Fly Ash as a Source of Silicon for Mitigating Biotic Stress and Improving Yield and Changes in Biochemical Constituents and Silicon in Rice Under Abiotic Stress

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
P. Balasubramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Biochemical Constituents

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Identification and Functional Insight of Lily WRKY Genes Responding to Botrytis Fungal Disease

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Shipra Kumari ◽  
Bashistha Kumar Kanth ◽  
Ju young Ahn ◽  
Jong Hwa Kim ◽  
Geung-Joo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Genome Wide

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq of Lilium longiflorum revealed valuable genes responding to biotic stresses. WRKY transcription factors are regulatory proteins playing essential roles in defense processes under environmental stresses, causing considerable losses in flower quality and production. Thirty-eight WRKY genes were identified from the transcriptomic profile from lily genotypes, exhibiting leaf blight caused by Botrytis elliptica. Lily WRKYs have a highly conserved motif, WRKYGQK, with a common variant, WRKYGKK. Phylogeny of LlWRKYs with homologous genes from other representative plant species classified them into three groups- I, II, and III consisting of seven, 22, and nine genes, respectively. Base on functional annotation, 22 LlWRKY genes were associated with biotic stress, nine with abiotic stress, and seven with others. Sixteen unique LlWRKY were studied to investigate responses to stress conditions using gene expression under biotic and abiotic stress treatments. Five genes—LlWRKY3, LlWRKY4, LlWRKY5, LlWRKY10, and LlWRKY12—were substantially upregulated, proving to be biotic stress-responsive genes in vivo and in vitro conditions. Moreover, the expression patterns of LlWRKY genes varied in response to drought, heat, cold, and different developmental stages or tissues. Overall, our study provides structural and molecular insights into LlWRKY genes for use in the genetic engineering in Lilium against Botrytis disease.

scholarly journals Meta-QTL analysis and identification of candidate genes for quality, abiotic and biotic stress in durum wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Miguel Soriano ◽  
Pasqualina Colasuonno ◽  
Ilaria Marcotuli ◽  
Agata Gadaleta
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Plant Performance

AbstractThe genetic improvement of durum wheat and enhancement of plant performance often depend on the identification of stable quantitative trait loci (QTL) and closely linked molecular markers. This is essential for better understanding the genetic basis of important agronomic traits and identifying an effective method for improving selection efficiency in breeding programmes. Meta-QTL analysis is a useful approach for dissecting the genetic basis of complex traits, providing broader allelic coverage and higher mapping resolution for the identification of putative molecular markers to be used in marker-assisted selection. In the present study, extensive QTL meta-analysis was conducted on 45 traits of durum wheat, including quality and biotic and abiotic stress-related traits. A total of 368 QTL distributed on all 14 chromosomes of genomes A and B were projected: 171 corresponded to quality-related traits, 127 to abiotic stress and 71 to biotic stress, of which 318 were grouped in 85 meta-QTL (MQTL), 24 remained as single QTL and 26 were not assigned to any MQTL. The number of MQTL per chromosome ranged from 4 in chromosomes 1A and 6A to 9 in chromosome 7B; chromosomes 3A and 7A showed the highest number of individual QTL (4), and chromosome 7B the highest number of undefined QTL (4). The recently published genome sequence of durum wheat was used to search for candidate genes within the MQTL peaks. This work will facilitate cloning and pyramiding of QTL to develop new cultivars with specific quantitative traits and speed up breeding programs.

scholarly journals WRKY Proteins: Signaling and Regulation of Expression during Abiotic Stress Responses

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Banerjee ◽  
Aryadeep Roychoudhury
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stress ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Wrky Proteins

WRKY proteins are emerging players in plant signaling and have been thoroughly reported to play important roles in plants under biotic stress like pathogen attack. However, recent advances in this field do reveal the enormous significance of these proteins in eliciting responses induced by abiotic stresses. WRKY proteins act as major transcription factors, either as positive or negative regulators. Specific WRKY factors which help in the expression of a cluster of stress-responsive genes are being targeted and genetically modified to induce improved abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The knowledge regarding the signaling cascade leading to the activation of the WRKY proteins, their interaction with other proteins of the signaling pathway, and the downstream genes activated by them are altogether vital for justified targeting of theWRKYgenes. WRKY proteins have also been considered to generate tolerance against multiple abiotic stresses with possible roles in mediating a cross talk between abiotic and biotic stress responses. In this review, we have reckoned the diverse signaling pattern and biological functions of WRKY proteins throughout the plant kingdom along with the growing prospects in this field of research.

A bibliometric analysis: How important is salicylic in response to the salinity from NaCl?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhittin Kulak ◽  
Nagihan Kilic
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Mode Of Application ◽  
Biotic Stress Factors

<p>Since plants are sessile due to their nature, they encounter- simultaneously or at different times numerous and various biotic and non-biotic stressors during their life span. Also, the severity and impacts of the stressors vary corresponding to the development stages and organs of the plant. Of the stress factors, salinity is considered as a major environmental constraint imposing limitations on growth, development, crop productivity, and quality of the plants in many regions of the world. Therefore, the studies concerned with salinity and its effects on plants are of the fundamental interests for agricultural issues. In order to alleviate the possible damages of salinity, exogenous applications of salicylic acid are of the common techniques used.  Herewith the study, the profiles of original and review articles under the topic of salicylic acid and salinity were examined by bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer tool. Along with the present study, it was aimed to answer the following research questions (RQ) associated to the researches regarding salt stress and salicylic acid interaction.</p><p>RQ1: Which plant species have been more focused for the studies?</p><p>RQ2: What kind of biochemical, physiological and molecular parameters have been used for analysis?</p><p>RQ3: How important the concentration of salicylic acid is? How important the mode of application of salicylic acid is?</p><p>RQ4: What are the research trends regarding salinity stress and salicylic acid considering the number and year of the publications, number of authors, main theme of the studies, country of the publications, core journals, the most cited documents etc.?</p><p>RQ5:  What is the spatial distribution of the researches? Do salinity stress faced countries mostly carry out the studies or not, considering the attributes influential on the performing the studies?</p><p>SCOPUS database was used for retrieving the related documents. For extracting documents, the following selection or limitation criteria were applied to profile the study concerned with salicylic acid and salinity interaction; (TITLE-ABS-KEY (salicylic AND acid)) AND (salt AND stress OR NaCl OR saline AND conditions OR salinity) AND (LIMIT-TO (SUBJAREA, "AGRI") OR LIMIT-TO (SUBJAREA, “BIOC")). Accordingly, 2,067 document results were retrieved. Then all documents were selected and exported to the CSV Excel. The documents were analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer tool. </p><p>Accordingly, two main salicylic acid research clusters according to the most relevant terms were identified. First cluster was composed of abiotic stress terms and related antioxidant activity and enzymes. The first cluster can be considered as biochemistry and abiotic stress. The second cluster was related to the biotic stress factors and molecular biology approaches. For the keyword analysis, various clusters regarding hormonal cross-talks, antioxidant enzymes with oxidative stress, biotic stress factors, and osmoprotectants were composed. According to the country analysis, China, United States, Pakistan, South Korea, and Oman were grouped together in same cluster. India, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Malaysia were in the same cluster. The results were discussed in comparison.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Salicylic acid, salinity, bibliometric analysis, abiotic and biotic stress</p>

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT FOR BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN CROP PLANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ahmad ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
MM Hafeez ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
The World ◽  
Dioxygenase Enzymes

The field of biotechnology has extraordinary influence on science, law, the administrative condition social insurance, and business throughout the world. As the starting of agriculture, people have been manipulating crops to improve the yield and quantity. Product yields throughout the world are essentially diminished by the activity of herbivorous insects, pathogens, and parasites. Natural environmental stresses make this circumstance significantly worse. Biotechnology can be used to increase the yield of food crops, to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, to modify the traits of the plant (e.g. oil content, percentage of lignin, cell structure), to make the conversion to liquid biofuels more efficient. Various genes have been discovered for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The genes discovered for biotic stress are aryloxyalkanoate, dioxygenase, enzymes (aad-1), nitrilase, Cry1Ac, Cry2AB, GTgene, AFP (anti-freezing protein gene) gene, Chitinase II and III gene, and Rps1-k. The genes discovered for abiotic stress are SgNCED1, SgNCED1, USP2, HSP70, BADH, and ALO, PVNCED1, HVA1, LeNCED1. CRISPRs (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) are the short DNA sequences present in bacteria and archaeal genomes which are now currently used by researchers to edit the genome. In different plant species (calli, leaf discs) protoplasts have been successfully used to edit their genome through CRISPR/Cas9 system. The aims of the applications are to increase resistance to abiotic or biotic stress, to engineer metabolic pathways, and to increase grain yield. Incorporation of modern biotechnology, with regular traditional practices in a sustainable way, can fulfill the objective of achieving food security for the present and as well as in future.

scholarly journals Overexpression of VOZ2 confers biotic stress tolerance but decreases abiotic stress resistance in Arabidopsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e23358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Nakai ◽  
Sumire Fujiwara ◽  
Yasuyuki Kubo ◽  
Masa H. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Biotic Stress

scholarly journals Effects of Abiotic and Biotic Stresses on the Internalization and Dissemination of Human Norovirus Surrogates in Growing Romaine Lettuce

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (14) ◽  
pp. 4791-4800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin DiCaprio ◽  
Anastasia Purgianto ◽  
Jianrong Li
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Murine Norovirus ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Tulane Virus

ABSTRACTHuman norovirus (NoV) is the major causative agent of fresh-produce-related outbreaks of gastroenteritis; however, the ecology and persistence of human NoV in produce systems are poorly understood. In this study, the effects of abiotic and biotic stresses on the internalization and dissemination of two human NoV surrogates (murine norovirus 1 [MNV-1] and Tulane virus [TV]) in romaine lettuce were determined. To induce abiotic stress, romaine lettuce was grown under drought and flood conditions that mimic extreme weather events, followed by inoculation of soil with MNV-1 or TV. Independently, lettuce plants were infected with lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) to induce biotic stress, followed by inoculation with TV. Plants were grown for 14 days, and viral titers in harvested tissues were determined by plaque assays. It was found that drought stress significantly decreased the rates of both MNV-1 and TV internalization and dissemination. In contrast, neither flood stress nor biotic stress significantly impacted viral internalization or dissemination. Additionally, the rates of TV internalization and dissemination in soil-grown lettuce were significantly higher than those for MNV-1. Collectively, these results demonstrated that (i) human NoV surrogates can be internalized via roots and disseminated to shoots and leaves of romaine lettuce grown in soil, (ii) abiotic stress (drought) but not biotic stress (LMV infection) affects the rates of viral internalization and dissemination, and (iii) the type of virus affects the efficiency of internalization and dissemination. This study also highlights the need to develop effective measures to eliminate internalized viruses in fresh produce.

scholarly journals A Rice Immunophilin Homolog, OsFKBP12, Is a Negative Regulator of Both Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8791
Author(s):  
Ming-Yan Cheung ◽  
Wan-Kin Auyeung ◽  
Kwan-Pok Li ◽  
Hon-Ming Lam
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Higher Plant

A class of proteins that were discovered to bind the immunosuppressant drug FK506, called FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs), are members of a sub-family of immunophilins. Although they were first identified in human, FKBPs exist in all three domains of life. In this report, a rice FKBP12 homolog was first identified as a biotic stress-related gene through suppression subtractive hybridization screening. By ectopically expressing OsFKBP12 in the heterologous model plant system, Arabidopsis thaliana, for functional characterization, OsFKBP12 was found to increase susceptibility of the plant to the pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). This negative regulatory role of FKBP12 in biotic stress responses was also demonstrated in the AtFKBP12-knockout mutant, which exhibited higher resistance towards Pst DC3000. Furthermore, this higher-plant FKBP12 homolog was also shown to be a negative regulator of salt tolerance. Using yeast two-hybrid tests, an ancient unconventional G-protein, OsYchF1, was identified as an interacting partner of OsFKBP12. OsYchF1 was previously reported as a negative regulator of both biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, OsFKBP12 probably also plays negative regulatory roles at the convergence of biotic and abiotic stress response pathways in higher plants.

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