Kontaminasi Residu Pestisida Organofosfat di Dalam Tanaman Holtikultura

Excessive use of organophosphate pesticides is becoming more common these days. This can affect the level of pesticide residues in farmers' crops. Excessive spraying of pesticides can result in environmental pollution both small and large scale. If excessive exposure to these pesticides can cause damage to the ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of organophosphate pesticide residues found in horticulture plants. This research method is a systematic review, by analyzing various studies regarding the contamination of organophosphate pesticide residues in horticultural crops. There are 20 studies from within the country. The results obtained in the form of levels of pesticide residues that are still below the threshold of the BMR (Maximum Residue Limit) of pesticides determined by SNI. Two other studies show that no pesticide residue content was detected. Conclusion: This shows that the sample tested is still safe for consumption. Socialization and education about the doses of pesticide use and how to reduce levels of pesticides in horticultural crops are needed to reduce the risk of exposure to pesticides

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Kontaminasi Residu Pestisida Organoposfat: Klorpirifos, Fenitrotion dan Profenofos dalam Bivalvia yang Ditangkap di Pesisir Utara Pulau Jawa

Jurnal Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.14710/jkt.v22i2.6274 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Chrisna Adhi Suryono ◽

Agus Sabdono ◽

Subagiyo Subagiyo

Keyword(s):

Pesticide Residues ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

North Coast ◽

Organophosphate Pesticides ◽

Test Results ◽

Organophosphate Pesticide ◽

Anova Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Seawater Samples

Organophosphate pesticides were widely used in agriculture and OPP which was less accumulative and degradable but It has been found in an aquatic environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of organophosphate pesticide residues in bivalve which was fishing in North Coast of Java specifically the Demak and Surabaya. Bivalvia, sediment and seawater samples were analysed using GC-MS. The results showed that the bivalves of A inaequivalvis, P viridis, A pectinata captured in Demak and Surabaya were contaminated with organophosphate pesticide of chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion and profenofos. The chlorpyrifos was found in all species of bivalves, but the highest concentrations of OPP were profenophos> chlorpyrifos > fenitrothion respectively. ANOVA test results show that there was a very significant difference in OPP residues in bivalves p = 0.009, but there was no difference in OPP residues between locations.Organoposfat pestisida (OPP) banyak digunakan secara meluas dalam pertanian dan OPP tersebut kurang akumulatif dan mudah terurai namun keberdaanya telah di temukan dala lingkungan perairan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat akumulasi residu pestisida organoposfat yang terdapat di bivalvia yang ditangkap di pesisir Utara Jawa khususnya wilayah Demak dan Surabaya. Sampel bivalvia, sedimen dan air laut dianalisa menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bivalvia A inaequivalvis, P viridis, A pectinata yang ditangkap di Demak dan Surabaya terkontaminasi pestisida organoposfat jenis Klorpirifos, Fenitrotion dan Profenofos. Klorpirifos ditemukan pada semua bivalvia, namun konsentrasi tertinggi OPP secara berurutan profenofos > klorpirifos > fenitrotion. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukan adanya perbedaan yang sangat nyata residu OPP dalam bivalvia p= 0.009, namun tidak ada berbedaan residu OPP antar wilayah lokasi.

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Collaborative Study of the Ethyl Acetate Extraction, Sweep Co-distillation Cleanup, and GLC Determination, Using Six Parent Organophosphate Pesticides

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/51.3.662 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 662-665 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R W Storherr ◽

R R Watts

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Methyl Parathion ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Organophosphate Pesticides ◽

Organophosphate Pesticide ◽

Specific Group

Abstract Nine chemists in five laboratories collaborated in testing the combined rapid ethyl acetate extraction and sweep co-distillation cleanup method for multiple organophosphate pesticide residues in crops. Pesticides were detected by GLC with the potassium thermionic detector. The six pesticides studied were Diazinon, methyl parathion, malathion, parathion, ethion, and carbophenothion. Six crops—kale, carrots, lettuce, apples, potatoes, and strawberries—were divided into three groups, and each laboratory was selected to work with a specific group. With unknown fortification levels of 1.0 and 0.5 ppm, the collaborators obtained recoveries of 90+% at each level.

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CEMARAN BAKTERI DAN RESIDU PESTISIDA PADA BUAH ANGGUR

Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan ◽

10.37012/jik.v11i2.91 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 147-152

Author(s):

Armita Athennia ◽

Ryan Suparman

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Food Safety ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

National Standard ◽

Organophosphate Pesticide ◽

Maximum Residue Limit ◽

Safety Issues ◽

Safe Limits ◽

Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽

Food Commodity

Buah merupakan komoditas pangan yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh rumah tangga di Indonesia, baik dalam keadaan segar. Dikaitkan dengan masalah keamanan pangan, buah-buahan ini dapat dikatakan sebagai jenis buah yang berpeluang mengandung residu pestisida melebihi batas maksimum residu karena buah disemprot pestisida secara langsung selama proses produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan residu pestisida (golongan organofosfat) dan bakteri Escherichia coli pada buah anggur lokal dan Impor. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian survey observational. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anggur impor dan lokal yang di beli pada 3 pedagang berbeda.Pengambilan sampel di Pasar Induk Kramat Jati. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa keberadan Escherichia coli pada buah anggur lokal dan impor adalah 0,3 MPN/g dibawah standar nasional Indonesia dan ditemukan residu pestisida organofosfat pada buah anggur impor dan lokal namun kadarnya masih dalam batas aman. Fruit is a food commodity that is widely consumed by households in Indonesia, both in fresh condition. Associated with food safety issues, these fruits can be said to be a type of fruit that has the potential to contain pesticide residues exceeding the maximum residue limit because the fruit is directly sprayed with pesticides during the production process. This study aims to determine the presence of pesticide residues (organophosphate groups) and Escherichia coli bacteria in local and imported grapes. The samples in this study were imported and local grapes which were purchased at 3 different traders at Kramat Jati Central Market. The results showed that the presence of Escherichia coli in local and imported grapes was 0.3 MPN/g which below the Indonesian national standard. The organophosphate pesticide residues in imported and local grapes levels were still within safe limits. Kata Kunci : bakteri, escherichia coli, residu pestisida, anggur, buahKeyword : bacteria, escherichia coli, pesticide residue, grapes, fruit

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A Sweep Co-distillation Cleanup Method for Organophosphate Pesticides.

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/48.6.1154 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 1154-1158

Author(s):

R W Storherr ◽

R R Watts

Keyword(s):

Column Chromatography ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Methyl Parathion ◽

Organophosphate Pesticides ◽

Organophosphate Pesticide ◽

Distillation Method ◽

Adsorption Column ◽

Column Method ◽

Better Than

Abstract A simple sweep co-distillation method which uses the Storherr tube was developed for cleanup of 2 g or less of crude crop extracts which contain organophosphate pesticide residues. Five crops (kale, carrots, apples, strawberries, and potatoes) were fortified at levels of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 ppm with a mixture containing Trithion, diazinon, malathion, methyl parathion, and parathion. The sweep co-distillation method was compared with the adsorption column method by use of this mixture. The range of average per cent recoveries were 89–101% and 83–96%, respectively. The cleanup required approximately 20 minutes per sample and was as good as, and in many cases better than, adsorption column chromatography. Detection of the organophosphate pesticides was performed by GLC with the thermionic detector.

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Therapy of post-stroke depression – a systematic review

Die Psychiatrie ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1670863 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (02) ◽

pp. 108-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. Gaebel ◽

W. Wannagat ◽

J. Zielasek

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Large Scale ◽

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Pharmacological Studies ◽

Post Stroke Depression ◽

Control Procedures ◽

Antidepressant Pharmacotherapy

SummaryWe performed a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled pharmacological and non-pharmacological trials for the therapy and prevention of post-stroke depression that have been published between 1980 and 2011. We initially identified 2 260 records of which 28 studies were finally included into this review. A meta-analytic approach was hampered by considerable differences regarding the kinds of therapeutic regimens and the study durations. Modest effects favoring treatment of post-stroke depression could be found for pharmacological treatment as well as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. For the prevention of post-stroke depression, antidepressant pharmacotherapy showed promising results. However, large-scale studies with better standardized study populations, optimized placebo control procedures in non-pharmacological studies, and replication in larger follow-up studies are still necessary to find the optimal therapeutic regimens to prevent and treat post-stroke depression.

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Diagnosis of tuberculosis in wildlife: a systematic review

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s13567-020-00881-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jobin Thomas ◽

Ana Balseiro ◽

Christian Gortázar ◽

María A. Risalde

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Test Performance ◽

Diagnostic Tests ◽

Large Scale ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Review Literature ◽

Meat Industry ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Ongoing Research

AbstractAnimal tuberculosis (TB) is a multi-host disease caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Due to its impact on economy, sanitary standards of milk and meat industry, public health and conservation, TB control is an actively ongoing research subject. Several wildlife species are involved in the maintenance and transmission of TB, so that new approaches to wildlife TB diagnosis have gained relevance in recent years. Diagnosis is a paramount step for screening, epidemiological investigation, as well as for ensuring the success of control strategies such as vaccination trials. This is the first review that systematically addresses data available for the diagnosis of TB in wildlife following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The article also gives an overview of the factors related to host, environment, sampling, and diagnostic techniques which can affect test performance. After three screenings, 124 articles were considered for systematic review. Literature indicates that post-mortem examination and culture are useful methods for disease surveillance, but immunological diagnostic tests based on cellular and humoral immune response detection are gaining importance in wildlife TB diagnosis. Among them, serological tests are especially useful in wildlife because they are relatively inexpensive and easy to perform, facilitate large-scale surveillance and can be used both ante- and post-mortem. Currently available studies assessed test performance mostly in cervids, European badgers, wild suids and wild bovids. Research to improve diagnostic tests for wildlife TB diagnosis is still needed in order to reach accurate, rapid and cost-effective diagnostic techniques adequate to a broad range of target species and consistent over space and time to allow proper disease monitoring.

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Neuroimaging Findings in Adolescents and Young Adults with Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review

Children ◽

10.3390/children8020137 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Kalliopi Kappou ◽

Myrto Ntougia ◽

Aikaterini Kourtesi ◽

Eleni Panagouli ◽

Elpis Vlachopapadopoulou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Young Adults ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Large Scale ◽

Temporal Cortex ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Pubmed Central ◽

Executive Control Network ◽

Young Females ◽

Weight Restoration

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious, multifactorial mental disorder affecting predominantly young females. This systematic review examines neuroimaging findings in adolescents and young adults up to 24 years old, in order to explore alterations associated with disease pathophysiology. Methods: Eligible studies on structural and functional brain neuroimaging were sought systematically in PubMed, CENTRAL and EMBASE databases up to 5 October 2020. Results: Thirty-three studies were included, investigating a total of 587 patients with a current diagnosis of AN and 663 healthy controls (HC). Global and regional grey matter (GM) volume reduction as well as white matter (WM) microstructure alterations were detected. The mainly affected regions were the prefrontal, parietal and temporal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, insula, thalamus and cerebellum as well as various WM tracts such as corona radiata and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Regarding functional imaging, alterations were pointed out in large-scale brain networks, such as default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN) and salience network (SN). Most findings appear to reverse after weight restoration. Specific limitations of neuroimaging studies in still developing individuals are also discussed. Conclusions: Structural and functional alterations are present in the early course of the disease, most of them being partially or totally reversible. Nonetheless, neuroimaging findings have been open to many biological interpretations. Thus, more studies are needed to clarify their clinical significance.

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Current Advances in Robotics for Head and Neck Surgery—A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13061398 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1398

Author(s):

Felix Boehm ◽

Rene Graesslin ◽

Marie-Nicole Theodoraki ◽

Leon Schild ◽

Jens Greve ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Large Scale ◽

Case Series ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Neck Surgery ◽

Head And Neck Surgery ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Surgical Robots ◽

Standard Procedures

Background. In the past few years, surgical robots have recently entered the medical field, particularly in urology, gynecology, and general surgery. However, the clinical effectiveness and safety of robot-assisted surgery (RAS) in the field of head and neck surgery has not been clearly established. In this review, we evaluate to what extent RAS can potentially be applied in head and neck surgery, in which fields it is already daily routine and what advantages can be seen in comparison to conventional surgery. Data sources. For this purpose, we conducted a systematic review of trials published between 2000 and 2021, as well as currently ongoing trials registered in clinicaltrials.gov. The results were structured according to anatomical regions, for the topics “Costs,” “current clinical trials,” and “robotic research” we added separate sections for the sake of clarity. Results. Our findings show a lack of large-scale systematic randomized trials on the use of robots in head and neck surgery. Most studies include small case series or lack a control arm which enables a comparison with established standard procedures. Conclusion. The question of financial reimbursement is still not answered and the systems on the market still require some specific improvements for the use in head and neck surgery.

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Is Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw an Infection? A Histological and Microbiological Ten-Year Summary

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2014/452737 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

A. M. Hinson ◽

C. W. Smith ◽

E. R. Siegel ◽

B. C. Stack

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽

Multifactorial Disease ◽

Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽

Surgical Treatments

The role of infection in the etiology of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is poorly understood. Large-scale epidemiological descriptions of the histology and microbiology of BRONJ are not found in the literature. Herein, we present a systematic review of BRONJ histology and microbiology (including demographics, immunocompromised associations, clinical signs and symptoms, disease severity, antibiotic and surgical treatments, and recovery status) validating that infection should still be considered a prime component in the multifactorial disease.

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