Phosphorus Forms and Mineralization Potentials of Alabama Upland Cotton Production Soils Amended with Poultry Litter

Abstract BackgroundFarmers in the Chattogram Hill Tracts, Bangladesh have been growing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in their traditional system of jhum cultivation which is undergoing transformation. Growing rainfed cotton as a mono crop in the uplands is constrained by farmers’ socio-economic conditions and erratic rainfall. Shifting growing season to post-monsoon dry months could be an option to sustain cotton production in hilly areas. We conducted an exploratory single variate type experiment for two seasons to explore the possibility of growing cotton in valley lands in Bandarban during dry season. Growth and yield potentials of dry season cotton were evaluated in terms of prevailing environmental conditions.ResultsNight temperature dropped to 9oC on several occasions in 2018-19 season; but it remained higher than 11oC throughout the season in 2019-20 season. In 2018-19, day temperatures surged higher past March 15 occasionally exceeding 38oC. Variability in temperatures was more in 2018-19 while average temperatures were higher in2019-20 season. Rainfall distribution was almost similar in both the growing seasons receiving total rainfall of 757 mm and 579 mm in two seasons, respectively. Higher seed cotton yield (2,047 kg per ha) was recorded for 15 November planted crop compared with 1 December planted crop (1,186 kg per ha). December 1 planted crop was affected more by low temperatures at seedling stage resulting in poor growth and fewer bolls per plant. Late planted crop was more vulnerable to rain damage at boll opening stage. Crops of both the seasons encountered high temperatures (>32oC) during boll development. ConclusionChanging climate, shorter winter season and rising temperatures may allow cotton production in valley lands shifting growing season from rainy season to post-monsoon dry months. However, the window of dry season cotton growing in Bandarban, Bangladesh seems narrow. Rainfall pattern restricts planting seeds prior to mid-November. Again, high temperatures stress in March and April synchronizing boll development, and rainfall toward late April and May during boll opening may cause rain-damage leading to yield loss. Development and adoption of short duration, low temperature tolerant upland cotton varieties might be of advantage for adapting to climate change vulnerabilities.

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Responses of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Lines to Irrigated and Rainfed Conditions of Texas High Plains

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9111598 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1598

Author(s):

Addissu. G. Ayele ◽

Jane K. Dever ◽

Carol M. Kelly ◽

Monica Sheehan ◽

Valerie Morgan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Upland Cotton ◽

Fiber Quality ◽

Lint Yield ◽

High Plains ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Fiber Properties ◽

Rainfed Conditions

Understanding drought stress responses and the identification of phenotypic traits associated with drought are key factors in breeding for sustainable cotton production in limited irrigation water of semi-arid environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of upland cotton lines to rainfed and irrigated conditions. We compared selected agronomic traits over time, final yield and fiber quality of cotton lines grown in irrigated and rainfed trials. Under rainfed conditions, the average number of squares per plant sharply declined during weeks 10 to 14 while the average number of bolls per plant significantly reduced during weeks 13 to 15 after planting. Therefore, weeks 10 to 14 and weeks 13 to 15 are critical plant growth stages to differentiate among upland cotton lines for square and boll set, respectively, under drought stress. Variation in square and boll set during this stage may translate into variable lint percent, lint yield and fiber properties under water-limited conditions. Lint yield and fiber quality were markedly affected under rainfed conditions in all cotton lines tested. Despite significantly reduced lint yield in rainfed trials, some cotton lines including 11-21-703S, 06-46-153P, CS 50, L23, FM 989 and DP 491 performed relatively well under stress compared to other cotton lines. The results also reveal that cotton lines show variable responses for fiber properties under irrigated and rainfed trials. Breeding line 12-8-103S produced long, uniform and strong fibers under both irrigated and rainfed conditions. The significant variation observed among cotton genotypes for agronomic characteristics, yield and fiber quality under rainfed conditions indicate potential to breed cotton for improved drought tolerance.

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Optimum Poultry Litter Rates for Maximum Profit versus Yield in Cotton Production

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2016.04.0257 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 3307-3317 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Haile Tewolde ◽

Michael R. McLaughlin ◽

Thomas R. Way ◽

Johnie N. Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Poultry Litter ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Maximum Profit

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Residue management systems and their implications for production efficiency

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1079/raf2005138 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 124-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Krishna P. Paudel ◽

Luanne Lohr ◽

Miguel Cabrera

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Residue Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

Cotton Production ◽

No Till

Cotton production is the number one crop enterprise in Georgia in terms of revenue generation. However, due to continuous deterioration of soil quality with conventional tillage and chemical fertilizer application, the economic viability and sustainability of cotton production in Georgia are questionable. Residue management systems (RMSs) comprising winter cover crops were analyzed as an alternative to the existing system, which consists of conventional tillage and chemical fertilizer using yield benefit, net revenue, carbon sequestration, and yield efficiency criteria. Four different RMSs were examined for profitability and input efficiency. Four RMSs encompassing tillage versus no-till and chemical versus organic sources of plant nutrients were compared for their yield and net return differences. No-till and poultry litter with a cover crop was the only system with a positive return and crop yield based on the results from experimental data. Limited results from the experimental field were reinforced using a simulation study. When cotton yield is simulated with an alternative level of organic matter and nitrogen application, production function shows efficiency in input application at the higher level of organic matter. Regression results based on an erosion productivity impact calculator/environmental policy integrated climate (EPIC) simulation indicated that, in the long term, a no-till and poultry litter system may have promise in the region. The results from simulation confirm the results from the experimental study. This study reflected a need to change the cotton management system from the 200-year-old practice of employing intensively cultivated conventional tillage and chemical fertilizers to a new renewable resource-based system where residue management and organic sources of nutrients would be the key components.

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Tolerance of Pima and Upland cotton to trifloxysulfuron (Envoke) herbicide under field conditions

Journal of Cotton Research ◽

10.1186/s42397-021-00101-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jinfa ZHANG ◽

Abdelraheem ABDELRAHEEM ◽

Tom WEDEGAERTNER

Keyword(s):

Upland Cotton ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Genotypic Difference ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Pima Cotton ◽

Crop Injury ◽

Cotton Genotypes ◽

Synthase Inhibitor

AbstractTrifloxysulfuron (Envoke) is an acetolactate synthase-inhibitor herbicide and can be used to control many broadleaf weeds and nutsedges in cotton production. However, there is a lack of information on genotypic variation in response to the herbicide. In this field study, 60 Pima (Gossypium barbadense L.) lines, 122 Upland (G. hirsutum L.) lines, and 9 Upland × Pima segregating populations were divided into five tests (18A, 18B, 18G, 18RB, and 18HQ) to evaluate trifloxysulfuron tolerance at the 7-true leaf stage (42 days after planting) under the same field conditions in 2018. Across the five tests, Pima cotton genotypes tested in this study did not show any visual crop injury based on percentage of plants with chlorosis at 6 days after treatment (DAT), indicating consistent and high levels of trifloxysulfuron tolerance. However, the response to trifloxysulfuron within Upland cotton is highly variable. While Upland cotton is overall more sensitive to trifloxysulfuron with crop injury up to 80% than Pima cotton, 19 lines had injury below 5% including one line with no visual injury, and 19 lines had injury between 5% and 10%. In test 18HQ with 15 transgenic Upland cultivars and 17 non-transgenic Upland lines, the analysis of variance detected a significant genotypic difference. The broad-sense heritability estimates for trifloxysulfuron tolerance based on crop injury at 6 DAT was 0.555, suggesting that trifloxysulfuron tolerance in Upland cotton is moderately heritable. This study represents the first report that Pima cotton and many Upland cotton lines are highly tolerant to trifloxysulfuron with no or little crop injury.

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Genetics and Breeding for Glandless Upland Cotton With Improved Yield Potential and Disease Resistance: A Review

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.753426 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jinfa Zhang ◽

Tom Wedegaertner

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Disease Resistance ◽

New Mexico ◽

Upland Cotton ◽

Fiber Quality ◽

The United States ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Current Status ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Glandless Cotton

Glandless cotton (devoid of toxic gossypol) can be grown as a triple-purpose crop for fiber, feeds, and food (as an oil and protein source). However, its sensitivity to insect pests and its low yield due to the lack of breeding activities has prevented the realization of its potential in commercial seed production and utilization. Since the mid-1990s, the commercialization of bollworm and budworm resistant Bt cotton and the eradication of boll weevils and pink bollworms have provided an opportunity to revitalize glandless cotton production in the United States. The objectives of this study were to review the current status of genetics and breeding for glandless cotton, with a focus on the progress in breeding for glandless Upland cotton in New Mexico, United States. Because there existed a 10–20% yield gap between the best existing glandless germplasm and commercial Upland cultivars, the breeding of glandless Upland cultivars with improved yield and disease resistance was initiated at the New Mexico State University more than a decade ago. As a result, three glandless Upland cultivars, i.e., long-staple Acala 1517-18 GLS, medium staple NuMex COT 15 GLS, and NuMex COT 17 GLS with Fusarium wilt race 4 resistance were released. However, to compete with the current commercial glanded cotton, more breeding efforts are urgently needed to introduce different glandless traits (natural mutations, transgenic or genome-editing) into elite cotton backgrounds with high yields and desirable fiber quality.

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Genome-wide Association Study Reveals Novel Quantitative Trait Loci and Candidate Genes of Lint Percentage in Upland Cotton Based on the CottonSNP80K Array

10.21203/rs.3.rs-648403/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Chen ◽

Yang Gao ◽

Pengyun Chen ◽

Juan Zhou ◽

Chuanyun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Association Study ◽

Candidate Genes ◽

Upland Cotton ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Oilseed Crop ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Lint Percentage ◽

Genome Wide

Abstract Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is an important natural textile fiber and oilseed crop widely cultivated in the world. Lint percentage (LP, %) is one of the important yield factor, thus increasing lint percentage is a core goal of cotton breeding improvement. However, the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that control lint percentage in upland cotton remain largely unknown. Here, we performed a Genome-wide association study (GWAS) for LP based on phenotypic tests of 254 upland cotton accessions in four environments and BLUPs using the high-density CottonSNP80K array. A total of 41,413 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were screened and 34 SNPs within 22 QTLs were identified as significantly associated with lint percentage trait in different environments. In total, 175 candidate genes were identified from two major genomic loci (GR1 and GR2) of upland cotton and 50 hub genes were identified through GO enrichment and WGCNA analysis. Furthermore, two candidate/causal genes, Gh_D01G0162 and Gh_D07G0463, which pleiotropically increased lint percentage were identified and further verified its function through LD blocks, haplotypes and qRT-PCR analysis. Co-expression network analysis showed that the candidate/causal and hub gene, Gh_D07G0463, was significantly related to another candidate gene, Gh_D01G0162, and the simultaneous pyramid of the two genes lays the foundation for a more efficient increase in cotton production. Our study provides crucial insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying variations of yield traits and serves as an important foundation for lint percentage improvement via marker-assisted breeding.

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Determining Planting Window for Growing Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) during Dry Season in Bandarban, Bangladesh

Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture ◽

10.3329/aba.v24i2.55780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

A Hamid ◽

MG Neogi ◽

MS Marma ◽

JC Biswas ◽

AS S Marma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Upland Cotton ◽

Growing Season ◽

Dry Season ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽

Poor Growth ◽

Post Monsoon

Farmers in the Chattogram Hill Tracts, Bangladesh have been growing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in their traditional system of jhum cultivation which is undergoing transformation. Growing rainfed cotton as a monocrop in the uplands is constrained by farmers’ socio-economic conditions and erratic rainfall. Shifting growing season to post-monsoon dry monthscould be an option to sustain cotton production in hilly areas. An exploratory experiment was conducted for two seasons to explore the possibility of growing cotton in valley lands in Bandarban during dry season. Growth and yield potentials of dry season cotton were evaluated in relation to prevailing environmental conditions. Night temperature dropped to 9oC on several occasions in 2018-2019 season; but it remained higher than 11oC throughout the season in 2019-2020. In 2018-2019, day temperatures surged higher past March 15 occasionally exceeding 38oC. Variability in temperatures was more in 2018-19 while average temperatures were higher in 2019-20 season. Rainfall distribution was almost similar in both the growing seasons receiving total rainfall of 757 mm and 579 mm in two seasons, respectively. Higher seed cotton yield (2,047 kg per ha) was recorded for 15 November planted crop compared with 1 December planted crop (1,186 kg per ha). December 1 planted crop was affected more by low temperatures at seedling stage resulting in poor growth and fewer bolls per plant. Late planted crop was more vulnerable to rain damage at boll opening stage. Crops of both the seasons encountered high temperatures (>32oC) during boll development. Changing climate, shorter winter season and rising temperatures may allow cotton production in valley lands shifting growing season from rainy season to post-monsoon dry months. However, the window of dry season cotton growing in Bandarban, Bangladesh seems narrow. Rainfall pattern restricts planting seeds prior to mid-November. Again, high temperatures stress in March and April synchronizing boll development, and rainfall toward late April and May during boll opening may cause yield loss. Development and adoption of short duration, low temperature tolerant upland cotton varieties might be of advantage for adapting to climate change vulnerabilities. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(2): 1-14

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