Extremely Elevated Total Mercury and Methylmercury in Forage Plants in a Large-Scale Abandoned Hg Mining Site: A Potential Risk of Exposure to Grazing Animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-530
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Qian ◽  
Chendong Yang ◽  
Xiaohang Xu ◽  
Ming Ao ◽  
Zhidong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Hg Mining

scholarly journals Extremely Elevated Total Mercury and Methylmercury in Forage Plants in a World Large-scale Abandoned Hg Mining Site: A Potential Risk of Exposure to Grazing Animals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Qian ◽  
Chendong Yang ◽  
Xiaohang Xu ◽  
Ming Ao ◽  
Zhidong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Hg Mining

Abstract Ninety-five wild forage plants (belonging to 22 species of 18 families) and their corresponding rhizosphere soil samples were collected from wastelands of a world large-scale abandoned Hg mining region for total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) analysis. The forage plant communities on the wastelands were dominated by the Asteraceae, Crassulaceae and Polygonaceae families. The THg and MeHg concentrations in the forage plants varied widely and were in the range of 0.10 to 13 mg/kg and 0.19 to 23 μg/kg, respectively. Shoots of Aster ageratoides showed the highest average THg concentration of 12±1.1 mg/kg, while those of Aster subulatus had the highest average MeHg concentrations of 7.4±6.1 μg/kg. Both the THg and MeHg concentrations in the aboveground plant parts exhibited positive correlations with the THg (r=0.70, P<0.01) and MeHg (r=0.68, P<0.01) concentrations in the roots but these were not correlated with the THg and MeHg concentrations in their rhizosphere soils. The species A. ageratoides, A. subulatus, and S. brachyotus showed strong accumulation of Hg and are of concern for herbivorous/omnivorous wildlife and feeding livestock. Taking the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) values for IHg recommended by the JECFA (2010) for human dietary exposure of 4 ng/g into account, grazing on 1.0 kg of forage (dry weight) by a 65 kg animal would mean that the daily intake of IHg was between 190-13200 μg, which reaches 3-5 order of magnitude higher than the permitted limit, suggesting a potential risk of exposure.

scholarly journals Distributions of total mercury and methylmercury in dragonflies from a large abandoned mercury mining region in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaoen Wu ◽  
Shunlin Tang ◽  
Jialiang Han ◽  
Chan Li ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Mining Region ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Total Hg ◽  
Hg Mining ◽  
Mercury Mining ◽  
Pantala Flavescens

Abstract Dragonflies (Order Odonata) are often considered to be biosentinels of environmental contamination. Dragonflies (n = 439) belonging to 15 species of eight genera were collected from an abandoned mercury (Hg) mining region in China to investigate the bioaccumulation of total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg). The THg and MeHg concentrations in dragonflies varied widely within ranges of 0.06–19 mg/kg and 0.02–5.7 mg/kg, respectively. THg and MeHg were positively correlated with bodyweight (THg: r2 = 0.10, P = 0.000; MeHg: r2 = 0.09, P = 0.000). Significant variations were observed among species, with the highest MeHg value (in Orthetrum triangulare) being 5-fold higher than the lowest (in Pantala flavescens). These variations were consistent with those of nitrogen isotope (δ15N) values. A health risk assessment found hazard quotients for specialist dragonfly-consuming birds of up to 7.2, which is 2.4 times greater than the permissible limit of 3, suggesting a potential health risk of exposure.

scholarly journals Exposure of Petrol Station Attendants and Auto Mechanics to Premium Motor Sprit Fumes in Calabar, Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Udonwa ◽  
E. K. Uko ◽  
B. M. Ikpeme ◽  
I. A. Ibanga ◽  
B. O. Okon
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Petrol Station ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

A population-based-cross-sectional survey was carried out to investigate the potential risk of exposure to premium motor spirit (PMS) fumes in Calabar, Nigeria, among Automobile Mechanics (AM), Petrol Station Attendants (PSA) and the general population. Structured questionnaire was administered on the randomly chosen subjects to elicit information on their exposure to PMS. Duration of exposure was taken as the length of work in their various occupations. Venous blood was taken for methaemoglobin (MetHb) and packed cells volume (PCV). Mean MetHb value was higher in AM (7.3%) and PSA (5.8%) than in the subjects from the general population (2.7%). PCV was lower in PSA (30.8%), than AM (33.3%) and the subjects from the general population (40.8%). MetHb level was directly proportional, and PCV inversely related, to the duration of exposure. The study suggested increased exposure to petrol fumes among AM, PSA, and MetHb as a useful biomarker in determining the level of exposure to benzene in petrol vapour.

scholarly journals Mercury distribution in the upper troposphere and lower most stratosphere according to measurements by the IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory, 2014–2016

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Slemr ◽  
Andreas Weigelt ◽  
Ralf Ebinghaus ◽  
Johannes Bieser ◽  
Carl A. M. Brenninkmeijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Signal Integration ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Cloud Scavenging ◽  
Passenger Aircraft ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Abstract. Mercury was measured onboard the IAGOS-CARIBIC passenger aircraft since May 2005 until February 2016 during nearly monthly sequences of mostly four intercontinental flights from Germany to destinations in North and South America, Africa, and South and East Asia. Most of these mercury data were obtained using an internal default signal integration procedure of the Tekran instrument but since April 2014 more precise and accurate data were obtained using post-flight manual integration of the instrument raw signal. In this paper we use the latter data. Elevated upper tropospheric total mercury (TM) concentrations due to large scale biomass burning were observed in the upper troposphere (UT) at the equator and southern latitudes during the flights to Latin America and South Africa in boreal autumn (SON) and boreal winter (DJF). TM concentrations in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) decrease with altitude above the thermal tropopause but the gradient is less steep than reported before. Seasonal variation of the vertical TM distribution in the UT and LMS is similar to that of other trace gases with surface sources and stratospheric sinks. Using speciation experiments, we show that nearly identical TM and gaseous elementary mercury (GEM) concentrations exist at and below the tropopause. Above the thermal tropopause GEM concentrations are almost always smaller than those of TM and the TM – GEM (i.e. Hg2+) difference increases up to ~ 40 % of TM at ~ 2 km and more above the thermal tropopause. Correlations with N2O as a reference tracer suggest stratospheric lifetimes of 72 ± 37 and 74 ± 27 yr for TM and GEM, respectively, comparable to the stratospheric lifetime of COS. This coincidence, combined with pieces of evidence from us and other researchers, corroborates the hypothesis that Hg2+ formed by oxidation in the stratosphere attaches to sulfate particles formed mainly by oxidation of COS and is removed with them from the stratosphere by air mass exchange, gravitational sedimentation, and cloud scavenging processes.

ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL RISK OF EXPOSURE TO HEAVY METALS FROM HAZARDOUS WASTE LANDFILLS

Epidemiology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S103
Author(s):  
S Tarkowski ◽  
A Buczyñska ◽  
Z Murowaniecki ◽  
R Rolecki
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Hazardous Waste Landfills

scholarly journals Children with amalgam dental restorations have significantly elevated blood and urine mercury levels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yin ◽  
Simon Lin ◽  
Anne O Summers ◽  
Van Roper ◽  
Matthew J Campen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Mercury ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Dental Restorations ◽  
Mercury In Urine ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Human exposure to organic mercury (Hg) as methylmercury (MeHg) from seafood consumption is widely considered a health risk because pure methylmercury is extremely neurotoxic. In contrast, the clinical significance of Hg exposure from amalgam (AMG) dental restorations, the only other major non-occupational source of Hg exposure, has long been debated. Here we examined data from the two most recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) on 14,181 subjects to assess the contributions of seafood consumption versus AMG to blood total mercury (THg), inorganic mercury (IHg), and methyl mercury (MeHg) and to urine creatinine corrected mercury (UTHg). All subjects were also classified as to their self-reported qualitative consumption of seafood (59% fish and 44% shellfish). Subjects with restorations were grouped into three groups, (0) those without AMG (64.4%), (1) those with 1-5 dental AMG restorations (19.7%), (2) those with more than five AMG (16%). Seafood consumption increased total mercury in urine (UTHg) and total mercury (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) in blood, but unlike AMG, seafood did not increase blood inorganic mercury (IHg). Using stratified covariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (GLM) analyses revealed a strong correlation of blood (THg and IHg) and urine (UTHg) levels with the number of AMGs. In a subpopulation without fish consumption, having more than five AMG restorations raised blood THg (103%), IHg (221%), and urine UTHg (221%) over the group without AMG. The most striking difference was noted in classification by age: subjects under six years old with more than five AMG restorations had the highest blood IHg and urine UTHg among all age groups. Elevation of bivalent IHg on a large scale in children warrants urgent in-depth risk assessment with specific attention to genetic- and gender-associated vulnerabilities.

scholarly journals WILD-GROWING FORAGE PLANTS OF THE TVER REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Николай Козлов ◽  
Nikolay Kozlov ◽  
Николай Малюженец ◽  
Nikolay Malyuzhenets ◽  
Валентина Коровина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Wild Food ◽  
Wild Food Plants ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
River Deposits ◽  
Tver Region

With the aim of exploring and mobilize genetic resources of forage plants of the Central non-Chernozem region from 01 to 10 August 2017, an expedition survey of wild genetic resources and collection of promising forms in the Tver region was conducted. The route of the expedition passed through Staritsa, Rzhev, Ostashkov, Torzhok, Vyshnevolotsk, Bezhetsk, Kesovogorsk and Kalyazin area. The length of the route was 1.8 thousand kilometers, covering the main ecological and geographical diversity of the Tver region. When examining and collecting the most promising forms of wild food plants of the Tver region have used the qualifiers "Cereals of the USSR" (Tsvelev N.N.), "Herbaceous plants of the USSR": in 2 volumes (editorship T.A. Rabotnov). Field and laboratory about the inspections were conducted in accordance with "Federal instructions for conducting geobotanical survey of the natural pastures and the compilation of large-scale geobotanical maps" (1984). Coordinates of the survey sites and collection of promising forms of forage plants were determined using the Tablet-Navigator "ASUS" and software "Navitel". The richest species diversity of forage plants was found in phytocenoses of floodplain meadows of the Volga river, deposits and lakes of the Tver region watershed. Collected 140 samples of aboriginal food plants of the representatives of the families Gramineae (22 species) and Fabaceae (14 species), promising to replenish the regional collections and the creation of environmentally sustainable varieties of crops. Special interest in Cereals has cocksfoot and fescue, the dominant in most plant communities of the floodplains and reservoirs. Most forms of these species have brown color of stems, leaves and inflorescences, as a reaction of species to recurrent spring frosts.

scholarly journals Risk-Based surveillance as a strategic tool to improve food safety in the russian consumer market

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1398-1406
Author(s):  
Nina V. Zaitseva ◽  
Irina V. May
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction. Protecting consumers’ lives and health in a condition when the number of producers and the variety of food products is continually growing is one of the state’s strategic tasks and the goals of the administrative reform in the Russian Federation. Material and methods. The work uses methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization of the existing in international practice methodological approaches and criteria to assess product safety in planning control and supervision activities, assessing the risk of harm to human health, applied the comparative legal method, methods of mathematical modeling and other methods used when searching legal and analytical research. Results. A risk-oriented model of control and supervisory activities for food safety is proposed and tested. The model is built under the general principles of the risk assessment methodology and is based on the analysis of the results of previous checks, studies and trials, data from epidemiological studies and relevant scientific literature. The model assumes three successively implemented stages: the categorization (classification) of the economic entity’s activities according to the potential risk of harm to health. Target - to select facilities for the most frequent and in-depth inspections by the supervisory authorities. The second stage is the classification of food products according to the potential risk to consumer health to justify the types of food products subject to priority supervision during scheduled inspections of economic entities. The third stage is constructing “risk profiles” of certain products to optimize laboratory control of food safety. Discussion. The construction of risk-oriented control based on the principle of step-by-step substantiation and clarification of supervision objects was shown to ensure the targeting of authority and an increase in inspection pressure on precisely those objects that are characterized by the most frequent violations of legal requirements with the most severe and large-scale consequences for health. Increasing the control density at the highest risk categories’ facilities does not require additional resources from the regulator. It is still implemented by removing facilities with moderate or low risk from planned supervision and optimizing laboratory support. Conclusion. Work out and implement a risk-based food safety surveillance model corresponds to the strategic vector of development of state control (supervision) in the Russian Federation. The system assumes that “risky” goods are unsafe for the consumer’s health. Accordingly, their producers, distributors, and sellers should be under robust inspection, including laboratory supervision, and precisely according to those indicators for which these risks are most significant. The system is in a dynamic state and development.

scholarly journals Kontaminasi Residu Pestisida Organofosfat di Dalam Tanaman Holtikultura

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Widia Purnamasari ◽  
Moch Irfan Hadi ◽  
Eva Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticides ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticide ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Risk Of Exposure

Excessive use of organophosphate pesticides is becoming more common these days. This can affect the level of pesticide residues in farmers' crops. Excessive spraying of pesticides can result in environmental pollution both small and large scale. If excessive exposure to these pesticides can cause damage to the ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of organophosphate pesticide residues found in horticulture plants. This research method is a systematic review, by analyzing various studies regarding the contamination of organophosphate pesticide residues in horticultural crops. There are 20 studies from within the country. The results obtained in the form of levels of pesticide residues that are still below the threshold of the BMR (Maximum Residue Limit) of pesticides determined by SNI. Two other studies show that no pesticide residue content was detected. Conclusion: This shows that the sample tested is still safe for consumption. Socialization and education about the doses of pesticide use and how to reduce levels of pesticides in horticultural crops are needed to reduce the risk of exposure to pesticides

Potential risk of residential asbestos exposure: Japanese general screening study for asbestos-related diseases (JGSARD).

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12541-e12541
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Seki ◽  
Takuhiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Kenji Eguchi ◽  
Masahiro Kaneko ◽  
Masahiko Kusumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
False Negative ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Pleural Plaque ◽  
Screening Study

e12541 Background: Currently, an argument about health risks by residential asbestos exposure as well as occupational asbestos exposure has been closed up in Japan. Therefore, the latest large-scale CT screening study reflective of a country's general situation of asbestos exposure will help citizens understand significant information about asbestos-related diseases. Methods: JGSARD is a prospective cohort study for the general population representative of Japan designed to evaluate the actual situation of asbestos exposure and the prevalence of asbestos-related diseases through chest radiography and low-dose CT (LDCT) at baseline and after 2 years of follow-up. From 2006 to 2008, 9810 subjects (mean age, 57 years; 54% male and 50% smokers) underwent baseline screening at 26 institutions in Japan. Lifetime self-reported history of asbestos exposure (SHAE) was obtained. Results: Occupational SHAE was definite and possible in 1103 (11.2%) and 1702 (17.3%) subjects, respectively, whereas residential SHAE was definite and possible in 262 (2.7%) and 931 (9.5%) subjects, respectively, although asbestos factory in their residential areas actually existed in 2870 (29.3%) subjects. The false negative rates of residential SHAE in all participants of this study (n=9810), those with pleural plaque on LDCT (n=264), and those with pleural plaque without occupational SHAE (n=83) were calculated as high value of 85.6%, 76.0%, and 87.9%, respectively. Presence of pleural plaque was significantly correlated with male (odds ratio [OR], 2.32), age 60 years and older (OR, 1.75), smoking (OR, 1.60), occupational or residential SHAE (OR, 3.92), residential period in asbestos factory area (OR every 10 years, 1.13), and asbestos-related work period (7 works identified). Lung cancer was identified in 29 (0.3%) subjects. Presence of lung cancer was significantly correlated with age 60 years and older (OR, 2.67) and presence of pleural plaque (OR, 4.17) regardless of occupational and residential SHAE. Conclusions: Our results indicate the potential risk of residential asbestos exposure and thus the importance of public relations and enlightenment for them among Japanese general population.

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