Cretaceous Orogeny and Marine Transgression in the Southern Central and Northern Patagonian Andes: Aftermath of a Large-Scale Flat-Subduction Event?

2018 ◽  
pp. 291-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido M. Gianni ◽  
Andrés Echaurren ◽  
Lucas Fennell ◽  
César R. Navarrete ◽  
Paulo Quezada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Marine Transgression ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Patagonian Andes

Tertiary tectonics of the sub-Andean region of the North Patagonian Andes, southern central Andes of Argentina (41–42°30′S)

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl E. Giacosa ◽  
Juan C. Afonso ◽  
Nemesio Heredia C. ◽  
José Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Central Andes ◽  
Andean Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Patagonian Andes

An Empire in the Tropics, 1808–1821: A Historiographical Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Baptista Bicalho ◽  
Iara Lis Franco Schiavinatto
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Constitutional Politics ◽  
Portuguese Empire ◽  
The Press ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

The Portuguese Empire in the tropics, established in Rio de Janeiro, the political center of Portuguese America between 1808 and 1821, was characterized by a government in flux, dealing with a revolutionary Atlantic, an immediate result of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic invasions. This was a period of instability and transition. Studies from the perspective of political culture analysis have demonstrated the strength of enlightened ideas, the reformist strategy of the Portuguese monarchy in the reorganization of its overseas empire, and the regimentation of Luso-Brazilian elites since the 1780s and 1790s. After 1808, the association of interests between those born in Brazil and those from Portugal benefited from King João’s policy to distribute lands, offices, privileges, and mercês (favours). The process of the interiorization of the metropole in Southern Central Portuguese America corresponded with the interests of the Luso-Brazilian elites around the city of Rio de Janeiro, who expanded their political projects toward other regions of Brazil. In Pernambuco, by contrast, the 1817 insurrection and the republican choice of its leaders explained the fracturing of the empire and monarchical authority. Revisiting debates about the empire in the tropics—including in the press that emerged following the establishment of the court of Rio de Janeiro—implies rethinking the dynamics of the reconfiguration and apprehension of the territories and their geopolitics, thinking about heterogeneous temporalities, and investigating the transit of people on a large scale across the world, the increase in black slave traffic, and forms of compulsory labor. These dynamics were the subject of innovative studies during the bicentenary of the transfer of the court, providing details of the unprecedented experience of a European king in the Americas. In 2008, many academic, cultural, and artistic events were held, and numerous books, collections, and catalogues were published, fruit of a dialogue between Brazilian and Portuguese historians. Among these were the publication of biographies, correspondence, and studies of scientists and artists who were in the court in Rio de Janeiro and who traveled through Brazil from north to south at the beginning of the 19th century. Furthermore, the project of civility in the tropics helped gestate liberal constitutional politics and a limit on the Joanino government in relation to the forms of reappropriation of the revolutionary ideal. Thus, the court in exile was an important element of the redefinition of the autonomization process in Brazil in the 1820s.

Comparison of the Circulation Anomalies Associated with Wet and Dry Extreme Heat in South Korea and Southern–Central Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-54
Author(s):  
Ke Xu ◽  
Riyu Lu ◽  
Ying Na ◽  
Baek-Jo Kim ◽  
Jiangyu Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Type A ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Type B ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Southern Central

AbstractThis study indicates a significant variation of humidity on extreme heat (EH) days over South Korea and southern–central Japan during the period 1979–2018. EH is therefore classified into three categories: type-A and type-B wet EH, and dry EH. Their statistical characteristics and formation mechanisms are investigated and compared. Our results suggest that the type-A wet EH is the most destructive, with the highest intensity, longest duration and broadest spatial scale covering most of mid-latitude East Asia. By contrast, type-B wet EH and dry EH are weaker, shorter and mostly confined to northeast Asia. Despite these differences in characteristics, both types of wet EH are caused by the poleward advance of tropical warm and humid air masses as a result of the northward displacement of the Asian westerly jet. By contrast, dry EH is primarily induced by an increase in adiabatic heating and solar radiation resulting from anomalous subsidence.The three types of EH are associated with distinct large-scale teleconnections over Eurasia. A stable and persistent tripole wave pattern is responsible for type-A wet EH. The activity of atmospheric blocking over northern Europe, where the pattern originates, plays a crucial role in maintaining this pattern. By contrast, type-B wet EH and dry EH are related to a quadruple pattern and a Silk Road pattern-like teleconnection, respectively, both lasting for a shorter time. These results highlight the diversity of EH, which suggests that multiple local and large-scale circulations should be considered to improve the forecast skills for EH.

Contrasting Fe-Ca distributions and related microtextures in syenite alkali feldspar from the Patagonian Andes, Chile

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nakano ◽  
J. Akai ◽  
N. Shimobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Bulk Composition ◽  
Alkali Feldspar ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Quartz Syenite ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Patagonian Andes

AbstractContrasting distribution patterns of Fe and Ca have been found by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) mapping of alkali feldspar in a quartz syenite from the Patagonian Andes, Chile. They comprise mainly mantle zoning (Fe-rich, Ca-poor rims and Fe-poor, Ca-rich interiors) and corresponding patchy zoning in grain interiors. The rims are dominantly of turbid, patch microperthites associated with abundant micropores, but there remain clear, optically featureless regions almost free of micropores. The interiors are intricate mixtures of optically clear, featureless regions, and turbid, patch microperthite regions. The clear, featureless regions (Or31 –47) are of remaining exsolution lamellar cryptoperthites. The zoning patterns of Fe and Ca formed by large-scale transport over the feldspar grain during the high-temperature fluid stage. They have been modified by successive transport of Fe and Ca during the later hydrothermal development of patch microperthites and finally by K-feldspathization and albitization. Cathodoluminescence images correspond to the spatial distribution patterns of Fe overprinted by these multi-stage reactions. The original composition of the alkali feldspar before the subsolidus reactions is estimated to have been ~Or34Ab65An1, and the present bulk composition after the reactions is Or40Ab59An0.5.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Summertime Low-Level Winds Simulated by MM5 in the Central Valley of California

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 2230-2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara A. Michelson ◽  
Irina V. Djalalova ◽  
Jian-Wen Bao
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
State University ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
And Control

Abstract A season-long set of 5-day simulations between 1200 UTC 1 June and 1200 UTC 30 September 2000 are evaluated using the observations taken during the Central California Ozone Study (CCOS) 2000 experiment. The simulations are carried out using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), which is widely used for air-quality simulations and control planning. The evaluation results strongly indicate that the model-simulated low-level winds in California’s Central Valley are biased in speed and direction: the simulated winds tend to have a stronger northwesterly component than observed. This bias is related to the difference in the observed and simulated large-scale, upper-level flows. The model simulations also show a bias in the height of the daytime atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), particularly in the northern and southern Central Valley. There is evidence to suggest that this bias in the daytime ABL height is not only associated with the large-scale, upper-level bias but also linked to apparent differences in the surface forcing.

scholarly journals Atmospheric circulation types and extreme areal precipitation in southern central Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jucundus Jacobeit ◽  
Markus Homann ◽  
Andreas Philipp ◽  
Christoph Beck
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Rainfall Time Series ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Southern Central

Abstract. Gridded daily rainfall data for southern central Europe are aggregated to regions of similar precipitation variability by means of S-mode principal component analyses separately for the meteorological seasons. Atmospheric circulation types (CTs) are derived by a particular clustering technique including large-scale fields of SLP, vertical wind and relative humidity at the 700 hPa level as well as the regional rainfall time series. Multiple regression models with monthly CT frequencies as predictors are derived for monthly frequencies and amounts of regional precipitation extremes (beyond the 95 % percentile). Using predictor output from different global climate models (ECHAM6, ECHAM5, EC-EARTH) for different scenarios (RCP4.5, RCP8.5, A1B) and two projection periods (2021–2050, 2071–2100) leads to assessments of future changes in regional precipitation extremes. Most distinctive changes are indicated for the summer season with mainly increasing extremes for the earlier period and widespread decreasing extremes towards the end of the 21st century, mostly for the strong scenario. Considerable uncertainties arise from the predictor use of different global climate models, especially during the winter and spring seasons.

Cenozoic arc-related magmatism in the southern Central and North Patagonian Andes

2019 ◽  
pp. 573-607
Author(s):  
Vanesa D. Litvak ◽  
Lucía Fernández Paz ◽  
Sofía Iannelli ◽  
Stella Poma ◽  
Andrés Folguera
Keyword(s):  
Southern Central ◽  
Patagonian Andes

scholarly journals Paleo-modeling of coastal saltwater intrusion during the Holocene: an application to the Netherlands

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3891-3905 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Delsman ◽  
K. R. M. Hu-a-ng ◽  
P. C. Vos ◽  
P. G. B. de Louw ◽  
G. H. P. Oude Essink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Coastal Aquifers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Groundwater Salinity ◽  
Salinity Distribution ◽  
Marine Transgression ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Coastal Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Composition

Abstract. Coastal groundwater reserves often reflect a complex evolution of marine transgressions and regressions, and are only rarely in equilibrium with current boundary conditions. Understanding and managing the present-day distribution and future development of these reserves and their hydrochemical characteristics therefore requires insight into their complex evolution history. In this paper, we construct a paleo-hydrogeological model, together with groundwater age and origin calculations, to simulate, study and evaluate the evolution of groundwater salinity in the coastal area of the Netherlands throughout the last 8.5 kyr of the Holocene. While intended as a conceptual tool, confidence in our model results is warranted by a good correspondence with a hydrochemical characterization of groundwater origin. Throughout the modeled period, coastal groundwater distribution never reached equilibrium with contemporaneous boundary conditions. This result highlights the importance of historically changing boundary conditions in shaping the present-day distribution of groundwater and its chemical composition. As such, it acts as a warning against the common use of a steady-state situation given present-day boundary conditions to initialize groundwater transport modeling in complex coastal aquifers or, more general, against explaining existing groundwater composition patterns from the currently existing flow situation. The importance of historical boundary conditions not only holds true for the effects of the large-scale marine transgression around 5 kyr BC that thoroughly reworked groundwater composition, but also for the more local effects of a temporary gaining river system still recognizable today. Model results further attest to the impact of groundwater density differences on coastal groundwater flow on millennial timescales and highlight their importance in shaping today's groundwater salinity distribution. We found free convection to drive large-scale fingered infiltration of seawater to depths of 200 m within decades after a marine transgression, displacing the originally present groundwater upwards. Subsequent infiltration of fresh meteoric water was, in contrast, hampered by the existing density gradient. We observed discontinuous aquitards to exert a significant control on infiltration patterns and the resulting evolution of groundwater salinity. Finally, adding to a long-term scientific debate on the origins of groundwater salinity in Dutch coastal aquifers, our modeling results suggest a more significant role of pre-Holocene groundwater in the present-day groundwater salinity distribution in the Netherlands than previously recognized. Though conceptual, comprehensively modeling the Holocene evolution of groundwater salinity, age and origin offered a unique view on the complex processes shaping groundwater in coastal aquifers over millennial timescales.

The Transitional Zone Between the Southern Central and Northern Patagonian Andes (36–39°S)

2015 ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Agustín Rojas Vera ◽  
Darío L. Orts ◽  
Andrés Folguera ◽  
Gonzalo Zamora Valcarce ◽  
Germán Bottesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Patagonian Andes

scholarly journals Streamflow variations across the Andes (18°–55°S) during the instrumental era

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Masiokas ◽  
L. Cara ◽  
R. Villalba ◽  
P. Pitte ◽  
B. H. Luckman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Coherence ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Southern Andes ◽  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
New Information ◽  
Atmospheric Forcings ◽  
Patagonian Andes

AbstractThe rivers originating in the southern Andes (18°–55°S) support numerous ecosystems and a large number of human populations and socio-economic activities in the adjacent lowlands of Chile, Argentina and Bolivia. Here we show that ca. 75% of the total variance in the streamflow records from this extensive region can be explained by only eight spatially coherent patterns of variability. Five (three) of these Andean patterns exhibit extreme dry (wet) conditions in recent years, with strong interannual variations in northern Chile; long-term drying trends between 31° and 41°S; a transitional pattern in the central Patagonian Andes; and increasing trends in northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia, the Fueguian Andes, and the eastern portion of the South Patagonian Icefield. Multivariate regression analyses show that large-scale indices of ENSO variability can predict 20% to 45% of annual runoff variability between 28° and 46°S. The influence of Antarctic and North Pacific indices becomes more relevant south of 43°S and in northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia, respectively, but their overall skill as predictors of Andean streamflows is weak. The analyses provide relevant new information to improve understanding of the spatial coherence, the main temporal features, and the ocean-atmospheric forcings of surface runoff across the southern Andes.

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