Determining the optimal quantity and quality levels of used product returns for remanufacturing under multi-period and uncertain quality of returns

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (9-12) ◽  
pp. 4401-4414 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Aydin ◽  
C. K. Kwong ◽  
M. W. Geda ◽  
G. E. Okudan Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Product Returns ◽  
Optimal Quantity

Preliminary examinations aiming at confirming presence of human blood in biological traces by means of mRNA analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Marta Gorzkiewicz ◽  
◽  
Małgorzata Grabowska ◽  
Tomasz Grzybowski ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Mrna Analysis ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Additional Reference ◽  
Mrna Markers ◽  
Optimal Quantity ◽  
Validation Experiments ◽  
Gene Mrna

The aim of the project was to develop a specific and at the same time economical method for detecting human blood in biological traces based on analysis of haemoglobin mRNA with use of PCR reaction in real time and non-specific SYBR Green detector. The test, which has eventually been developed enabled simultaneous analysis of melting curves for three fragments of various lengths: HBB61, HBA197 and HBB503, as well as an additional reference gene: mRNA β-actin. A definite identification was possible already for 0,1 μl of blood. The method is tissue and species specific. The analysed mRNA markers are characterized by high stability, as compared to haemoglobin detected by standard methods. The result of mRNA profiling shows the predictive value as regards quality of genetic material and occurrence of mixture of liquids. Results of analyses performed during the project indicate potential usefulness of HBB and HBA1 markers in routine forensic genetic examinations. However, it is necessary to carry out a broader spectrum of validation experiments, and particularly to analyse a larger number of actual biological casework and precisely determining an optimal quantity of RNA and identifying ontogenetic differences in the levels of expression.

Intertemporal Product Management with Strategic Consumers: The Value of Defective Product Returns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Singh ◽  
Karthik Ramachandran ◽  
Ravi Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
New Product ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Product Returns ◽  
Strategic Consumers ◽  
Defect Rate ◽  
The Future

Problem definition: An increased incidence of quality issues, resulting in defective product returns (DPRs), is a concern for firms bringing innovative products to market. Although a firm can recover value from DPRs through refurbishing, consumers are known to act strategically in anticipation of the future availability of refurbished units. We study a firm’s strategy for offering a new product and refurbished DPRs to strategic consumers across time. Academic/practical relevance: Aided by emerging shopping tools, an increasing number of consumers consider buying refurbished versions of products rather than their new counterparts. A novel contribution of our work is the recognition of the refurbishing of DPRs as a possible solution to the time inconsistency problem that arises when a firm offers products to strategic consumers across time. We characterize how the product line decisions and profit of the firm are influenced by the defect rate, the perceived quality of refurbished DPRs, and consumers’ hassle cost of returns. Methodology: We develop a two-period game-theoretic model to characterize the firm offering the new product and refurbished DPRs to strategic consumers across time. Results: The refurbishing of DPRs helps the firm implicitly commit to limiting the quantity of the new product offered in the future, allowing the firm to charge a premium for the new product today. As a result, firm profit may even increase with the defect rate. These results persist across various model extensions. Managerial implications: Whereas the firm’s profit is the highest when there are no defects, opportunities to achieve marginal reductions in defect rates may not be worth the investment and may even be counterproductive. Also, efforts toward enhancing the perceived quality of the refurbished product or decreasing the hassle cost for consumers may better serve the firm than efforts toward marginally improving defect rates.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TYPES OF CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS OF INCREASED NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND DIRECTED EFFICIENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2(52)) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Ksеnia Nikolaevna Gershonchik ◽  
Valentina Nikolaevna Babodey ◽  
Tatsiana Vyacheslavovna Shugaeva ◽  
Svetlana Nikolaevna Vislouhova ◽  
Svetlana Evgenievna Tomashevich
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Proteolytic Enzyme ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Optimal Quantity

The article presents the main results of fundamental research carried out by specialists of the group for the confectionery industry of the technology confectionery and oil and fat products department in 2008–2020. The chemical composition and technological properties of soluble fibers — inulin and oligofructose, as well as the source of inulin — Jerusalem artichoke, have been studied, their optimal dosages in the manufacture of zephyr have been determined, allowing to achieve technological effects and enrich the finished product with food fibers. Studied the composition of the linen cake and its influence on the quality of biscuits. The optimal dosages of linen cake have been established to increase the nutritional and biological value of the biscuits. The possibility of using durum wheat flour in the manufacture of biscuits has been studied. Influence of proteolytic enzyme, sugar and fat on protein proteolysis in confectionary dough for production of soluble biscuits is studied. It is defined that sugar and fat reduce speed of protein proteolysis, at that sugar has more inactivate ability. Optimal quantity of proteolytic enzyme is 0,15 % to mass of wheat flour. The rheological properties of syrups based on sweeteners for muesli bars have been investigated. Established the ratio of maltitol and maltitol syrup in the recipe for muesli bars for diabetic nutrition.

scholarly journals Remanufacturing Decisions with WTP Discrepancy and Uncertain Quality of Product Returns

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Shu ◽  
Jiajia Xu ◽  
Shou Chen ◽  
Shouyang Wang ◽  
Kin Keung Lai
Keyword(s):  
Product Returns

scholarly journals The control of the mass of an aggregates deliveries and its impact on the effectiveness of earthworks execution

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-290
Author(s):  
Hubert Anysz ◽  
Wojciech Rogala
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Level ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Optimal Quantity

An essay presents the method and tool which can be used to control the mass of aggregates deliveries under construction site conditions. The method based on statistics allows determining the optimal quantity of transports to be inspected, required to estimate the total sum of loose materials deliveries assuming estimation error and confidence level conditions. Inspection based on described method allows to improve the effectiveness of earthworks execution as well as gives the possibility to evaluate the quality of the supplier.

Influence of “MC-Bauchemie” Additions on the Fine-Grained Concrete Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Ekaterina S. Gerasimova ◽  
Elizaveta Gumirova
Keyword(s):  
Cement Stone ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Concrete Properties ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Effective Additive ◽  
Optimal Quantity

The paper is devoted to research of influence of “MC-Bauchemie” additions on the fine-grained concrete properties, namely compressive strength. The results of testing of fine-grained concrete made on the basis of two different natural sands are presented. Characteristics of the initial materials used in the work (Portland cement, sands and additions-plasticizers) are given. The basic methods of preparation of mixes and testing of hardened cement stone and concrete are described. The optimal quantity of the selected additions on the example of cement paste and stone are established. Mobility dependences of concrete mixes on a type and quantity of plasticizers are received. The dependence of the additions effectiveness on the mobility of the concrete mix on the quality of the fine aggregate is shown. It is established that the most effective additive is PowerFlow 3100, its optimal amount for obtaining fine-grained concrete on the basis of JSC “Kar’er Myisyi” sand is 0.2 %.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

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