scholarly journals The effect of drought stress of sorghum grains on the textural features evaluated using machine learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Ropelewska ◽  
Leyla Nazari
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Textural Features ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Sorghum Grains ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Sorghum Grain

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the discriminatory power of textural features to differentiate the sorghum grains subjected to normal, mild deficit, and severe deficit irrigation. The studies were carried out with the use of image processing, discrimination analysis, analysis of variance and cluster analysis using the selected texture parameters calculate for images from individual color channels L, a, b, R, G, B, U, V, S, X, Y and Z. The results indicated that different levels of irrigation can discriminate the sorghum grain with an accuracy of up to about 100%. Most of the genotypes for each level of irrigation were different in the terms of values of textural features and formed separate homogeneous groups. Drought is one of the limiting factors contributing to a decrease in sorghum grain productivity and nutritional quality, especially when it is cultivated in a marginal area. Therefore, low-quality grains produced under water stress should be recognized before they enter into the food and feed chain. The application of image analysis based on textures of sorghum grain images proved to be useful for the discrimination of sorghum grains subjected to drought stress. The applied procedure provided the fast, objective results that may be applied in practice for screening distinguishing the sorghum grains with different irrigation levels.

scholarly journals Statistical Results of Activities Categorization in Czech Agricultural Companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
J. Svobodová ◽  
H. Urbancová
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Individual

Abstract In today’s competitive environment, to identify and correctly adjust the individual components of the business model is an important strategic device for every entrepreneur. This paper (preliminary study) deals with different types of business models applied to the sector of small and medium-size farms in the Czech Republic. The main objective was to identify and categorize activities undertaken by Czech farmers into homogeneous clusters and offer recommendations on possible business model modification. The research was based on data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (hereafter FADN). The principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out as part of the assessment, under which farms are categorized into homogeneous groups. The results showed that the farms surveyed can be categorized according to similar economic characteristics, production plans, and implementation processes into three basic clusters. The first business model is elaborated for the classic field production and various kinds of vegetable or livestock production, the second model for the special crop and livestock production, and the third one for the animal production. The use of FADN data and the fact that most Czech agricultural companies are of small- and medium-size should be taken into account as limiting factors of the study.

Respon Morfologis dan Ekspresi Gen Aquaporin pada Padi IR 64 yang Mengalami Cekaman Kekeringan pada Fase Reproduktif (Morphological Responses and Aquaporin Gene Expression in Rice IR64 under Drought Stress at the Reproductive Stage)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Made Pharmawati ◽  
Ni Nyoman Wirasiti ◽  
Luh Putu Wrasiati
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Aquaporin Gene ◽  
Peg Treatment

Abstrak Cekaman kekeringan merupakan faktor pembatas penting bagi pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman termasuk padi.      Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis respon padi IR64 terhadap cekaman kekeringan dengan pemberian polietilen glikol (PEG) pada fase reproduktif.  Penelitian juga bertujuan menganalisis ekspresi gen aquaporin akibat cekaman kekeringan.  Bibit padi ditanam dalam pot dan perlakuan PEG dengan konsentrasi 108g/L (-0.25MPa) dan 178g/L (-0.52 MPa) diberikan saat munculnya panikula. Perlakuan diberikan selama 2 minggu, kemudian tanaman disiram kembali.  Ekspresi gen diamati pada akhir perlakuan dengan semi kuantitatif real time PCR.  Ekstraksi RNA menggunakan RNeasy plant mini kit, sedangkan sintesis cDNA menggunakan Transcriptor First Strand cDNA Kit.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah malai dan berat total malai berkurang akibat cekaman kekeringan.  Persentase gabah kosong mencapai 84,6% pada perlakuan PEG-0,52 MPa, sedangkan pada perlakuan PEG -0,25 MPa persentase gabah kosong sebesar 67,8%.  Pada kontrol persentase gabah kosong adalah 10,3%.  Ekspresi gen OsPIP2;7 sedikit menurun pada perlakuan PEG -0,52 MPa.Kata kunci: ekspresi gen, IR64, kekeringan, padi, PEG  Abstract Drought stress is one of the limiting factors of plant growth and productivity including rice.  The aim of this study was to analyze responses of IR64 rice to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced-drought stress at the reproductive stage.  This study also aimed to analyze the expression of aquaporin under drought stress.  Rice seedlings were grown in pot system and PEG treatment at concentration of -0.25MPa (108g/L) and -0.52 MPa (178g/L) were given when the panicles arose.  Treatments were conducted for 2 weeks, after that the plants were rewatered.  Gene expression was evaluated at the end of PEG treatment using semi quantitative real time PCR. RNA was extracted using RNeasy plant mini kit, while cDNA synthesis was done using Transcriptor First Strand cDNA Kit.  The results showed that the number and weight of rice ear were less in plant treated with PEG than in control.  The percentage of empty rice grain reached 84.6% at PEG -0.52 MPa, while at PEG -0.25 MPa the percentage of empty grain was 67.8%.  In control plant, the percentage of empty grain was 10.3%.  Drought stress did not alter the expression of OsPIP2;7.  Keywords: drought, gene expression, IR64, PEG, rice

Identification of early-maturing maize inbred lines based on multiple traits under drought and low N environments for hybrid development and population improvement

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Badu-Apraku ◽  
R. Akinwale
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Population Improvement ◽  
Hybrid Development ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Badu-Apraku, B. and Akinwale, R. O. 2011. Identification of early-maturing maize inbred lines based on multiple traits under drought and low N environments for hybrid development and population improvement. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 931–942. Drought and low nitrogen stresses are major limiting factors to maize (Zea mays L.) production and productivity in West and Central Africa. Studies were conducted from 2007 to 2009 at three locations in Nigeria under induced drought stress and low nitrogen conditions. The objective was to identify superior inbred lines for use as parents for hybrid production and for introgression into maize breeding populations. The inbreds TZEI 17, TZEI 13, TZEI 23, TZEI 2, TZEI 3, TZEI 22, TZEI 7, TZEI 11, and TZEI 8 were identified as the most promising parents under drought stress. Under low N, TZEI 7, TZEI 11, TZEI 2, TZEI 4, TZEI 10, TZEI 8, and TZEI 22 were selected. TZEI 11, TZEI 2, TZEI 8, and TZEI 22 had combined tolerance to drought stress and low N and could be used as germplasm sources for introgression of tolerance genes as well as for the development of drought and/or low-N-tolerant hybrids. Under drought stress, TZEI 17, TZEI 3, TZEI 23, and TZEI 13 were the closest to the ideal genotype, while TZEI 7, TZEI 2, and TZEI 11 were the closest under low-N conditions.

scholarly journals Treatment of Sorghum Grains with Calcium Hydroxide for Calcium Enrichment

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpa Bharati ◽  
M. P. Vaidehi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Untreated Sample ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Sorghum Grains ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Four varieties of sorghum grain (SB-1079, DSH-1, CSH-5, and SB-905) were subjected to four methods of treatment with saturated calcium hydroxide solution (soaking and drying with and without washing for germinated and ungerminated grains) for five different periods: dipping only, or 4, 8, 16, or 32 hours of soaking. Among all the varieties, treated germinated grain showed a higher calcium content than treated ungerminated grain. Irrespective of the method or duration of soaking, SB-905 showed a significantly lower calcium content than the other varieties. A maximum calcium content of 253.6 mg per 100 g of grain was obtained in the DSH-1 variety when germinated grain was soaked and dried, compared to a 55.0 mg per 100 g in the untreated sample. Washing after soaking resulted in a decreased calcium content in both germinated and ungerminated grains. Increasing the soaking time from simple dipping to four or eight hours resulted in a significant increase in calcium content. Further increases in soaking time to 16 or 32 hours caused a significant reduction in calcium content.

Pattern of patients recovered in psychiatric rehabilitation services: defining homogeneous groups. Multivariate analysis of a sample

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Alessandra Marinoni ◽  
Adriana Carolei ◽  
Marcello Paglione ◽  
Carlo Di Pietrantonj ◽  
Giovanni Foresti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Psychiatric Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
The People ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

SummaryObjective – To provide a multidimensional description about the pattern of patients recovered in some Psychiatric Rehabilitation Sevices, as emerging from identification of similar groups regarded the total severity. Design and Setting – A cross-sectional survey has been conducted on patients recovered in 4 Northern-Italy Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services. A statistical bottom-up analysis (Principal Components and Cluster Analysis) has been performed. Main outcome measures – Any patient has been evaluated using a questionnaire with well-known rating scales (BPRS-psychiatric rating, Katx index and IADL index, IDS index of comorbidity) together with informations on sex, age, social and economic state, psychiatic history, therapeutic devices and staff involvement. Results – We analyzed 455 patients. 267 (58.7%) male and the mean age is 58.517.9. After statistical analysis, 4 clusters of patients has been found: the first group (106 patients) is younger, descrided as not seriuosly compromised, mostly with psychotic problems; the second (96 patients, most of them woman with diagnosis of demetia) is much older, with serious problems of indipendency and comorbidity. The third (82 patients) and fourth (171 patients) group show intermediate patterns. The level of care requested by these groups has been provided. Conclusions – Our results show the usefulness of sophisticated statistical methods to describe patients recovered in psychiatric rehabilitation services. Moreover, our findings could be useful as good proposal to the people involved in this field, planning an active intervention in this area.

The metabolizable energy content for the chicken of maize and sorghum grain hybrids grown at several geographical regions

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (82) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Connor ◽  
AR Neill ◽  
KM Barram
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Sorghum Grains ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Metabolizable energy assays using Australorp chickens were carried out on sorghum and maize hybrids grown in different regions in Queensland and harvested in different years. Relationships between metabolizable energy and the chemical composition of the grains were examined. Some comparisons also were made between the energy metabolized by different strains of chickens. The mean nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy values and standard deviations for all maize and sorghum grains were 3770 � 154 (n = 48) and 3750 � 239 (n = 39) kcal per kg dry matter, respectively. There were significant differences in metabolizable energy values between locations and years of harvest for both grains. Significant differences were seen between sorghum hybrids, but not between maize hybrids. The interactions, hybrid x region and hybrid x year, also were significant for sorghum. Correlations between metabolizable energy and chemical composition of the grains were not sufficiently high to enable metabolizable energy to be predicted with the accuracy necessary for practical application. Chickens from a White Leghorn and two commercial broiler strains gave similar metabolizable energy values to those obtained with the Australorp chickens.

scholarly journals Growth Response of Seedlings of Four Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre. Ex. A. Froehner) Clones to Drought Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Novie Pranata Erdiansyah ◽  
Ade Wachjar ◽  
Eko Sulistyono ◽  
Supijatno Supijatno
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors

Drought is one of the limiting factors for the growth and yield of coffee plants. Drought due to long dry season has caused many losses for coffee plantations. This study aimed to evaluate the response of four Robusta coffee clones to drought stress at seedling stage and determine the best clone with high tolerance to drought. The study was conducted in Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Reseach Institute (ICCRI) Jember, East Java in November 2018–Mei 2019. The experimental design used a Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor has consisted of five levels drought through providing volume watering based coefficient and evaporation value of free water surface (Eo), namely: 0.5 Eo; 1.0 Eo; 1.5 Eo; 2.0 Eo; 2.5 Eo (control). The second factor has consisted of four Robusta coffee clones, namely: BP 409 (drought tolerant clone); BP 308; BP 939 and BP 358 (vulnerable to drought stres). The result showed that reduction in the volume of watering from 2.5 Eo until 0.5 Eo causes drought, reduce coffee growth linearly. Clone BP 409 and BP 939 had better tolerance of drought stress compared with BP 308 and BP 358. The anatomical adaptation of leaves of BP 409 to drought stress was by thickening of wax layer and palisade tissue. BP 939 thickened its leaves due to drought stress as a mechanism of adaptation to such condition.

scholarly journals Endophyte-infection reduces leaf dehydration of ryegrass and tall fescue plants under moderate water deficit

2013 ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. He ◽  
J.-H B. Hatier ◽  
S.D. Card ◽  
C. Matthew
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Deep Root ◽  
Root Allocation ◽  
Relative Water

Drought stress is one of the limiting factors in perennial ryegrass growth and development. In order to investigate the drought responses among different cultivars and evaluate the role of fungal endophyte in modifying drought responses, a glasshouse experiment was conducted using ryegrass cultivars 'Alto' and 'Banquet II', and a Mediterranean tall fescue cultivar, 'Grasslands Flecha' as contrast with the two ryegrass cultivars. Under drought stress 'Flecha' had a higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rate than the two ryegrass cultivars, and also significantly greater deeproot allocation. Endophyte-infected plants exhibited reduced leaf dehydration under stress compared with endophyte-free plants. Under stress, endophyte-free plants displayed significantly lower relative water content and a more negative leaf water potential and osmotic potential than well-watered endophyte-free plants, whereas endophyte-infected plants displayed smaller and non-significant changes when subjected to water deficit stress. Endophyte-infected plants also had less deep-root allocation than endophyte-free plants. The results of this study increase understanding of the relationship between endophytes and their ryegrass or tall fescue hosts under drought stress. Keywords: deep-root allocation, Epichloë, gas exchange parameters, Neotyphodium, plant water relations, Lolium perenne

scholarly journals Relationships between canopy assimilation surface capacity traits and grain productivity of winter wheat genotypes under drought stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Morgun ◽  
G. Pryadkina ◽  
O. Stasik ◽  
O. Zborivska
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Chlorophyll Index

Aim. A comparative analysis of several traits of the capacity of the assimilation apparatus of 10 varieties and 2 lines of winter wheat from Ukraine, under conditions of insuffi cient precipitation and elevated air temperature during the period, when the reproductive organs formed (GS 30–49), in order to search for phenotypic markers associated with high productivity. Methods. Field, morphometric, spectrophotometric and statistical methods were used. Results. The maximum difference in yield between varieties and lines, which grew under condi- tions of insuffi cient water supply and high temperatures in April and May of growing season 2017/2018, was 24.7 %. Under these conditions, the highest grain productivity was observed for the new varieties Pochayna, Hospodarka and Kyivska 17 (8.60–8.73 t/ha) and a high canopy leaves chlorophyll index at late stages of ontogenesis (0.38-0.48 g chlorophyll/m 2 at milky-wax ripeness). This was opposed to varieties Smuhlianka, Poradnytsia and the line UK 392/15 with the lowest yield (7.00–7.25 t/ha) and assimilation surface at this stage (0.07–0.17 g chlorophyll/m 2 ). At the fl owering stage (anthesis) the most productive varieties exceeded the least productive ones, on average, by 30 % in leaves fresh weight of the canopy, by 24 % in content of total (a+b) chlorophyll and by 60 % in canopy chlorophyll index. At milky-wax ripeness, the differences between these varieties increased signifi cantly – up to 136 % in leaf fresh weight of canopy, 57 % in chlorophyll content and 350 % in canopy leaves chlorophyll index. A close positive correlation (r = 0.69–0.77, P ˂ 0.01) between the canopy photosynthetic apparatus traits at milky-wax ripeness with the yield of varieties and lines of winter wheat under drought and high temperature stress was found. Conclusions. The results show that the leaves fresh weight of canopy and canopy leaves chlorophyll index can be used as markers of grain productivity of winter wheat under drought stress, as well as for the possible development of molecular genetic criteria of breeding, based on these phenotypic characteristics.

scholarly journals Drought effects on the mineral composition of the leaves of Actinidia species

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-722
Author(s):  
N.V. Tetyannikov ◽  
N.V. Кozak ◽  
D.V. Panischeva ◽  
M.E. Mertvischeva ◽  
М.S. Gins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
High Concentrations

Against the background of global climate change, drought stress has become one of the environmental limiting factors that can significantly influence the growth and development of crop plants. Drought stress conditions also cause changes in plant physiological and metabolic processes. The influence of soil drought on the mineral composition of the leaves of two Actinidia species with С3-type photosynthesis, namely, Actinidia argutа (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. cultivar ‘Taezhny Dar’ and Actinidia kolomikta (Maxim. & Rupr.) Maxim. cultivar ‘Narodnaya’, was studied through energy dispersive spectrometry. The investigations were carried out during 2020 to 2021 at the Department of Genofonde and Bioresources of Plants, Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Moscow. The present research revealed that actinidia leaves contained the following major elements: K (11.19 mass% to 13.84 mass%), Ca (7.83% to 12.08 mass%), Cl (6.20 mass% to 7.33 mass%), and Mg (2.98 mass% to 3.44 mass%). Low values were recorded for Mo (1.19 mass% to 4.49 mass%) and P (0.83 mass% to 1.25 mass%). In both species, the mineral elements K and Ca were present at high levels. A positive correlation was observed between Mg–P, K–Mn, Mn–Se, Cu-Se, P–Si, Na–Mo, and Si–Mn in the leaves of A. argutа and between Cl–Ca, Mo; P–Si, Mo; and K–Ca in the leaves of A. kolomikta. Under stress conditions, the ratios of K/Ca and K/P declined to 0.9 and 6.3, respectively, whereas those of K/Cl, K/Mg, and K/Mo increased to 3.8, 4.4, and 2.7, respectively. The present studies confirmed that actinidia leaves contained high concentrations of minerals, especially K, Ca, P, and Mg, and that the accumulation of mineral elements in actinidia plant leaves under drought conditions varied depending on the species.

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