scholarly journals Detection of plant virus particles with a capacitive field-effect sensor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Jablonski ◽  
Arshak Poghossian ◽  
Michael Keusgen ◽  
Christina Wege ◽  
Michael J. Schöning
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Sensor Signal ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Chip Surface ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Capacitance Method ◽  
Microscopy Images

AbstractPlant viruses are major contributors to crop losses and induce high economic costs worldwide. For reliable, on-site and early detection of plant viral diseases, portable biosensors are of great interest. In this study, a field-effect SiO2-gate electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) sensor was utilized for the label-free electrostatic detection of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles as a model plant pathogen. The capacitive EIS sensor has been characterized regarding its TMV sensitivity by means of constant-capacitance method. The EIS sensor was able to detect biotinylated TMV particles from a solution with a TMV concentration as low as 0.025 nM. A good correlation between the registered EIS sensor signal and the density of adsorbed TMV particles assessed from scanning electron microscopy images of the SiO2-gate chip surface was observed. Additionally, the isoelectric point of the biotinylated TMV particles was determined via zeta potential measurements and the influence of ionic strength of the measurement solution on the TMV-modified EIS sensor signal has been studied.

scholarly journals Field-Effect Sensors for Virus Detection: From Ebola to SARS-CoV-2 and Plant Viral Enhancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshak Poghossian ◽  
Melanie Jablonski ◽  
Denise Molinnus ◽  
Christina Wege ◽  
Michael J. Schöning
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Field Effect Devices ◽  
Long Time

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel human infectious disease provoked by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, no specific vaccines or drugs against COVID-19 are available. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are essential in order to slow the virus spread and to contain the disease outbreak. Hence, new diagnostic tests and devices for virus detection in clinical samples that are faster, more accurate and reliable, easier and cost-efficient than existing ones are needed. Due to the small sizes, fast response time, label-free operation without the need for expensive and time-consuming labeling steps, the possibility of real-time and multiplexed measurements, robustness and portability (point-of-care and on-site testing), biosensors based on semiconductor field-effect devices (FEDs) are one of the most attractive platforms for an electrical detection of charged biomolecules and bioparticles by their intrinsic charge. In this review, recent advances and key developments in the field of label-free detection of viruses (including plant viruses) with various types of FEDs are presented. In recent years, however, certain plant viruses have also attracted additional interest for biosensor layouts: Their repetitive protein subunits arranged at nanometric spacing can be employed for coupling functional molecules. If used as adapters on sensor chip surfaces, they allow an efficient immobilization of analyte-specific recognition and detector elements such as antibodies and enzymes at highest surface densities. The display on plant viral bionanoparticles may also lead to long-time stabilization of sensor molecules upon repeated uses and has the potential to increase sensor performance substantially, compared to conventional layouts. This has been demonstrated in different proof-of-concept biosensor devices. Therefore, richly available plant viral particles, non-pathogenic for animals or humans, might gain novel importance if applied in receptor layers of FEDs. These perspectives are explained and discussed with regard to future detection strategies for COVID-19 and related viral diseases.

scholarly journals Chimeric Plant Virus Particles Administered Nasally or Orally Induce Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses in Mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 930-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R. Brennan ◽  
Trevor Bellaby ◽  
Sharon M. Helliwell ◽  
Tim D. Jones ◽  
Søren Kamstrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Recombinant Plant ◽  
Chimeric Plant

ABSTRACT The humoral immune responses to the D2 peptide of fibronectin-binding protein B (FnBP) of Staphylococcus aureus, expressed on the plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), were evaluated after mucosal delivery to mice. Intranasal immunization of these chimeric virus particles (CVPs), either alone or in the presence of ISCOM matrix, primed CPMV-specific T cells and generated high titers of CPMV- and FnBP-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in sera. Furthermore, CPMV- and FnBP-specific IgA and IgG could also be detected in the bronchial, intestinal, and vaginal lavage fluids, highlighting the ability of CVPs to generate antibody at distant mucosal sites. IgG2a and IgG2b were the dominant IgG subclasses in sera to both CPMV and FnBP, demonstrating a bias in the response toward the T helper 1 type. The sera completely inhibited the binding of human fibronectin to the S. aureus FnBP. Oral immunization of the CVPs also generated CPMV- and FnBP-specific serum IgG; however, these titers were significantly lower and more variable than those generated by the intranasal route, and FnBP-specific intestinal IgA was undetectable. Neither the ISCOM matrix nor cholera toxin enhanced these responses. These studies demonstrate for the first time that recombinant plant viruses have potential as mucosal vaccines without the requirement for adjuvant and that the nasal route is most effective for the delivery of these nonreplicating particles.

scholarly journals Capacitive Field-Effect Biosensor Studying Adsorption of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particles

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Melanie Jablonski ◽  
Arshak Poghossian ◽  
Robin Severins ◽  
Michael Keusgen ◽  
Christina Wege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Sensor Surface ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Biochemical Sensing ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Sensitive Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Plant virus-like particles, and in particular, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles, are increasingly being used in nano- and biotechnology as well as for biochemical sensing purposes as nanoscaffolds for the high-density immobilization of receptor molecules. The sensitive parameters of TMV-assisted biosensors depend, among others, on the density of adsorbed TMV particles on the sensor surface, which is affected by both the adsorption conditions and surface properties of the sensor. In this work, Ta2O5-gate field-effect capacitive sensors have been applied for the label-free electrical detection of TMV adsorption. The impact of the TMV concentration on both the sensor signal and the density of TMV particles adsorbed onto the Ta2O5-gate surface has been studied systematically by means of field-effect and scanning electron microscopy methods. In addition, the surface density of TMV particles loaded under different incubation times has been investigated. Finally, the field-effect sensor also demonstrates the label-free detection of penicillinase immobilization as model bioreceptor on TMV particles.

The inactivation of plant viruses by radiation

Parasitology ◽  
1940 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Lea ◽  
Kenneth M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Virus Particle ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Virus Suspension ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Violet Light

Experiments on the inactivation of various plant virus preparations by ultra-violet light and by X-rays are described. The curves obtained by plotting against the dose of radiation the number of lesions obtained on inoculation of a test plant are exponential and the rate of inactivation is proportional to the intensity of the radiation. The inactivation curves obtained with preparations of a given virus in different states of aggregation do not appear to be systematically different.The discussion of these results shows that the particles in an aggregated virus suspension cannot be considered to be permanent clusters of elementary virus particles. Two possible alternatives which are compatible with the radiation experiments are discussed, either (a) the aggregation consists of the attachment of a single elementary virus particle to inert matter, or (b) the aggregation consists of a reversible union of elementary virus particles, there being a dynamic equilibrium between the aggregates which are constantly dissociating and the elementary particles which are constantly aggregating. The dose of X-radiation required for inactivation of the virus is consistent with the view that inactivation is caused by the production of a single ionization in the elementary virus particle, the size of which is approximately known from nitration experiments.

Search mode for rapid detection of virus particles

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Search Mode ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Focus Image ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Rapid Switching

Electron microscopy is frequently used in preliminary diagnosis of plant virus diseases by surveying negatively stained preparations of crude extracts of leaf samples. A major limitation of this method is the time required to survey grids when the concentration of virus particles (VPs) is low. A rapid survey of grids for VPs is reported here; the method employs a low magnification, out-of-focus Search Mode similar to that used for low dose electron microscopy of radiation sensitive specimens. A higher magnification, in-focus Confirm Mode is used to photograph or confirm the detection of VPs. Setting up the Search Mode by obtaining an out-of-focus image of the specimen in diffraction (K. H. Downing and W. Chiu, private communications) and pre-aligning the image in Search Mode with the image in Confirm Mode facilitates rapid switching between Modes.

Physical Insights from Frumkin Isotherm Applied to Electrolyte Gated Organic Transistor as Protein Biosensors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Allison Manco Urbina ◽  
Marcello Berto ◽  
Pierpaolo Greco ◽  
Matteo Sensi ◽  
Simone Borghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Transistors ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Sensor Signal ◽  
Frumkin Isotherm ◽  
Organic Transistor ◽  
Dose Curve

Label free biosensors based on electrolyte gated organic transistors (EGOTs) are ultra-sensitive and versatile sensing devices. The dose curve represents the change of the sensor signal as a function of...

scholarly journals Softening of Processed Plant Virus Infected Cucumis sativus Fruits

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451
Author(s):  
Anne-Katrin Kersten ◽  
Sabrina Scharf ◽  
Martina Bandte ◽  
Peer Martin ◽  
Peter Meurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Texture Properties ◽  
Textural Changes

Texture softening of pickled cucumbers does not meet consumers’ quality expectations and leads to economic losses. The factor(s) triggering this phenomenon is still unknown. We investigated the importance of plant viruses such as Cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus (CGMMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV) in the context of softening of pickles. Cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) were infected by mechanical inoculation, grown under greenhouse conditions and tested positive for the viral infection by ELISA. The severity of virus infection was reflected in yield and symptom expression. Histological and morphological alterations were observed. All fruits were pasteurized, separately stored in jars and subjected to texture measurements after four, six and 12 months. CGMMV-infections were asymptomatic or caused mild symptoms on leaves and fruit, and texture quality was comparable to control. At the same time, fruits of ZYMV-infected plants showed severe symptoms like deformations and discoloration, as well as a reduction in firmness and crunchiness after pasteurization. In addition, histological alterations were detected in such fruits, possibly causing textural changes. We conclude that plant viruses could have a considerable influence on the firmness and crunchiness of pickled cucumbers after pasteurization. It is possible that the severity of symptom expression has an influence on texture properties.

scholarly journals Unresolved advantages of multipartitism in spatially structured environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P Zwart ◽  
Stéphane Blanc ◽  
Marcelle Johnson ◽  
Susanna Manrubia ◽  
Yannis Michalakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Organization ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Distinct Virus ◽  
Network Epidemiology ◽  
Short Commentary ◽  
Animal Hosts

Abstract Multipartite viruses have segmented genomes and package each of their genome segments individually into distinct virus particles. Multipartitism is common among plant viruses, but why this apparently costly genome organization and packaging has evolved remains unclear. Recently Zhang and colleagues developed network epidemiology models to study the epidemic spread of multipartite viruses and their distribution over plant and animal hosts (Phys. Rev. Lett. 2019, 123, 138101). In this short commentary, we call into question the relevance of these results because of key model assumptions. First, the model of plant hosts assumes virus transmission only occurs between adjacent plants. This assumption overlooks the basic but imperative fact that most multipartite viruses are transmitted over variable distances by mobile animal vectors, rendering the model results irrelevant to differences between plant and animal hosts. Second, when not all genome segments of a multipartite virus are transmitted to a host, the model assumes an incessant latent infection occurs. This is a bold assumption for which there is no evidence to date, making the relevance of these results to understanding multipartitism questionable.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document