed 10 weekly installments of educational materials on their respective diet. At weeks 3 and 9, participants in the Mediterranean diet arm are given 750ml of EVOO and participants in the USDA arm receive a $10 grocery gift card. Six unannounced surveys and 24-hour food recalls are collected throughout the duration of the 15-week study. Conformity with the Mediterranean dietary pattern is assessed by the 14-item Mediterranean diet adherence score. Symptom burden is assessed using the MPN symptom assessment form (MPN-SAF). Four biological sample data points are collected during the 15-week study which includes collection of blood, stool, and urine. Complete blood count, Comprehensive Metabolic Panel, Lipid Panel, hsCRP are measured, and plasma is stored for cytokine analysis. Urine is used to quantify urine total polyphenol excretion. Stool samples are used to measure changes in the gut microbiome with diet. Since opening in October 2018, we have screened 44 potential participants. Four did not meet the inclusion criteria, 8 participants did not respond to initial surveys, and thus, did not progress to the intervention phase and were not randomized. Of the 32 participants who were randomized, 2 withdrew due to family illness. Eighteen participants have completed the 15-week study and 12 participants are currently in the active intervention phase. Demographics of the 30 participants who have completed this study or are currently receiving active intervention are shown in Table 2. In summary, this is a feasibility study to evaluate if MPN patients can adhere to a Mediterranean diet when given written curriculum and verbal counseling, and to explore whether a diet rich in anti-inflammatory properties can improve MPN symptoms. Geography was a limitation for this study, participants who were not in Southern California found it difficult to arrange travel for in-person visits. Patients who self-referred were more responsive and engaged than those recruited from clinic. Subsequent trials will test the impact of diet in a larger group of MPN patients, likely with a remotely administered intervention to obviate the need for travel. Disclosures Scherber: Incyte: Consultancy; Blueprint: Other: Ad board; Gilead: Consultancy. Mesa:Genotech: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Promedior: Research Funding; CTI Biopharma: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Samus: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; La Jolla Pharma: Consultancy; AbbVie: Research Funding; Sierra Onc: Consultancy. Fleischman:incyte: Speakers Bureau.

scholarly journals Food Consumption during Pregnancy and Post-Partum. ECLIPSES Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Jardí ◽  
Estefania Aparicio ◽  
Cristina Bedmar ◽  
Núria Aranda ◽  
Susana Abajo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Post Partum Period

Inadequate maternal diet can adversely affect mother and child. Our aim was to assess adherence to the Spanish dietary guidelines and to the Mediterranean diet, to analyze changes in diet during pregnancy and post-partum, and to identify maternal factors associated with food consumption. A total of 793 healthy pregnant women were recruited during the first prenatal visit and followed until the post-partum period. Data from the clinical history, anthropometric measurements, and lifestyle habits were collected. Food consumption was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire. The results show that in pregnant women the consumption of healthy foods did not meet recommendations, whereas consumption of red and processed meat and sweet food exceeded recommendations. The results also show a medium adherence to the Mediterranean diet that remained unchanged throughout pregnancy. A significant decrease was observed in the consumption of fruits, followed by vegetables and then salted and sweet cereals from pregnancy to post-partum. A better adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been reported by pregnant women that are older, of higher social class, and higher education level, and who do not smoke nor drink (p < 0.005). In conclusion, the diet of pregnant women from Spain departs from recommendations, medium adherence to the Mediterranean diet was maintained throughout the pregnancy and post-partum, and a decreasing consumption of healthy food from the first trimester to the post-partum period was observed. Maternal factors such as age, social class, education, and smoking influence diet quality.

scholarly journals Effects of the Mediterranean Lifestyle During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain: Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Zaragoza-Martí ◽  
Miriam Sánchez-SanSegundo ◽  
Rosario Ferrer-Cascales ◽  
Eva Maria Gabaldón-Bravo ◽  
Ana Laguna-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mediterranean

We aim to assess the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean style-diet before and after the period of confinement due to COVID-19 in a sample of 51 older patients who were part of a clinical trial of the Instituto de Investigación sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL, CEIM). Participants were randomly assigned to two conditions: experimental vs. a control group. A pre-test survey assessment was conducted before confinement, while a post-test survey was conducted after the confinement period. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and nutritional status were evaluated through self-reported questionnaires. Individuals who initiated the Mediterranean Diet intervention program before confinement increased 3.5% their level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and maintained their nutritional status after the confinement. In the case of BMI, there no were statistically significant differences between groups before and after confinement. These results suggest that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet may play an important role in the establishment of appropriate dietary guidelines in confinement situations such as the COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Mediterranean Diet in the Stroke Belt: A Cross-Sectional Study on Adherence and Perceived Knowledge, Barriers, and Benefits

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline J. Knight ◽  
Olivia Jackson ◽  
Imran Rahman ◽  
Donna O. Burnett ◽  
Andrew D. Frugé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Perceived Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Stroke Belt ◽  
The U.S

The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is recommended by the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans, yet little is known about the perceived barriers and benefits to the diet in the U.S., particularly in the Stroke Belt (SB). Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine MedDiet adherence and perceived knowledge, benefits, and barriers to the MedDiet in the U.S. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1447 participants in the U.S., and responses were sorted into geographic groups: the SB, California (CA), and all other US states (OtherUS). Linear models and multivariable linear regression analysis was used for data analysis. Convenience, sensory factors, and health were greater barriers to the MedDiet in the SB group, but not the OtherUS group (p < 0.05). Weight loss was considered a benefit of the MedDiet in the SB (p < 0.05), while price and familiarity were found to be less of a benefit (p < 0.05). Respondents with a bachelor’s degree or greater education had greater total MEDAS scores (p < 0.05) and obese participants had a lower MedDiet adherence score (p < 0.05). Our results identify key barriers and benefits of the MedDiet in the SB which can inform targeted MedDiet intervention studies.

scholarly journals Updating the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid towards Sustainability: Focus on Environmental Concerns

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8758
Author(s):  
Lluís Serra-Majem ◽  
Laura Tomaino ◽  
Sandro Dernini ◽  
Elliot M. Berry ◽  
Denis Lairon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Locally Grown ◽  
Ecological Pressure

Background: Nowadays the food production, supply and consumption chain represent a major cause of ecological pressure on the natural environment, and diet links worldwide human health with environmental sustainability. Food policy, dietary guidelines and food security strategies need to evolve from the limited historical approach, mainly focused on nutrients and health, to a new one considering the environmental, socio-economic and cultural impact—and thus the sustainability—of diets. Objective: To present an updated version of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid (MDP) to reflect multiple environmental concerns. Methods: We performed a revision and restructuring of the MDP to incorporate more recent findings on the sustainability and environmental impact of the Mediterranean Diet pattern, as well as its associations with nutrition and health. For each level of the MDP we provided a third dimension featuring the corresponding environmental aspects related to it. Conclusions: The new environmental dimension of the MDP enhances food intake recommendations addressing both health and environmental issues. Compared to the previous 2011 version, it emphasizes more strongly a lower consumption of red meat and bovine dairy products, and a higher consumption of legumes and locally grown eco-friendly plant foods as much as possible.

scholarly journals Better diet quality scores are associated with a lower risk of hypertension and non-fatal CVD in middle-aged Australian women over 15 years of follow-up

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacklyn K Jackson ◽  
Lesley K MacDonald-Wicks ◽  
Mark A McEvoy ◽  
Peta M Forder ◽  
Carl Holder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Adherence To Diet ◽  
Nutrition Policies ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Evidenced Based

AbstractObjective:To explore if better diet quality scores as a measure of adherence to the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) and the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) are associated with a lower incidence of hypertension and non-fatal CVD.Design:Prospective analysis of the 1946–1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH). The Australian Recommended Foods Score (ARFS) was calculated as an indicator of adherence to the ADG; the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) measured adherence to the MedDiet. Outcomes included hypertension and non-fatal CVD. Generalised estimating equations estimated OR and 95 % CI across quartiles of diet quality scores.Setting:Australia, 2001–2016.Participants:1946–1951 cohort of the ALSWH (n 5324), without CVD, hypertension and diabetes at baseline (2001), with complete FFQ data.Results:There were 1342 new cases of hypertension and 629 new cases of non-fatal CVD over 15 years of follow-up. Multivariate analysis indicated that women reporting better adherence to the ARFS (≥38/74) had 15 % (95 % CI 1, 28 %; P = 0·05) lower odds of hypertension and 46 % (95 % CI 6, 66 %; P = 0·1) lower odds of non-fatal CVD. Women reporting better adherence to the MDS (≥8/17) had 27 % (95 % CI 15, 47 %; P = 0·0006) lower odds of hypertension and 30 % (95 % CI 2, 50 %; P = 0·03) lower odds of non-fatal CVD.Conclusions:Better adherence to diet quality scores is associated with lower risk of hypertension and non-fatal CVD. These results support the need for updated evidenced based on the ADG as well as public health nutrition policies in Australia.

Homocysteine Levels Show Significant Differences among Mediterranean Dietary Quality Index Variables Compared to Folate and Vitamin B12 Status in Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivona Višekruna ◽  
Ivana Rumbak ◽  
Ivana Rumora Samarin ◽  
Irena Keser ◽  
Jasmina Ranilović
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Results of epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have shown that subjects following the Mediterranean diet had lower inflammatory markers such as homocysteine (Hcy). Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess female diet quality with the Mediterranean diet quality index (MDQI) and to determine the correlation between MDQI, homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 levels in the blood. The study participants were 237 apparently healthy women (96 of reproductive age and 141 postmenopausal) between 25 and 93 years. For each participant, 24-hour dietary recalls for 3 days were collected, MDQI was calculated, and plasma Hcy, serum and erythrocyte folate and vitamin B12 levels were analysed. Total MDQI ranged from 8 to 10 points, which represented a medium-poor diet for the subjects. The strength of correlation using biomarkers, regardless of group type, age, gender and other measured parameters, was ranked from best (0.11) to worst (0.52) for olive oil, fish, fruits and vegetables, grains, and meat, in this order. Hcy levels showed the best response among all markers across all groups and food types. Our study shows significant differences between variables of the MDQI and Hcy levels compared to levels of folate and vitamin B12 in participants with medium-poor diet quality, as evaluated according to MDQI scores.

The Mediterranean Diet and Two-Year Changes in Cognitive Function in Puerto Rican Adults With vs. Without Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 192-LB
Author(s):  
JOSIEMER MATTEI ◽  
SHERMAN J. BIGORNIA ◽  
MERCEDES SOTOS-PRIETO ◽  
TAMMY SCOTT ◽  
XIANG GAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
The Mediterranean
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