Influence of axial limb rotation on radiographic lower limb alignment: a systematic review

Abstract Introduction The influence of limb malrotation on long-leg radiographs (LLR) is frequently discussed in literature. This systematic review aimed to describe the influence of limb rotation on alignment measurements alone and in combination with knee flexion, and determine its clinical impact. Materials and methods A literature search was conducted in June 2021 using the databases MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), and Embase. The search term ((radiograph OR X-ray) AND (position OR rotation) AND limb alignment) was used. Database query, record screening, and study inclusion and exclusion were performed by two reviewers independently. Experimental studies (using either specimens or synthetic bones) or clinical studies (prospective or retrospective using radiographs of patients) analyzing the influence of limb rotation on anatomic and mechanical limb alignment measurements were included. Characteristics and results of the included studies were summarized, simplified, and grouped for comparison to answer the research question. Studies were compared descriptively, and no meta-analysis was performed. Results A total of 22 studies were included showing large heterogeneity, comprising studies with cadavers, patients, and synthetic bones. Most studies (7 out of 8) reported that external rotation (ER) causes less apparent valgus and leads to more varus and internal rotation (IR) causes more valgus and leads to less varus. However, there is no consensus on the extent of rotation influencing alignment measures. Studies reported about an average change of > 2° (n = 4) and < 2° (n = 4) hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) between 15°IR and 15°ER. There is a consensus that the impact of rotation on mechanical alignment is higher if additional sagittal knee angulation, such as knee flexion, is present. All five studies analyzing the influence of rotation combined with knee flexion (5°–15°) showed an HKA change of > 2° between 15°IR and 15°ER. Conclusion Malrotation is frequently present on LLR, possibly influencing the measured alignment especially in knees with extension deficit. Surgeons must consider this when measuring and treating deformities (high tibial osteotomy or total knee arthroplasties), and analyzing surgical outcomes. Especially in patients with osteoarthritis with knee extension deficits or postoperative swelling, the effect of malrotation is significantly greater.

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Between Level Up and Game Over: A Systematic Literature Review of Gamification in Education

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13042247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2247 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Manzano-León ◽

Pablo Camacho-Lazarraga ◽

Miguel A. Guerrero ◽

Laura Guerrero-Puerta ◽

José M. Aguilar-Parra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Academic Performance ◽

Game Design ◽

Learning Strategy ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Current Lines ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Game Elements ◽

The Impact

Educational gamification consists of the use of game elements and game design techniques in the educational context. The objective of this study is to examine the existing evidence on the impact of educational gamification on student motivation and academic performance in the last five years in order to analyze its distribution over time, educational level, variables, and most used game elements, and know the advantages of its implementation in the classroom. For this, a systematic review is proposed through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology in three multidisciplinary databases, through an exhaustive search with inclusion and exclusion criteria on quantitative experimental studies that explore gamification in educational centers, which provide information about the most current lines of research. Fourteen studies were included in this review. These used experimental or quasi-experimental designs. Most of them report gamification as a valid learning strategy. The results support the conclusion that educational gamification has a potential impact on the academic performance, commitment, and motivation of students. Therefore, this study implies the need to expand research on the needs and challenges of students when learning with gamified techniques.

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The Impact of Classroom Chatter Noise on Comprehension: A Systematic Review

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/00315125211005935 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003151252110059

Author(s):

Anne-Sophie Lamotte ◽

Aziz Essadek ◽

Gérard Shadili ◽

Jean-Michel Perez ◽

Julien Raft

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Literature Review ◽

Teaching Methods ◽

Classroom Environment ◽

Field Survey ◽

Human Life ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Noisy Environment ◽

Student Comprehension ◽

The Impact

Communication through discussion and conversations is fundamental to human life; but when such discourse escapes the control of a teacher in the classroom, it becomes little more than chatter. This noise challenges teaching methods and the teaching stance with students. Yet, its impact on comprehension has rarely been studied. The aim of this literature review was to examine the research on the impact of classroom noise generated by chatter on students’ comprehension performance. We adopted the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metanalysis) guidelines to examine this literature. This review covered a 10-year period (papers written between 2009 and 2019), with nine experimental studies selected from the 2,954 papers screened. In 89% of these nine studies, there were significant comprehension differences on all tests, revealed when comprehension took place in a noisy environment due to chatter. This review indicated an essential need for a field survey to better understand the impact of chatter on comprehension. Other studies are recommended to highlight any correlation between measured chatter and student comprehension in a real classroom environment.

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Impact of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use: an updated systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031598 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e031598 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Clare Meernik ◽

Hannah M Baker ◽

Sarah D Kowitt ◽

Leah M Ranney ◽

Adam O Goldstein

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

Longitudinal Research ◽

Age Groups ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Product Appeal ◽

The Impact

ObjectivesGiven the exponential increase in the use of e-cigarettes among younger age groups and in the growth in research on e-cigarette flavours, we conducted a systematic review examining the impact of non-menthol flavoured e-cigarettes on e-cigarette perceptions and use among youth and adults.DesignPubMed, Embase, PyscINFO and CINAHL were systematically searched for studies published and indexed through March 2018.Eligibility criteriaQuantitative observational and experimental studies that assessed the effect of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use behaviours were included. Specific outcome measures assessed are appeal, reasons for use, risk perceptions, susceptibility, intention to try, initiation, preference, current use, quit intentions and cessation.Data extraction and synthesisThree authors independently extracted data related to the impact of flavours in tobacco products. Data from a previous review were then combined with those from the updated review for final analysis. Results were then grouped and analysed by outcome measure.ResultsThe review included 51 articles for synthesis, including 17 published up to 2016 and an additional 34 published between 2016 and 2018. Results indicate that non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes decrease harm perceptions (five studies) and increase willingness to try and initiation of e-cigarettes (six studies). Among adults, e-cigarette flavours increase product appeal (seven studies) and are a primary reason many adults use the product (five studies). The role of flavoured e-cigarettes on smoking cessation remains unclear (six studies).ConclusionThis review provides summary data on the role of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarette perceptions and use. Consistent evidence shows that flavours attract both youth and adults to use e-cigarettes. Given the clear findings that such flavours increase product appeal, willingness to try and initiation among youth, banning non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes may reduce youth e-cigarette use. Longitudinal research is needed to examine any role flavours may play in quit behaviours among adults.

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Impact of eating disorders on paid or unpaid work participation and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Journal of Eating Disorders ◽

10.1186/s40337-021-00525-2 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fatima Safi ◽

Anna M. Aniserowicz ◽

Heather Colquhoun ◽

Jill Stier ◽

Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Work Participation ◽

Unpaid Work ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Eating disorders (ED) can reduce quality of life by limiting participation and performance in social and occupational roles, including paid or unpaid work. The association between ED pathologies and work participation and performance must be well understood to strengthen vocational rehabilitation programmes and prevent occupational disruptions in the ED population. The aims of this study are: (1) to examine the degree of association between ED pathologies and work participation and performance in 15-year-olds and older; (2) to highlight the specific ED symptoms that are most correlated with changes in work performance and participation; (3) to compile the most common metrics and assessments used to measure work participation and performance with ED. Methods Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library will be searched for observational and experimental studies that meet the following criteria: (1) a clinical sample of typical or atypical ED; (2) paid or unpaid employment or training; (3) an association between ED pathologies and work participation or performance. Unpublished data will also be examined. Title and abstract, and full-text screening will be conducted in duplicate. Risk of bias and quality of evidence assessments will be completed. A random-effect meta-analysis will be performed. Discussion This synthesis can clarify knowledge and gaps around the impact of ED on work functioning, thereby allowing better evaluation, improvements and development of current workplace assessments, interventions, and policies. Trial registration The registration number for this systematic review on PROSPERO is CRD42021255055.

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The Impact of Gamified Instruction on Students’ Learning Outcomes: Systematic Review of Experimental Studies

International Journal of Education ◽

10.5296/ije.v13i4.19193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Nevena Jaftha ◽

Marouska Zahra-Micallef ◽

Tatjana Chircop

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Digital Libraries ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Intervention Design ◽

Assessment Instruments ◽

Learning Technology ◽

Content Type ◽

Replication Studies ◽

The Impact

This systematic review critically explores the intervention design and findings of the experimental studies that were published between January 2012-December 2020 in a number of digital libraries and databases and had the effect of a gamified instruction on students’ learning outcomes in their focus, with the aim of identifying what constitutes success or the lack thereof in the given context. The found effect(s) of gamified instruction on students’ learning engagement and achievement are discussed in relation to the a) intervention design, its flaws and their potential impact on reported outcomes and b) prevalent practice in gamification research. The discussion is structured around data collection sources, sample size, and intervention duration, but also the characteristics of learning technology, learning approach, course content, type of games and game elements. This study proposes a list of categories to be included in the description of a study context so that it is possible to a) systematically organise research findings, b) filter the variety of findings via means of replication studies. c) recognise the variant effect on different sub-populations, and d) suggest the way forward when designing and implementing gamified instruction within specific conditions. Furthermore, the study highlights the necessity of approaching the topic through a mixed-method approach involving a more intensive tracking schedule with new assessment instruments and a larger number of participants that are longitudinal or at least of a longer duration in order to obtain more comprehensive findings.

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A Systematic Review of Research Investigating the Combined Ecological Impact of Anthropogenic Noise and Artificial Light at Night

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2021.765950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Wouter Halfwerk ◽

Paul Jerem

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Ecological Impact ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Ecological Impacts ◽

Anthropogenic Noise ◽

Light Pollution ◽

Artificial Light ◽

Light At Night ◽

The Impact

Levels of anthropogenic noise and artificial light at night (ALAN) are rapidly rising on a global scale. Both sensory pollutants are well known to affect animal behavior and physiology, which can lead to substantial ecological impacts. Most studies on noise or light pollution to date have focused on single stressor impacts, studying both pollutants in isolation despite their high spatial and temporal co-occurrence. However, few studies have addressed their combined impact, known as multisensory pollution, with the specific aim to assess whether the interaction between noise and light pollution leads to predictable, additive effects, or less predictable, synergistic or antagonistic effects. We carried out a systematic review of research investigating multisensory pollution and found 28 studies that simultaneously assessed the impact of anthropogenic noise and ALAN on animal function (e.g., behavior, morphology or life-history), physiology (e.g., stress, oxidative, or immune status), or population demography (e.g., abundance or species richness). Only fifteen of these studies specifically tested for possible interactive effects when both sensory pollutants were combined. Four out of eight experimental studies revealed a significant interaction effect, in contrast to only three out seven observational studies. We discuss the benefits and limitations of experimental vs. observational studies addressing multisensory pollution and call for more specific testing of the diverse ways in which noise and light pollution can interact to affect wildlife.

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The Ipsilesional Upper Limb Can Be Affected following Stroke

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/684860 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Gemma H. Kitsos ◽

Isobel J. Hubbard ◽

Alex R. Kitsos ◽

Mark W. Parsons

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Functional Capacity ◽

Control Measure ◽

Research Question ◽

Neurological Dysfunction ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Data Source ◽

The Impact ◽

The Brain

Objective. Neurological dysfunction commonly occurs in the upper limb contralateral to the hemisphere of the brain in which stroke occurs; however, the impact of stroke on function of the ipsilesional upper limb is not well understood. This study aims to systematically review the literature relating to the function of the ipsilesional upper limb following stroke and answer the following research question: Is the ipsilesional upper limb affected by stroke?Data Source. A systematic review was carried out in Medline, Embase, and PubMed.Review Methods. All studies investigating the ipsilesional upper limb following stroke were included and analysed for important characteristics. Outcomes were extracted and summarised.Results. This review captured 27 articles that met the inclusion criteria. All studies provided evidence that the ipsilesional upper limb can be affected following stroke.Conclusion. These findings demonstrate that clinicians should consider ipsilesional upper limb deficits in rehabilitation and address this reduced functional capacity. Furthermore, the ipsilesional upper limb should not be used as a “control” measure of recovery for the contralateral upper limb.

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Facebook and Subjective Well-Being Among College Students: A Systematic Review

American Journal of Health Studies ◽

10.47779/ajhs.2018.51 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Paul D. Loprinzi ◽

Emily Frith

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Well Being ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Innovative Strategies ◽

Facebook Use ◽

Pubmed Search ◽

The Impact

This systematic review evaluates various theoretical underpinnings, which may contribute to abetter understanding of the effects of Facebook use on subjective well-being among college students. Theauthor conducted a PubMed search of experimental studies conducted within a young adult population.Eligible participant data was delimited to undergraduate or graduate students, who were required to becurrent Facebook users. Six studies were chosen for the review. The findings suggest that Facebook usagemay be positively associated with subjective well-being via several theoretical mechanisms founded in socialpsychology. These findings provide preliminary evidence that Facebook may offer its users unique opportu-nities to tailor their online self-presentation to assuage the impact of negative psychosocial stimuli presentedin real-world environments. Innovative strategies should be conceived to assess the possible relationshipbetween Facebook use and enhanced subjective well-being.

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Association of TB treatment with pregnancy complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol

10.21203/rs.3.rs-274069/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stefanie Johanna Maria Kruger ◽

WENDY PHOSWA

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Complications ◽

Drug Exposure ◽

Research Question ◽

Flow Diagram ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Free Text ◽

Tb Treatment ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction: Tuberculosis is a worldwide health risk factor, especially among immunocompromised groups such as in pregnant women. Diagnosis for TB is complex and appropriate initiation of treatment must be timely and cannot be postponed. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of TB drug exposure linked with pregnancy complications.Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier and the Cochrane Library) will be screened that covers original articles published from 2010 to 2020, using medical subject headings (MeSH) and free text searches. Population study of TB-infected pregnant women with control being non-infected pregnant women, defined by maternal age between 15 ≤ 44 years, which reported pregnancy outcomes after exposure to TB treatment during pregnancy will be included. PICOS for research question eligibility, PRISMA-P guidelines and flow diagram will be adhered to and assessed by two independent reviewers. Software manager Zotero v5.0.81 will be used to eliminate duplicates and assess eligibility criteria.Ethics and dissemination: We anticipate finding a large number of studies reporting on the impact of TB drugs on the incidence of pregnancy complications which, once summarised, will be useful to establishing the link between TB drugs and pregnancy complications induced by these drugs. The protocol for the systematic review will be registered in PROSPERO. The study will be disseminated electronically and in print. It will also be presented to conferences related to TB and pregnancy.Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42021226233; Registered on 14 January 2021

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Improving Cardiovascular Health through Nudging Healthier Food Choices: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11102520 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2520 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christine Tørris ◽

Hilde Mobekk

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Food Choices ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

The Impact

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are considered major public health problems, and their negative impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is profound. Targeting modifiable risk factors such as dietary habits is therefore of great importance. Many of today’s health challenges with overweight and obesity may have behavioral roots, and traditional methods such as regulations and campaigns are often insufficient to improve dietary choices. Nudging or choice architecture might be a viable tool to influence people’s everyday choices and behaviors to better outcomes. This paper reviews the current state of the rapidly expanding number of experimental field studies that investigate the effects/associations of nudging on healthy food choices. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, where 142 citations were identified. Based on selection criteria, six randomized controlled trials and 15 non-randomized controlled trials were ultimately included. The results of this systematic review show that many of the studies included traffic-light labeling, which may be a promising strategy. The reviewed findings, however, also highlight the challenges that confront experimental studies examining the impact of nudging on diet.

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