Radar Interferometry for Early Stage Warning on Monuments at Risk

2013 ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deodato Tapete ◽  
Nicola Casagli ◽  
Riccardo Fanti
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Radar Interferometry

scholarly journals The APAC Score: A Novel and Highly Performant Serological Tool for Early Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3392
Author(s):  
Joeri Lambrecht ◽  
Mustafa Porsch-Özçürümez ◽  
Jan Best ◽  
Fabian Jost-Brinkmann ◽  
Christoph Roderburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Scoring Tool

(1) Background: Surveillance of at-risk patients for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly necessary, as curative treatment options are only feasible in early disease stages. However, to date, screening of patients with liver cirrhosis for HCC mostly relies on suboptimal ultrasound-mediated evaluation and α-fetoprotein (AFP) measurement. Therefore, we sought to develop a novel and blood-based scoring tool for the identification of early-stage HCC. (2) Methods: Serum samples from 267 patients with liver cirrhosis, including 122 patients with HCC and 145 without, were collected. Expression levels of soluble platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (sPDGFRβ) and routine clinical parameters were evaluated, and then utilized in logistic regression analysis. (3) Results: We developed a novel serological scoring tool, the APAC score, consisting of the parameters age, sPDGFRβ, AFP, and creatinine, which identified patients with HCC in a cirrhotic population with an AUC of 0.9503, which was significantly better than the GALAD score (AUC: 0.9000, p = 0.0031). Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of the APAC score was independent of disease etiology, including alcohol (AUC: 0.9317), viral infection (AUC: 0.9561), and NAFLD (AUC: 0.9545). For the detection of patients with (very) early (BCLC 0/A) HCC stage or within Milan criteria, the APAC score achieved an AUC of 0.9317 (sensitivity: 85.2%, specificity: 89.2%) and 0.9488 (sensitivity: 91.1%, specificity 85.3%), respectively. (4) Conclusions: The APAC score is a novel and highly accurate serological tool for the identification of HCC, especially for early stages. It is superior to the currently proposed blood-based algorithms, and has the potential to improve surveillance of the at-risk population.

Prognostic Molecular Assay Might Improve Identification of Patients At Risk for Recurrence in Early-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavitt A. Woodard ◽  
Matthew A. Gubens ◽  
Thierry M. Jahan ◽  
Kirk D. Jones ◽  
Jasleen Kukreja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Molecular Assay ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Patients At Risk

scholarly journals Gene expression profiling and molecular pathway analysis for the identification of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients at risk for early recurrence

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1902-1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
HISASHI SAJI ◽  
MASAHIRO TSUBOI ◽  
YOSHIHISA SHIMADA ◽  
YASUFUMI KATO ◽  
WAKAKO HAMANAKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Gene Expression Profiling ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Recurrence ◽  
Molecular Pathway ◽  
Patients At Risk

scholarly journals Development and Implementation of Proton Therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma: Challenges and Perspectives

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3744
Author(s):  
Pierre Loap ◽  
Ludovic De Marzi ◽  
Alfredo Mirandola ◽  
Remi Dendale ◽  
Alberto Iannalfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Increased Risk

Consolidative radiation therapy for early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) improves progression-free survival. Unfortunately, first-generation techniques, relying on large irradiation fields, were associated with an increased risk of secondary cancers, and of cardiac and lung toxicity. Fortunately, the use of smaller target volumes combined with technological advances in treatment techniques currently allows efficient organs-at-risk sparing without altering tumoral control. Recently, proton therapy has been evaluated for mediastinal HL treatment due to its potential to significantly reduce the dose to organs-at-risk, such as cardiac substructures. This is expected to limit late radiation-induced toxicity and possibly, second-neoplasm risk, compared with last-generation intensity-modulated radiation therapy. However, the democratization of this new technique faces multiple issues. Determination of which patient may benefit the most from proton therapy is subject to intense debate. The development of new effective systemic chemotherapy and organizational, societal, and political considerations might represent impediments to the larger-scale implementation of HL proton therapy. Based on the current literature, this critical review aims to discuss current challenges and controversies that may impede the larger-scale implementation of mediastinal HL proton therapy.

Algorithm for blood-based panel of methylated DNA and protein markers to detect early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma with high specificity.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4577-4577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naga P. Chalasani ◽  
Abhik Bhattacharya ◽  
Adam Book ◽  
Brenda Neis ◽  
Kong Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Methylated Dna ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

4577 Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Though biannual ultrasound surveillance with or without alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) testing is recommended for at-risk patients, its sensitivity for early-stage HCC detection is suboptimal. We therefore evaluated performance of a biomarker panel incorporating methylated DNA markers (MDMs) and proteins for early HCC detection in at-risk patients with chronic liver disease. Methods: In an international, multicenter, case-control study, blood specimens were collected from patients with HCC per AASLD criteria and controls matched for age and liver disease etiology. All patients had underlying cirrhosis or chronic HBV infection. Whole blood was collected in cell-free DNA stabilizing and serum-separation tubes and shipped to a central laboratory for processing. The levels of 5 MDMs, AFP, and AFP-L3 were assessed along with age and sex. We used 537 samples in a 5-fold validation for developing a LASSO regression algorithm to classify samples as HCC positive or negative. Model robustness was tested by perturbing the data in silico and analyzing results with the predictive algorithm. Algorithm performance was compared to AFP alone and the GALAD score (Gender, Age, AFP-L3, AFP, and DCP). Results: The study included 136 HCC cases (81 early-stage—BCLC stage 0/A) and 401 controls. With specificity set at 89%, we developed a model using sex, AFP, and 3 MDMs (HOXA1, TSPYL5, B3GALT6) with higher sensitivity (70%) for early-stage HCC compared to GALAD (54%) or AFP (31% at 20 ng/mL or 52% at ≥7.7 ng/mL) (Table). The AUC for the HCC marker panel was 0.91 (95% CI 0.89 – 0.94) compared to GALAD (0.88; 95% CI 0.85 – 0.91) or AFP (0.84; 95% CI 0.81 – 0.87). The panel performed similarly in viral (AUC = 0.94) and non-viral (AUC = 0.89) etiologies. Conclusions: The robust algorithm based on novel blood-based biomarkers presented here provides higher sensitivity for early-stage HCC compared to other available blood-based biomarkers and, therefore, could significantly impact HCC clinical management and patient outcomes. Further clinical studies to validate the algorithm are ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03628651 . [Table: see text]

Oral and Blood Neutrophil Activation States during Experimental Gingivitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Wellappuli ◽  
N. Fine ◽  
H.P. Lawrence ◽  
M. Goldberg ◽  
H.C. Tenenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Experimental Gingivitis

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the primary leukocytes present in the healthy and inflamed oral cavity. While unique PMN activation states have been shown to differentiate health and periodontitis, little is known about the changes in PMN activation states that occur during the transition from periodontal health to gingivitis. The objective of this study was to characterize oral and circulatory PMNs during induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis. Healthy volunteers were recruited to undergo experimental gingivitis. Clinical assessment of pocket depths, bleeding on probing, gingival index, and plaque index, as well as flow cytometric analysis of CD (cluster of differentiation) activation markers on blood and oral PMNs, was performed weekly. All clinical parameters increased significantly during the induction period and returned to baseline levels during the resolution phase. During the induction phase, while oral PMN counts increased, oral PMN activation state based on surface expression of CD63, CD11b, CD16, and CD14 was diminished compared to those seen in health and during the resolution phase. PMNs in circulation during onset showed increased activation based on CD55, CD63, CD11b, and CD66a. Using clinical parameters and oral PMN counts assessed at day 21, we noted 2 unique disease patterns where one-third of subjects displayed an exaggerated influx of oral PMNs with severe inflammation compared to the majority of the population who experienced a moderate level of inflammation and PMN influx. This supports the notion that PMN influx and severe inflammatory changes during gingivitis could identify subjects at risk for the development of severe gingival inflammation and progression toward destructive periodontitis. This study demonstrates that oral PMN activation states are reduced in gingivitis and suggest that only in periodontitis do PMNs become hyperactivated and tissue damaging. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Our article creates a paradigm for future studies of the evolution of essential oral and circulatory biomarkers to identify individuals at risk to develop periodontitis at an early stage of periodontal disease, which is reversible upon proper oral hygiene practices and dental treatments.

Two Psychological Defenses of Hobbes’s Claim Against the “Fool”

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Robson
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Political Obligation ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Psychological Defenses ◽  
Statistical Risk

A striking feature of Thomas Hobbes’s account of political obligation is his discussion of the Fool, who thinks it reasonable to adopt a policy of selective, self-interested covenant breaking. Surprisingly, scholars have paid little attention to the potential of a psychological defense of Hobbes’s controversial claim that the Fool behaves irrationally. In this paper, I first describe Hobbes’s account of the Fool and argue that the kind of Fool most worth considering is the covert, long-term Fool. Then I advance and critically assess two psychological arguments according to which the Fool’s policy of self-interested covenant breaking is prudentially irrational. The first argument holds that, taken together, the deep guilt from early-stage covenant breaking, the cumulative guilt from continued covenant breaking, and the high statistical risk of detection during high-volume covenant breaking (which increases greatly when one is desensitized to guilt) render the Fool’s policy irrational. The second argument holds that the Fool’s policy is irrational because it puts him at risk of adopting a psychologically intolerable view of his fellow covenanters and, specifically, the extent to which they can be trusted.

scholarly journals Assessment of Radiation Doses Delivered to Organs at Risk Among Patients With Early-Stage Favorable Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated With Contemporary Radiation Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. e2013935
Author(s):  
Chelsea C. Pinnix ◽  
Jillian R. Gunther ◽  
Penny Fang ◽  
Mikaela E Bankston ◽  
Sarah A. Milgrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
Radiation Doses

Blood spot screening programme for newborns

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Peate
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Blood Spot

The blood spot screening programme for newborns allows potentially harmful diseases to be identified at a very early stage prior to any significant damage being done. This article offers an overview of the blood spot screening programmes offered by the NHS in all four countries of the UK. Blood spot screening does not provide a diagnosis, it identifies those at risk of being affected. Babies who have positive results will undergo further diagnostic tests in order to exclude or confirm the diagnosis.

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