Stress Proteins: Biological Functions, Human Diseases, and Virus Infections

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-102
Author(s):  
Ming-Liang He ◽  
Qianya Wan ◽  
Dan Song ◽  
Betsy He
Keyword(s):  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Virus Infections

scholarly journals HOTAIR: An Oncogenic Long Non-Coding RNA in Human Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Tang ◽  
Swei Sunny Hann
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
And Function ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) represent a novel class of noncoding RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides without protein-coding potential and function as novel master regulators in various human diseases, including cancer. Accumulating evidence shows that lncRNAs are dysregulated and implicated in various aspects of cellular homeostasis, such as proliferation, apoptosis, mobility, invasion, metastasis, chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, and post-transcriptional processing. However, the mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate various biological functions in human diseases have yet to be determined. HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is a recently discovered lncRNA and plays a critical role in various areas of cancer, such as proliferation, survival, migration, drug resistance, and genomic stability. In this review, we briefly introduce the concept, identification, and biological functions of HOTAIR. We then describe the involvement of HOTAIR that has been associated with tumorigenesis, growth, invasion, cancer stem cell differentiation, metastasis, and drug resistance in cancer. We also discuss emerging insights into the role of HOTAIR as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for novel treatment paradigms in cancer.

scholarly journals LncTarD: a manually-curated database of experimentally-supported functional lncRNA–target regulations in human diseases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongying Zhao ◽  
Jian Shi ◽  
Yunpeng Zhang ◽  
Aimin Xie ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Functional Dynamics ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Pan Cancer

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with human diseases. Although lncRNA–disease associations have received significant attention, no online repository is available to collect lncRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms, key downstream targets, and important biological functions driven by disease-related lncRNAs in human diseases. We thus developed LncTarD (http://biocc.hrbmu.edu.cn/LncTarD/ or http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/LncTarD), a manually-curated database that provides a comprehensive resource of key lncRNA–target regulations, lncRNA-influenced functions, and lncRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms in human diseases. LncTarD offers (i) 2822 key lncRNA–target regulations involving 475 lncRNAs and 1039 targets associated with 177 human diseases; (ii) 1613 experimentally-supported functional regulations and 1209 expression associations in human diseases; (iii) important biological functions driven by disease-related lncRNAs in human diseases; (iv) lncRNA–target regulations responsible for drug resistance or sensitivity in human diseases and (v) lncRNA microarray, lncRNA sequence data and transcriptome data of an 11 373 pan-cancer patient cohort from TCGA to help characterize the functional dynamics of these lncRNA–target regulations. LncTarD also provides a user-friendly interface to conveniently browse, search, and download data. LncTarD will be a useful resource platform for the further understanding of functions and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA deregulation in human disease, which will help to identify novel and sensitive biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals The potential of using blood circular RNA as liquid biopsy biomarker for human diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxia Wen ◽  
Tong Zhou ◽  
Wanjun Gu
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Physiological Processes

Abstract Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel class of single-stranded RNAs with a closed loop structure. The majority of circRNAs are formed by a back-splicing process in pre-mRNA splicing. Their expression is dynamically regulated and shows spatiotemporal patterns among cell types, tissues and developmental stages. CircRNAs have important biological functions in many physiological processes, and their aberrant expression is implicated in many human diseases. Due to their high stability, circRNAs are becoming promising biomarkers in many human diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and human cancers. In this review, we focus on the translational potential of using human blood circRNAs as liquid biopsy biomarkers for human diseases. We highlight their abundant expression, essential biological functions and significant correlations to human diseases in various components of peripheral blood, including whole blood, blood cells and extracellular vesicles. In addition, we summarize the current knowledge of blood circRNA biomarkers for disease diagnosis or prognosis.

scholarly journals The Amazing World of IDPs in Human Diseases

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Simona Maria Monti ◽  
Giuseppina De Simone ◽  
Emma Langella
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Physiological Conditions

It has been clearly established that some proteins or protein regions are devoid of any stable secondary and/or tertiary structure under physiological conditions, but still possess fundamental biological functions [...]

scholarly journals Biological Functions of RBP4 and Its Relevance for Human Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia S. Steinhoff ◽  
Achim Lass ◽  
Michael Schupp
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein 4 ◽  
Retinoid Homeostasis ◽  
Hydrophobic Molecule ◽  
Retinyl Esters ◽  
Specific Membrane

Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a member of the lipocalin family and the major transport protein of the hydrophobic molecule retinol, also known as vitamin A, in the circulation. Expression of RBP4 is highest in the liver, where most of the body’s vitamin A reserves are stored as retinyl esters. For the mobilization of vitamin A from the liver, retinyl esters are hydrolyzed to retinol, which then binds to RBP4 in the hepatocyte. After associating with transthyretin (TTR), the retinol/RBP4/TTR complex is released into the bloodstream and delivers retinol to tissues via binding to specific membrane receptors. So far, two distinct RBP4 receptors have been identified that mediate the uptake of retinol across the cell membrane and, under specific conditions, bi-directional retinol transport. Although most of RBP4’s actions depend on its role in retinoid homeostasis, functions independent of retinol transport have been described. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent findings on the structure, regulation, and functions of RBP4 and lay out the biological relevance of this lipocalin for human diseases.

Medicinal Plants of District Kupwara Used in the Treatment of Human Diseases and Their Associated Biological Functions

2020 ◽  
pp. 325-347
Author(s):  
Mudasir Nazir Bhat ◽  
Bikarma Singh ◽  
Mohammed Asif Chowdhary ◽  
Sumit Singh ◽  
Opender Surmal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Biological Functions

scholarly journals Sirtuin Modulators in Cellular and Animal Models of Human Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Young Hong ◽  
Hening Lin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
Substrate Proteins

Sirtuins use NAD+ to remove various acyl groups from protein lysine residues. Through working on different substrate proteins, they display many biological functions, including regulation of cell proliferation, genome stability, metabolism, and cell migration. There are seven sirtuins in humans, SIRT1-7, each with unique enzymatic activities, regulatory mechanisms, subcellular localizations, and substrate scopes. They have been indicated in many human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, microbial infection, metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Consequently, interests in development of sirtuin modulators have increased in the past decade. In this brief review, we specifically summarize genetic and pharmacological modulations of sirtuins in cancer, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases. We further anticipate this review will be helpful for scrutinizing the significance of sirtuins in the studied diseases.

scholarly journals Fam20C in Human Diseases: Emerging Biological Functions and Therapeutic Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongsheng Xu ◽  
Huidan Tan ◽  
Jiahui Zhang ◽  
Zhaoxin Yuan ◽  
Qiang Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Multiple Substrates ◽  
Small Molecule Drugs ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
Raine Syndrome

Fam20C, a typical member of Fam20 family, has been well-known as a Golgi casein kinase, which is closely associated with Raine Syndrome (RS). It can phosphorylate many secreted proteins and multiple substrates, and thereby plays a crucial role in biological functions. More importantly, Fam20C has also been found to enhance the metastasis of several types of human cancers, such as breast cancer, indicating that Fam20C may be a promising therapeutic target. Accordingly, some small-molecule inhibitors of Fam20C have been reported in cancer. Taken together, these inspiring findings would shed new light on exploiting Fam20C as a potential therapeutic target and inhibiting Fam20C with small-molecule compounds would provide a clue on discovery of more candidate small-molecule drugs for fighting with human diseases.

scholarly journals Non-random distribution of homo-repeats: links with biological functions and human diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michail Yu. Lobanov ◽  
Petr Klus ◽  
Igor V. Sokolovsky ◽  
Gian Gaetano Tartaglia ◽  
Oxana V. Galzitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Random Distribution ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Biological Functions
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document