Chemotherapy Regimens in the Adjuvant and Advanced Disease Settings

Breast Cancer ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 569-576
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Hart ◽  
Laura Biganzoli ◽  
Angelo Di Leo
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Disease

Phyto extracts of Carica papaya and Tinospora cordifolia can correct thrombocytopenia in alcoholic decompensate liver cirrhosis : Case Series

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Panda
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Leaf Juice

Thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 150 × 109/L) is a frequent complication of decompensate cirrhosis and is considered as an indicator of advanced disease. Carica papaya leaf juice has beneficial effect in thrombocytopenia associated with dengue. Tinospora cordifolia has been shown to prevent the fibrous tissue deposition of liver by modulation of kupffer cell activation. An attempt was taken to observe the usefulness of extract Carica papaya and Tinospora cordifolia in alcoholic decompensate cirrhosis. A market available product Cariden is easily available to the patients which contains Phyto extracts of Carica papaya 1100mg and Tinospora cordifolia 500mg. Phyto extracts of Carica papaya and Tinospora cordifolia can enhance the platelet count within 15 days and it can normalise the platelet within 90 days of therapy in all three cases. Further randomised control trial is suggested.

Prostate Cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Wilson ◽  
Lorelei Mucci
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Increased Risk

Prostate cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed cancers among men, ranking second in cancer globally and first in Western countries. There are marked variations in incidence globally, and its incidence must be interpreted in the context of diagnostic intensity and screening. The uptake of prostate-specific antigen screening since the 1990s has led to dramatic increases in incidence in many countries, resulting in an increased proportion of indolent cancers that would never have come to light clinically in the absence of screening. Risk factors differ when studying prostate cancer overall versus advanced disease. Older age, African ancestry, and family history are established risk factors for prostate cancer. Obesity and smoking are not associated with risk overall, but are associated with increased risk of advanced prostate cancer. Several additional lifestyle factors, medications, and dietary factors are now emerging as risk factors for advanced disease.

Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of depression in advanced disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hotopf
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Palliative Care Services ◽  
Key Issues

Depression in palliative care is common, under-recognised and has significant impacts for sufferers. There are effective treatments but often a shortage of staff to provide them. This chapter sets out a number of key issues to consider when assessing and treating individual patients and considers the way in which palliative care services can innovate to provide a population level response to depression. Palliative care staff can be trained to deliver basic depression care and follow simple protocols to initiate, monitor and adjust antidepressant treatment. These approaches have been tested in trials in cancer care but the challenge is to take these approaches from research trials conducted in centres of excellence with good resources, to other settings.

scholarly journals Interhospital referral of colorectal cancer patients: a Dutch population-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Warps ◽  
◽  
M. P. M. de Neree tot Babberich ◽  
E. Dekker ◽  
M. W. J. M. Wouters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Abstract Purpose Interhospital referral is a consequence of centralization of complex oncological care but might negatively impact waiting time, a quality indicator in the Netherlands. This study aims to evaluate characteristics and waiting times of patients with primary colorectal cancer who are referred between hospitals. Methods Data were extracted from the Dutch ColoRectal Audit (2015-2019). Waiting time between first tumor-positive biopsy until first treatment was compared between subgroups stratified for referral status, disease stage, and type of hospital. Results In total, 46,561 patients were included. Patients treated for colon or rectal cancer in secondary care hospitals were referred in 12.2% and 14.7%, respectively. In tertiary care hospitals, corresponding referral rates were 43.8% and 66.4%. Referred patients in tertiary care hospitals were younger, but had a more advanced disease stage, and underwent more often multivisceral resection and simultaneous metastasectomy than non-referred patients in secondary care hospitals (p<0.001). Referred patients were more often treated within national quality standards for waiting time compared to non-referred patients (p<0.001). For referred patients, longer waiting times prior to MDT were observed compared to non-referred patients within each hospital type, although most time was spent post-MDT. Conclusion A large proportion of colorectal cancer patients that are treated in tertiary care hospitals are referred from another hospital but mostly treated within standards for waiting time. These patients are younger but often have a more advanced disease. This suggests that these patients are willing to travel more but also reflects successful centralization of complex oncological patients in the Netherlands.

scholarly journals Mucosal Challenge Ferret Models of Ebola Virus Disease

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Trevor Brasel ◽  
Jason E. Comer ◽  
Shane Massey ◽  
Jeanon Smith ◽  
Jennifer Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Intranasal Administration ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Small Animal Model ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Mustela Putorius

Recent studies have shown the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) to be a promising small animal model for the study of Ebola virus (EBOV) disease and medical countermeasure evaluation. To date, most studies have focused on traditional challenge routes, predominantly intramuscular and intranasal administration. Here, we present results from a non-clinical pathogenicity study examining oronasal, oral, and ocular mucosal challenge routes in ferrets. Animals were challenged with 1, 10, or 100 plaque forming units EBOV followed by monitoring of disease progression and biosampling. Ferrets administered virus via oronasal and oral routes met euthanasia criteria due to advanced disease 5–10 days post-challenge. Conversely, all ferrets dosed via the ocular route survived until the scheduled study termination 28-day post-challenge. In animals that succumbed to disease, a dose/route response was not observed; increases in disease severity, febrile responses, serum and tissue viral load, alterations in clinical pathology, and gross/histopathology findings were similar between subjects. Disease progression in ferrets challenged via ocular administration was unremarkable throughout the study period. Results from this study further support the ferret as a model for EBOV disease following oral and nasal mucosa exposure.

scholarly journals Loss of cIAP1 in Endothelial Cells Limits Metastatic Extravasation through Tumor-Derived Lymphotoxin Alpha

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Lazaros Vasilikos ◽  
Kay Hänggi ◽  
Lisanne M. Spilgies ◽  
Samanta Kisele ◽  
Stefanie Rufli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Stromal Compartment ◽  
Tumor Load ◽  
Smac Mimetics ◽  
Advanced Disease Stage ◽  
Lymphotoxin Alpha ◽  
Open Question

In this study, we determined whether Smac mimetics play a role in metastasis, specifically in circulation, tumor extravasation and growth in a metastatic site. Reports suggest inducing the degradation of IAPs through use of Smac mimetics, alters the ability of the tumor cell to metastasize. However, a role for the immune or stromal compartment in affecting the ability of tumor cells to metastasize upon loss of IAPs has not been defined. To address this open question, we utilized syngeneic tumor models in a late-stage model of metastasis. Loss of cIAP1 in the endothelial compartment, rather than depletion of cIAP2 or absence of cIAP1 in the hematopoietic compartment, caused reduction of tumor load in the lung. Our results underline the involvement of the endothelium in hindering tumor cell extravasation upon loss of cIAP1, in contrast to the immune compartment. Endothelial specific depletion of cIAP1 did not lead to cell death but resulted in an unresponsive endothelium barrier to permeability factors causing a decrease in tumor cell extravasation. Surprisingly, lymphotoxin alpha (LTA), and not TNF, secreted by the tumor cells, was critical for the extravasation. Using TCGA, we found high LTA mRNA expression correlated with decreased survival in kidney carcinoma and associated with advanced disease stage. Our data suggest that Smac mimetics, targeting cIAP1/2, reduce metastasis to the lung by inhibiting tumor cell extravasation.

scholarly journals Clock/Sleep-Dependent Learning and Memory in Male 3xTg-AD Mice at Advanced Disease Stages and Extrinsic Effects of Huprine X and the Novel Multitarget Agent AVCRI104P3

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Lydia Giménez-Llort ◽  
Mikel Santana-Santana ◽  
Míriam Ratia ◽  
Belén Pérez ◽  
Pelayo Camps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Drug Effectiveness ◽  
Dependent Learning ◽  
Disease Stages

A new hypothesis highlights sleep-dependent learning/memory consolidation and regards the sleep-wake cycle as a modulator of β-amyloid and tau Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathologies. Sundowning behavior is a common neuropsychiatric symptom (NPS) associated with dementia. Sleep fragmentation resulting from disturbances in sleep and circadian rhythms in AD may have important consequences on memory processes and exacerbate the other AD-NPS. The present work studied the effect of training time schedules on 12-month-old male 3xTg-AD mice modeling advanced disease stages. Their performance in two paradigms of the Morris water maze for spatial-reference and visual-perceptual learning and memory were found impaired at midday, after 4 h of non-active phase. In contrast, early-morning trained littermates, slowing down from their active phase, exhibited better performance and used goal-directed strategies and non-search navigation described for normal aging. The novel multitarget anticholinesterasic compound AVCRI104P3 (0.6 µmol·kg−1, 21 days i.p.) exerted stronger cognitive benefits than its in vitro equipotent dose of AChEI huprine X (0.12 μmol·kg−1, 21 days i.p.). Both compounds showed streamlined drug effectiveness, independently of the schedule. Their effects on anxiety-like behaviors were moderate. The results open a question of how time schedules modulate the capacity to respond to task demands and to assess/elucidate new drug effectiveness.

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