Role of Breast Milk | ScienceGate

Aim. To evaluate a possible role of herpes viruses in the pathogenesis of various infectious diseases of children in the first six months of life, including acute gastroenteritis and identify the markers of herpesvirus infections which occur most frequently. Materials and methods. Samples of biological materials (blood serum and blood cells, breast milk, urine, feces) were studied in 35 children aged 14 days to 5 months who are being treated in MRRCI Vladimirsky with diagnoses of «acute infectious gastroenteritis of unspecified etiology» (n=24), «urinary tract infection» (n=6), «intrauterine infection» (n=5) and of their mothers. To determine the antibodies of IgM, IgG in serum, an enzyme immunoassay was used, to detect common antigens of viruses in blood cells, urine, breast milk - an indirect reaction of immunofluorescence, to detect early antigens of viruses and their reproduction - a rapid cultural method. Results. Infection with herpesviruses was found in 85% of children and 91% of mothers, with the most often identified markers of active forms of infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. In children with a diagnosis of acute infectious gastroenteritis of unspecified etiology, no pathogens of viral and bacterial intestinal infections were detected in a large number of active forms of herpesviral infections in both children and their mothers (33% and 91%, respectively). As well as mothers and their children, there have been cases of mixed infections caused by associations of herpesviruses, most often with HSV. Conclusion. Detection of active forms of herpesviral infections in the absence of positive results in studies on viral and bacterial intestinal infections make it possible to assume that herpesviruses can participate in the etiology of these diseases and cause infectious complications in this pathology, as well as often act as a co-infection. An important epidemiological importance has a large number of identified latent forms of herpesvirus infections, because when exposed to adverse factors they can go into active forms.

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Adipophilin and Perilipin 3 Correlate with Total Lipid Content in Human Breast Milk

10.20944/preprints201810.0008.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Tereza Pavlova ◽

Zdenek Spacil ◽

Veronika Vidova ◽

Filip Zlamal ◽

Eliska Cechova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Total Lipid ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Gravimetric Method ◽

Total Lipid Content ◽

Milk Lipid ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast

Objective: Lipids are secreted into milk as bilayer-coated structures: milk lipid globules (MLGs). Adipophilin (ADRP) and perilipin 3 (TIP47) are associated with MLGs in human breast milk; however, the role of these proteins in milk lipid secretion is not fully understood. The aim of the study was to investigate levels of ADRP, TIP47 and total lipid content in human breast milk, their mutual correlations and dynamics during lactation. Research Methods & Procedures: Milk samples from 22 healthy lactating women (Caucasian, Central European) were collected at five time points during lactation (1–3, 12–14, 29–30, 88–90 and 178–180 days postpartum). Mass spectrometry-based method was used for quantification of ADRP and TIP47 in the samples. The gravimetric method was used to determine milk total lipid content. Results: We observed distinctive trends in ADRP, TIP47 levels and lipid content in human breast milk during the first 6 months of lactation. We also found a significant association between lipid content and ADRP, lipid content and TIP47, and ADRP and TIP47 concentrations in breast milk at all sampling points. Moreover, we derived an equation for estimating the mean lipid content of milk based on ADRP concentration in human breast milk. Conclusions: A mass spectrometry-based method was developed for quantifying ADRP and TIP47 in human breast milk. Strong mutual correlations were found between ADRP, TIP47 and total lipid content in human breast milk.

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A Possible Role of Elevated Breast Milk Lactoferrin and the Cytokine IL-17 Levels in Predicting Early Allergy in Infants: A Pilot Study

Acta Alimentaria ◽

10.1556/aalim.2015.0001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 157-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Polonkai ◽

E. Gyimesi ◽

I. Kovács ◽

A. Csillag ◽

Gy. Balla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Breast Milk

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Supporting Mothers of Very Preterm Infants and Breast Milk Production: A Review of the Role of Galactogogues

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10050600 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 600 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elizabeth Asztalos

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Milk Production ◽

Very Preterm Infants ◽

Very Preterm ◽

Breast Milk Production

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The role of early years care providers in supporting continued breastfeeding and breast milk feeding

Early Years Journal of International Research and Development ◽

10.1080/09575146.2018.1430123 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 205-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lindsay Dombrowski ◽

Susan Henderson ◽

Joyce Leslie ◽

Khadija Mohammed ◽

Dorothy Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Early Years ◽

Care Providers ◽

Milk Feeding

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Extracellular Vesicles in Human Preterm Colostrum Inhibit Infection by Human Cytomegalovirus In Vitro

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8071087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 1087

Author(s):

Manuela Donalisio ◽

Simona Cirrincione ◽

Massimo Rittà ◽

Cristina Lamberti ◽

Andrea Civra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Human Cytomegalovirus ◽

Hcmv Infection ◽

Protective Role ◽

Surface Proteins ◽

Human Colostrum ◽

Clinical Illness

Breast milk is a complex biofluid that nourishes infants, supports their growth and protects them from diseases. However, at the same time, breastfeeding is a transmission route for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), with preterm infants being at a great risk of congenital disease. The discrepancy between high HCMV transmission rates and the few reported cases of infants with severe clinical illness is likely due to the protective effect of breast milk. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-HCMV activity of human preterm colostrum and clarify the role of colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Preterm colostrum samples were collected and the EVs were purified and characterized. The in vitro anti-HCMV activity of both colostrum and EVs was tested against HCMV, and the viral replication step inhibited by colostrum-purified EVs was examined. We investigated the putative role EV surface proteins play in impairing HCMV infection using shaving experiments and proteomic analysis. The obtained results confirmed the antiviral action of colostrum against HCMV and demonstrated a remarkable antiviral activity of colostrum-derived EVs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that EVs impair the attachment of HCMV to cells, with EV surface proteins playing a role in mediating this action. These findings contribute to clarifying the mechanisms that underlie the protective role of human colostrum against HCMV infection.

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Role of bioactive molecules and maternal immune cells in breast-milk in type 2 diabetes mellitus risk reduction

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v12i2.41683 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 69-79

Author(s):

Tajudeen Yahaya ◽

Mutiu Sifau

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Bioactive Molecules

Inadequate breastfeeding or its total neglect has been mentioned in several studies as a contributing factor to the globally rising incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the anti-diabetic role of breast-milk has not been given much attention. As such, this study was initiated to review and bring to update on the role of breastfeeding in the risk reduction of T2DM. Relevant information on the topic was retrieved from the reliable science databases, including PubMed, MedLine, Google Scholar, Researchgate, etc. The results showed that breast-milk is not energy dense and contains several health-enhancing bioactive molecules, including adipokines, antimicrobial and growth factors, cytokines, nutrients, and immune cells. Adipokines interact with the central nervous system to modulate certain physiological processes involved in energy balance, thereby programming an infant to be at a reduced risk for overweight, obesity and T2DM later in life. The antimicrobial and growth factors, as well as immune cells and bioactive nutrients may stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria and/or inhibit the growth of pathogens. Thus, strengthen neonate defense mechanisms to effectively prevent infections as well as short and long-term disorders such as obesity and T2DM. In conclusion, nursing mothers are advised to breastfeed babies adequately before introducing them to complementary foods. To cater to the need of babies who may not have access to breastfeeding, healthcare providers should formulate infant formula using breast-milk components as basic constituents.

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HIV Infection and Specific Mucosal Immunity

Advances in Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034511400222 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 142-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S.J. Challacombe ◽

P.L. Fidel ◽

S. Tugizov ◽

L. Tao ◽

S.M. Wahl

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Mucosal Immunity ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Hiv Infections ◽

Mucosal Vaccine ◽

Lymphoid Tissues

Most HIV infections are transmitted across mucosal epithelium. An area of fundamental importance is understanding the role of innate and specific mucosal immunity in susceptibility or protection against HIV infection, as well as the effect of HIV infection on mucosal immunity, which leads to increased susceptibility to bacterial, fungal, and viral infections of oral and other mucosae. This workshop attempted to address 5 basic issues—namely, HIV acquisition across mucosal surfaces, innate and adaptive immunity in HIV resistance, antiviral activity of breast milk as a model mucosal fluid, neutralizing immunoglobulin A antibodies against HIV, and progress toward a mucosal vaccine against HIV. The workshop attendants agreed that progress had been made in each area covered, with much recent information. However, these advances revealed how little work had been performed on stratified squamous epithelium compared with columnar epithelium, and the attendants identified several important biological questions that had not been addressed. It is increasingly clear that innate immunity has an important biological role, although basic understanding of the mechanisms of normal homeostasis is still being investigated. Application of the emerging knowledge was lacking with regard to homeostatic mucosal immunity to HIV and its role in changing this homeostasis. With regard to breast milk, a series of studies have demonstrated the differences between transmitters and nontransmitters, although whether these findings could be generalized to other secretions such as saliva was less clear. Important progress toward an oral mucosal HIV vaccine has been made, demonstrating proof of principle for administering vaccine candidates into oral lymphoid tissues to trigger anti-HIV local and systemic immune responses. Similarly, experimental data emphasized the central role of neutralizing antibodies to prevent HIV infection via mucosal routes.

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