Sonographic evaluation of lateral meniscal extrusion: implementation and validation

Abstract Introduction Meniscal extrusion (ME) is an important indicator of and prognostic factor for various knee pathologies. To date, no standardized protocol for the ultrasound-based examination of lateral ME exists. The purpose of the present study was to test the reliability and validity of lateral ME measurements using a standardized ultrasound-based examination protocol. Materials and Methods A group consisting of 11 healthy volunteers (Group I, male and female, 18–45 years) as well as a group of 10 consecutive patients who had undergone all-inside lateral meniscal radial tear repair were included (Group II, male and female, 23–43 years). Lateral ME, the main outcome parameter, was measured by ultrasound (US; both groups) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; Group II only). Both knees of all subjects were examined in an unloaded state and under axial compression of the knee (50% of body weight). Repeated measurements obtained in Group I by 2 observers were used for reliability testing, and the validity of US was assessed through comparison with MRI data (Group II). Results A total of 66 US images of Group I, obtained by each observer, were analyzed for reliability testing. Forty US and MR images of Group II were assessed for validation. Results showed good interrater (ICC = 0.904) and excellent intrarater (ICC = 0.942) reliability of US-based measurements of lateral ME. Agreement with MRI results was poor (ICC = 0.439), with US systematically overestimating results by 1.1 mm on average. Conclusions Ultrasound is a reliable, quick and cost-effective technique for lateral ME measurement, but results are not readily comparable with MRI. Trial registration The study was registered in the European Union Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT-Number: 2017-005037-24).

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Nonpathogenic Isolates of the Citrus Black Spot Fungus, Guignardia citricarpa, Identified as a Cosmopolitan Endophyte of Woody Plants, G. mangiferae (Phyllosticta capitalensis)

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2002.92.5.464 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 92 (5) ◽

pp. 464-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 127

Author(s):

R. P. Baayen ◽

P. J. M. Bonants ◽

G. Verkley ◽

G. C. Carroll ◽

H. A. van der Aa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

European Union ◽

Woody Plants ◽

Black Spot ◽

The United States ◽

The European Union ◽

Citrus Fruits ◽

Citrus Black Spot ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

The population structure of Guignardia citricarpa sensu lato (anamorph: Phyllosticta citricarpa), a fungus of which strains pathogenic to citrus are subject to phytosanitary legislation in the European Union and the United States, was investigated. Internal transcribed spacer sequences revealed two phylogenetically distinct groups in G. citricarpa. This distinction was supported by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis that also supported the exclusion of two isolates that had apparently been misclassified as G. citricarpa. On cherry decoction agar, but not on other media, growth rates of group I isolates were lower than those of group II isolates. Conidial dimensions were similar, but group I isolates formed conidia with barely visible mucoid sheaths, whereas those of group II formed conidia with thick sheaths. Cultures of isolates belonging to group I produced rare infertile perithecia, whereas fertile perithecia were formed by most isolates of group II. Colonies of isolates belonging to group I were less dark than those of group II, with a wider translucent outer zone and a lobate rather than entire margin. On oatmeal agar, exclusively group I isolates formed a yellow pigment. Group I harbored strains from citrus fruits with classical black spot lesions (1 to 10 mm in diameter) usually containing pycnidia. Group II harbored endophytic strains from a wide range of host species, as well as strains from symptomless citrus fruits or fruits with minute spots (<2-mm diameter) without pycnidia. These observations support the historic distinction between slowly growing pathogenic isolates and morphologically similar fast-growing, nonpathogenic isolates of G. citricarpa. The latter proved to belong to G. mangiferae (P. capitalensis), a ubiquitous endophyte of woody plants with numerous probable synonyms including G. endophyllicola, G. psidii, P. anacardiacearum, and P. theacearum. G. mangiferae occurs in the European Union and the United States on many host species including citrus, and does not cause symptoms of citrus black spot, justifying its exclusion from quarantine measures.

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Death Anxiety and Sexual Fantasy

OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying ◽

10.2190/p943-lxbt-upkd-ep34 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 117-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert A. Mednick

Keyword(s):

Graduate Students ◽

Death Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Sexual Fantasy ◽

Sexual Fantasies ◽

Male And Female ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Degree of death anxiety as a function of the frequencies of sexual fantasy was examined. Two groups of volunteer male and female graduate students were administered the Livingston-Zimet “Death Anxiety Scale” (DAS). The ninety-eight members of group I were asked to extemporaneously self-estimate the frequency of sexual fantasies per month, while the thirty-six in group II made actual daily counts of sexual fantasies with the use of wrist counters. Both groups I and II were individually divided into three subgroups as to “high,” “moderate,” and “low” death anxiety by rank-ordered scores on the DAS. Sexual fantasies were examined in three fantasy conditions: “Daydream,” “masturbatory,” and “during sex relations.” Findings from both groups I and II supported the hypothesis that those having “high” and “low” death anxiety will have more frequent sexual fantasies than “moderate” death anxious subjects.

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APPENDICULAR MASS

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2010.17.02.2341 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (02) ◽

pp. 180-184

Author(s):

SARDAR ALI ◽

HAFIZ MUHAMMED RAFIQUE

Keyword(s):

Conservative Treatment ◽

Acute Appendicitis ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Surgical Exploration ◽

Group I ◽

Variable Extent ◽

Group Ii ◽

Adhesive Intestinal Obstruction ◽

Appendicular Mass

Introduction: Appendicular mass is a common complication of acute appendicitis. The traditional treatment of this is conservative followed by delayed appendectomy. But now with advancement in all the fields of medicine early surgical exploration of the appendicular mass can be done with satisfactory results. Aims and objectives: A comparison of conservative treatment versus early surgical exploration of appendicular mass. Study Design: Experimental study. Material and Method: Two years study from December 2003 to November 2005 at district headquarters hospital Khanewal. Total 60 patients, both males and females between 12 to 65 years of age with symptoms and signs consistent with appendicular mass were included. They were randomly divided into group I (Early exploration) and group II (Conservative treatment) each containing 30 patients. A comparison of outcome between two groups was done statistically by applying studentChi-square test. Results: There was a peak incidence of acute appendicitis in Second and third decades of life. Male to female ratio was 2:1. More than 90% of patients had history of shifting of abdominal pain. 100% of the patients had inflamed appendix to variable extent on exploration. The complications in the form of adhesive intestinal obstruction; failure of treatment; lost follow up; misdiagnosis and re admissionwere less in group I. There was a significant less duration of hospital stay in group I as compared to Group II. The observations and outcome in this study are almost comparable and correspond with other studies done in this regard. Conclusion: Early surgical exploration of appendicular mass is safe and cost effective.

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Socket preservation by beta-tri-calcium phosphate with collagen compared to platelet-rich fibrin: A clinico-radiographic study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.178298 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (02) ◽

pp. 264-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Swati Das ◽

Rajesh Jhingran ◽

Vivek Kumar Bains ◽

Rohit Madan ◽

Ruchi Srivastava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Cortical Plate ◽

Socket Preservation ◽

Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽

Tissue Replacement ◽

Group I ◽

The Mean ◽

Group Ii ◽

Insight Into

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study was primarily designed to determine the clinico-radiographic efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and beta-tri-calcium phosphate with collagen (β-TCP-Cl) in preserving extraction sockets. Materials and Methods: For Group I (PRF), residual sockets (n = 15) were filled with autologous PRF obtained from patients’ blood; and for Group II (β-TCP-Cl), residual sockets (n = 15) were filled with β-TCP-Cl. For the sockets randomly selected for Group II (β-TCP-Cl), the reshaped Resorbable Tissue Replacement cone was inserted into the socket. Results: Clinically, there was a significantly greater decrease in relative socket depth, but apposition in midcrestal height in Group II (β-TCP-Cl) as compared to Group I (PRF), whereas more decrease in buccolingual width of Group I (PRF) than Group II (β-TCP-Cl) after 6 months. Radiographically, the mean difference in socket height, residual ridge, and width (coronal, middle, and apical third of socket) after 6 months was higher in Group I (PRF) as compared to Group II (β-TCP-Cl). The mean density (in Hounsfield Units) at coronal, middle, and apical third of socket was higher in Group I (PRF) as compared to Group II (β-TCP-Cl). There were statistically significant apposition and resorption for Group I (PRF) whereas nonsignificant resorption and significant apposition for Group II (β-TCP-Cl) in buccal and lingual/palatal cortical plate, respectively, at 6 months on computerized tomography scan. Conclusion: The use of either autologous PRF or β-TCP-Cl was effective in socket preservation. Results obtained from PRF were almost similar to β-TCP-Cl; therefore being autologous, nonimmune, cost-effective, easily procurable regenerative biomaterial, PRF proves to be an insight into the future biofuel for regeneration.

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Phantom-based quality assurance measurements in B-mode ultrasound

Acta Radiologica Short Reports ◽

10.1177/2047981613511967 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (8) ◽

pp. 204798161351196 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vilma Mannila ◽

Outi Sipilä

Keyword(s):

Quality Assurance ◽

Near Field ◽

Visual Image ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Beam Profile ◽

Lateral Resolution ◽

Horizontal Distance ◽

Depth Of Penetration ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Background Recommended phantom-based quality assurance measurements in B-mode ultrasound (US) may be tedious. For the purpose of cost-effective US quality assurance it is important to evaluate measurements that effectively reflect the quality of US scanner. Purpose To find out which recommended phantom-based quality assurance measurements are effective in detecting dead or weak transducer elements or channels in US scanners when visual image analysis and manual measurements are used. Material and Methods Altogether 66 transducers from 33 US scanners were measured using a general purpose phantom and a transducer tester. The measurements were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of phantom-based uniformity measurement, imaging the air with a clean transducer (air image) and measuring the transducer with the transducer tester, and group II of phantom-based measurements of depth of penetration, beam profile, near field, axial and lateral resolution, and vertical and horizontal distance accuracy. The group II measurements were compared to group I measurements. Results With group I measurements, the results with 20% of the transducers were found defective. With 35% of the transducers the results were considered defective in group II measurements. Concurrent flaws in both groups were found with 11% of the transducers. Conclusion Phantom-based measurements of depth of penetration, beam profile, near field, axial and lateral resolution, and vertical and horizontal distance accuracy did not consistently detect dead or weak transducer elements or channels in US scanners.

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APPENDICULAR MASS

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2010.17.02.2216 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (02) ◽

pp. 180-184

Author(s):

SARDAR ALI ◽

HAFIZ MUHAMMED RAFIQUE

Keyword(s):

Conservative Treatment ◽

Acute Appendicitis ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Chi Square ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Surgical Exploration ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Adhesive Intestinal Obstruction ◽

Appendicular Mass

Introduction: Appendicular mass is a common complication of acute appendicitis. The traditional treatment of this is conservative followed by delayed appendectomy. But now with advancement in all the fields of medicine early surgical exploration of the appendicular mass can be done with satisfactory results. Aims and objectives: A comparison of conservative treatment versus early surgical exploration of appendicular mass. Study Design: Experimental study. Material and Method: Two years study from December 2003 toNovember 2005 at district headquarters hospital Khanewal. Total 60 patients, both males and females between 12 to 65 years of age with symptoms and signs consistent with appendicular mass were included. They were randomly divided into group I (Early exploration) and group II (Conservative treatment) each containing 30 patients. A comparison of outcome between two groups was done statistically by applying student Chi-square test. Results: There was a peak incidence of acute appendicitis in Second and third decades of life. Male to female ratio was 2:1. More than 90% of patients had history of shifting of abdominal pain. 100% of the patients had inflamed appendix to variable extent on exploration. The complications in the form of adhesive intestinal obstruction; failure of treatment; lost follow up; misdiagnosis and re admissionwere less in group I. There was a significant less duration of hospital stay in group I as compared to Group II. The observations and outcome in this study are almost comparable and correspond with other studies done in this regard. Conclusion: Early surgical exploration of appendicular mass is safe and cost effective.

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ELECTIVE CAESAREAN SECTION

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2010.17.02.2436 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (02) ◽

pp. 304-307

Author(s):

ROBINA KAUSAR ◽

LUBNA YASMEEN

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽

Elective Caesarean Section ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Discharge Data ◽

Infectious Morbidity ◽

Group I ◽

Antibiotic Regime ◽

Group Ii

Objective: To compare short antibiotic prophylaxis versus prolonged antibiotic regime in terms of morbidity control of infection in patients undergoing elective caesarean section. Study Design and Settings: It was a experimental study done in Gynae/Obs unit I Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi over a period of one year. Patients and Methods: Total of 200 patients selected randomly were admitted in antenatal ward for elective caesarean section. All these booked patients with age less then 40 years, gestational age of > 38 weeks, Hb >10g/dl, with no signs of genitourinary or respiratory tract infection were included in the study. These patients were divided in two groups with 100 patients in each group. In group I, short antibiotic prophylaxis in form of three doses of injectable antibiotic was given. In group II prolonged antibiotic regime wasgiven as 5 days course. Augmentin was chosen as it has proven efficacy and good coverage for microorganisms of urogential tract and skin. Injection Augmentin was given in dose of 1.2g (1g Amoxycillin + 200mg clavulanic acid) I/V x BD. All operation were performed by transverse lower segment caesarean section by registrars and consultants. Anaesthesia used was mostly spinal and more than 80% of the patients were having body mass index of <30. These patients were followed in postnatal ward for post operative infectious morbidity till discharge. Data collected through proformas was entered in computer and analyzed using SPSS. Result: Over all post operative infectious morbidity in group I was 29% and in group II 30% (p = 0.877). Post operative fever in group I was 09% and group II 08% (p = 0.800), while frequency of endometritiswas found to be same in both groups which was 03%. No case of chest infection was recorded in both groups. Only 5% patients in group I and 4% patients in group II were reported to have urinary tract infection (p = 0.733). The most common complication found during study was wound infection, the rate being 12% in group I and 15% in group II (p = 0.535). So the overall results showed no statistically significant differencebetween two groups. Conclusion: Short antibiotic prophylaxis is as effective as prolonged antibiotic regimen. As it is cost effective and most of our patients come from low socio economic class, so this short antibiotic prophylaxis should be recommended routinely for all elective caesarean sections.

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Are We Economically Efficient Enough to Increase the Potential of in Vitro Proliferation of Osteoblasts by Means of Pharmacochemical Agents?

The Open Orthopaedics Journal ◽

10.2174/1874325001610010420 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 420-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mehmet Isyar ◽

Seyit Ali Gumustas ◽

Ibrahim Yilmaz ◽

Duygu Yasar Sirin ◽

Hacı Bayram Tosun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Surface Morphology ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

The European Union ◽

In Vitro Proliferation ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Osteogenic Effect ◽

Trisodium Salt ◽

Group Ii

Background: The aim of this study was to test the necessity of using expensive and unaccesible pharmacological-chemical agents in the proliferation of bone tissue cultures and in the induction of mineralized matrix formation to increase the osteogenic effect. Methods: For this purpose, human primary cell cultures were prepared and then divided into two groups. Whereas the cells in group I were fed with an osteoblast stimulator medium containing Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and β-glycerophosphate, the cells in group II were fed with DMEM containing dexamethasone and 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt. Both groups were evaluated in terms of viability, toxicity, and proliferation and then compared in terms of cell surface morphology through inverted light and environmental scanning electron microscopy. In addition to immunoflow cytometric analyses, the effects of alkaline phosphatase activities were evaluated using the spectrophotometric method to examine the osteoblastic activities. Costs were calculated in the currency of the European Union (Euros). The Tukey Honestly Significant Difference test was used to reach the statistical evaluation of the data after the analysis of variance. Results: It was reported that the level of the alkaline phosphates was higher in group I compared to group II. It was observed that the surface morphology quality, the number of living cells, and proliferation were higher in group II and that the results were deemed statistically significant. Conclusion: It was found that the 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt and dexamethasone mixture was as effective as the expensive commercial kits on the osteogenic effect on human primary bone tissue.

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Ep.Th.654Home Based Pre-Rehabilitation in Hepatic & Pancreatic Oncological Surgery- A Way Forward for Improved Patient Outcome

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab309.070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽

Author(s):

Nauman Ahmed ◽

Rami Obeidallah ◽

Daren Subar

Keyword(s):

Hospital Stay ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Cost Effective ◽

P Value ◽

Oncological Surgery ◽

Operative Outcomes ◽

Home Based ◽

Group I ◽

Operative Complications ◽

Group Ii

Abstract Aims To ascertain the impact of ‘’Cost effective home-based pre-rehabilitation’’ on post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing major hepatic and pancreatic oncological surgery. Methods In this non-randomized comparative study (2019-2021), we included 36 patients having pancreatic or hepatic malignancy. In group I, patients were signed up for home-based pre-rehabilitation program and dietary modification. Group II; included patients who did not have rehabilitation. The two groups were compared for post-operative outcomes (post-operative complications, length of ITU and hospital stay) Results Mean age was 69.05±9.68 years in group I and 67.50±8.75 years in group II (p-value 0.61). Open approach was used in 02 (11.0%) patients in group I and in 09 (50%) patients in group II (p-value 0.01). More patients in group II needed admission in intensive care unit (ICU); 18 (100%) versus 11 (61.1%) in group II (p-value 0.0003). The group I had shorter length of hospital stay as compared to Group II (p-value 0.0001). There was no significant difference in post-operative complications between the groups. Conclusion Home based pre-rehabilitation, has shown beneficial outcomes in terms of less requirement for ITU admission post operatively, shorter length of hospital stay and cost effective method of pre rehabilitation.

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Comparative Study to Evaluate Efficacy & Cost Effectiveness of Olmesartanversus Telmisartan, In Patients of Stage I Hypertension

Asian Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.47009/ajmr.2020.9.1.pc1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. PC01-PC06

Author(s):

Pankaj Kumar Singh ◽

Sameer Kumar

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Stage I ◽

Group I ◽

Parallel Group ◽

Group Ii ◽

Peripheral Arterial ◽

Effective Analysis

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in the world. It is an important and independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, heart failure, renal disease, and peripheral arterial disease. It is directly responsible for 57% of all stroke deaths and 42% of coronary heart disease deaths in India. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate and compare efficacy and cost effectiveness in hypertensive patients receiving Olmesartan and Telmisartan in Stage I hypertensionSubjects and Methods:The present study was an open, prospective, randomized, parallel group comparative study conducted in 60 patients of stage I hypertension over a period of 16 weeks. Patients were randomly allocated to two, age and sex, matched groups of 30 patients each. Group I patients were started on Olmesartan at a dose of 20 mg & Group II patients were put on Telmisartan at a dose of 40 mg. The BP lowering efficacy and cost effective analysis of Olmesartan versus Telmisartan was calculated & compared. The data was entered in Microsoft excel and compiled. Statistical analysis was done using various tests.Results:Maximum patients in both the groups were in age group of 51-60 years. In group I there were 13 males and 17 females. In group II there were 14 males and 16 females. Both Olmesartan and Telmisartan are effective in lowering systolic & diastolic BP in supine & sitting positions & mean BP is also lowerer, more in Olmesartan group. By cost effective analysis Telmisartan was found more cost effective. Incremental cost effective ratio was found to be 218.35.Conclusion: Both Olmesartan and Telmisartan belong to the same antihypertensive drug class, effectively reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure at various visits. Taking into account Total cost Telmisartan was more cost effective than Olmesartan. ICER was found to be 218.35.

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