Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance and Pathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae

2020 ◽  
pp. 273-299
Author(s):  
Subhasree Saha ◽  
Durg Vijai Singh
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae

scholarly journals Vibrio cholerae Triggers SOS and Mutagenesis in Response to a Wide Range of Antibiotics: a Route towards Multiresistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 2438-2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Baharoglu ◽  
Didier Mazel
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Regulated Promoters

ABSTRACTAntibiotic resistance development has been linked to the bacterial SOS stress response. InEscherichia coli, fluoroquinolones are known to induce SOS, whereas other antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol, do not. Here we address whether various antibiotics induce SOS inVibrio cholerae. Reporter green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions were used to measure the response of SOS-regulated promoters to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. We show that unlike the situation withE. coli, all these antibiotics induce SOS inV. cholerae.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1 from human and environmental sources in Malaysia

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. RADU ◽  
Y. K. HO ◽  
S. LIHAN ◽  
YUHERMAN ◽  
G. RUSUL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Wide Variability

A total of 31 strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 (10 from outbreak cases and 7 from surface water) and non-O1 (4 from clinical and 10 from surface water sources) isolated between 1993 and 1997 were examined with respect to presence of cholera enterotoxin (CT) gene by PCR-based assays, resistance to antibiotics, plasmid profiles and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. All were resistant to 9 or more of the 17 antibiotics tested. Identical antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolates may indicate that they share a common mode of developing antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the multiple antibiotic resistance indexing showed that all strains tested originated from high risk contamination. Plasmid profile analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis showed the presence of small plasmids in 12 (7 non-O1 and 5 O1 serotypes) with sizes ranging 1·3–4·6 MDa. The CT gene was detected in all clinical isolates but was present in only 14 (6 O1 serotype and 8 non-O1 serotype) isolates from environmental waters. The genetic relatedness of the clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1 strains was investigated by RAPD fingerprinting with four primers. The four primers generated polymorphisms in all 31 strains of Vibrio cholerae tested, producing bands ranging from <250 to 4500 bp. The RAPD profiles revealed a wide variability and no correlation with the source of isolation. This study provides evidence that Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1 have significant public health implications.

scholarly journals CryoEM structure of the type IVa pilus secretin required for natural competence in Vibrio cholerae

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J. Weaver ◽  
Davi R. Ortega ◽  
Matthew H. Sazinsky ◽  
Triana N. Dalia ◽  
Ankur B. Dalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Natural Transformation ◽  
Domain Architecture ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Surface Binding ◽  
Exogenous Dna ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Natural transformation is the process by which bacteria take up genetic material from their environment and integrate it into their genome by homologous recombination. It represents one mode of horizontal gene transfer and contributes to the spread of traits like antibiotic resistance. In Vibrio cholerae, a type IVa pilus (T4aP) is thought to facilitate natural transformation by extending from the cell surface, binding to exogenous DNA, and retracting to thread this DNA through the outer membrane secretin, PilQ. Here, we use a functional tagged allele of VcPilQ purified from native V. cholerae cells to determine the cryoEM structure of the VcPilQ secretin in amphipol to ~2.7 Å. We use bioinformatics to examine the domain architecture and gene neighborhood of T4aP secretins in Proteobacteria in comparison with VcPilQ. This structure highlights differences in the architecture of the T4aP secretin from the type II and type III secretion system secretins. Based on our cryoEM structure, we design a series of mutants to reversibly regulate VcPilQ gate dynamics. These experiments support the idea of VcPilQ as a potential druggable target and provide insight into the channel that DNA likely traverses to promote the spread of antibiotic resistance via horizontal gene transfer by natural transformation.

scholarly journals Genomic and Functional Analyses of SXT, an Integrating Antibiotic Resistance Gene Transfer Element Derived from Vibrio cholerae

2002 ◽  
Vol 184 (15) ◽  
pp. 4259-4269 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Beaber ◽  
Bianca Hochhut ◽  
Matthew K. Waldor
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Conjugation System ◽  
Conjugative Transposons ◽  
The One ◽  
Functional Analyses

ABSTRACT SXT is representative of a family of conjugative-transposon-like mobile genetic elements that encode multiple antibiotic resistance genes. In recent years, SXT-related conjugative, self-transmissible integrating elements have become widespread in Asian Vibrio cholerae. We have determined the 100-kb DNA sequence of SXT. This element appears to be a chimera composed of transposon-associated antibiotic resistance genes linked to a variety of plasmid- and phage-related genes, as well as to many genes from unknown sources. We constructed a nearly comprehensive set of deletions through the use of the one-step chromosomal gene inactivation technique to identify SXT genes involved in conjugative transfer and chromosomal excision. SXT, unlike other conjugative transposons, utilizes a conjugation system related to that encoded by the F plasmid. More than half of the SXT genome, including the composite transposon-like structure that contains its antibiotic resistance genes, was not required for its mobility. Two SXT loci, designated setC and setD, whose predicted amino acid sequences were similar to those of the flagellar regulators FlhC and FlhD, were found to encode regulators that activate the transcription of genes required for SXT excision and transfer. Another locus, designated setR, whose gene product bears similarity to lambdoid phage CI repressors, also appears to regulate SXT gene expression.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae suggests that many serogroups are reservoirs of resistance

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. CAMPOS ◽  
V. ZAHNER ◽  
K. E. S. AVELAR ◽  
R. M. ALVES ◽  
D. S. G. PEREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
South American ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Pandemic Strains ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship

Vibrio cholerae is an important human pathogen and the cause of cholera. Since genetic variation and antibiotic resistance of strains have implications for effective treatment of the disease, we examined the genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profile in 92 clinical strains (serogroup O1) and 56 environmental strains (O1 antigen, 42 strains; non-O1 antigen, 14 strains) isolated in Brazil between 1991 and 1999. Clinical and environmental O1 strains showed greater drug resistance compared to environmental non-O1 strains. Nearly all clinical O1 strains were resistant to one or more antibiotics while half of the environmental O1 and non-O1 strains were resistant to one or more antibiotics. No plasmids or class 1 integrons were detected in the strains by PCR analysis. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis (MLEE) suggests most of the O1 strains belong to a single (South American) clone that is related but different to seventh-pandemic strains isolated from other parts of the world. Our results show that there is a close genetic relationship between clinical and environmental O1 strains and that many serogroups and the environment can be a reservoir for antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Identification of Operators and Promoters That Control SXT Conjugative Transfer

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (17) ◽  
pp. 5945-5949 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Beaber ◽  
Matthew K. Waldor
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Conjugative Transfer ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Divergent Promoters

ABSTRACT Transfer of SXT, a Vibrio cholerae-derived integrating conjugative element that encodes multiple antibiotic resistance genes, is repressed by SetR, a λ434 cI-related repressor. Here we identify divergent promoters between s086 and setR that drive expression of the regulators of SXT transfer. One transcript encodes the activators of transfer, setC and setD. The second transcript codes for SetR and, like the cI transcript of lambda, is leaderless. SetR binds to four operators located between setR and s086; the locations and relative affinities of these sites suggest a model for regulation of SXT transfer.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Clusters in Vibrio cholerae O139 and O1 SXT Constins

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2991-3000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Hochhut ◽  
Yasmin Lotfi ◽  
Didier Mazel ◽  
Shah M. Faruque ◽  
Roger Woodgate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O139 ◽  
El Tor

ABSTRACT Many recent Asian clinical Vibrio cholerae E1 Tor O1 and O139 isolates are resistant to the antibiotics sulfamethoxazole (Su), trimethoprim (Tm), chloramphenicol (Cm), and streptomycin (Sm). The corresponding resistance genes are located on large conjugative elements (SXT constins) that are integrated into prfC on the V. cholerae chromosome. We determined the DNA sequences of the antibiotic resistance genes in the SXT constin in MO10, an O139 isolate. In SXTMO10, these genes are clustered within a composite transposon-like structure found near the element's 5′ end. The genes conferring resistance to Cm (floR), Su (sulII), and Sm (strA and strB) correspond to previously described genes, whereas the gene conferring resistance to Tm, designated dfr18, is novel. In some other O139 isolates the antibiotic resistance gene cluster was found to be deleted from the SXT-related constin. The El Tor O1 SXT constin, SXTET, does not contain the same resistance genes as SXTMO10. In this constin, the Tm resistance determinant was located nearly 70 kbp away from the other resistance genes and found in a novel type of integron that constitutes a fourth class of resistance integrons. These studies indicate that there is considerable flux in the antibiotic resistance genes found in the SXT family of constins and point to a model for the evolution of these related mobile elements.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Conferred by a Class I Integron and SXT Constin in Vibrio cholerae O1 Strains Isolated in Laos

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 2364-2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Iwanaga ◽  
Claudia Toma ◽  
Tomoko Miyazato ◽  
Sithat Insisiengmay ◽  
Noboru Nakasone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Class I ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

ABSTRACT Changes in the drug susceptibility pattern were observed in Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated in the Lao People's Democratic Republic during 1993 to 2000. In this study, 50 V. cholerae O1 strains were selected during this period for studying the presence of class I integron and SXT constin. Twenty-four streptomycin-resistant strains out of 26 isolated before 1997 contained a class I integron harboring the aadA1 gene cassette. Twenty-four strains isolated after 1997 contained an SXT constin (a large conjugative element). Twenty of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while four strains were susceptible to the antibiotic tested. The resistance genes included in the SXT constins were floR, tetA, strAB, and sulII, which encode resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole, respectively. The antibiotic resistance gene cluster was found to be deleted in the four susceptible strains. SXTLAOS did not contain dfrA1 or dfr18, which confer resistance to trimethoprim in SXTET and SXTMO10, respectively. A hot spot region of SXTLAOS was sequenced, and we identified two novel open reading frames showing homology to sO24 (exonuclease) and sO23 (helicase) of the genomic island associated with the multidrug resistance region of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104. Analysis of SXTLAOS showed that there is a continuous flux of genes among V. cholerae SXT constins which should be carefully monitored.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains circulating in Assam: a north eastern state of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajanta Sharma ◽  
Bornali Sarmah Dutta ◽  
Debajit Rabha ◽  
Elmy Samsun Rasul ◽  
Naba Kumar Hazarika
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
El Tor

Background and Objectives: Information on the genetic epidemiology of cholera in Assam, a northeastern state of India is lacking despite cholera being a major public health problem. The study aimed to determine the virulence genes and genes encoding antibiotic resistance in Vibrio cholerae isolates and to determine the prevalent genotypes based on the presence or absence of the virulence genes and ctxB genotype. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five V. cholerae strains were subjected to conventional biotyping and serotyping followed by multiplex PCR to detect ctxA, ctxB, zot, ace, O1rfb, tcpA, ompU, ompW, rtxC, hly and toxR and antibiotic resistance genes. Cholera toxin B (ctxB) gene was amplified followed by sequencing. Results: All the V. cholerae O1 isolates were El Tor Ogawa and showed the presence of the core toxin region representing the genome of the filamentous bacteriophage CTXø. The complete cassette of virulence genes was seen in 48% of the isolates which was the predominant genotype. All the isolates possessed amino acid sequences identical to the El Tor ctxB subunit of genotype 3. sulII gene was detected in 68% of the isolates, dfrA1 in 88%, strB in 48% and SXT gene was detected in 36% of the isolates. Conclusion: Toxigenic V. cholerae O1 El Tor Ogawa strains of ctxB genotype 3 carrying a large pool of virulence genes are prevailing in Assam. Presence of a transmissible genetic element SXT in 36% of the strains is of major concern as it indicates the emergence of multiple drug resistance among the V. cholerae isolates.  

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