scholarly journals Effect of scaling on the invasion of oral microorganisms into dentinal tubules including the response of pulpal cells—an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Stähli ◽  
Alex S. J. Schatt ◽  
Miro Stoffel ◽  
Sandor Nietzsche ◽  
Anton Sculean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 ◽  
Root Canals

Abstract Objectives To investigate how scaling affects the penetration of microorganisms into dentinal tubules, how pulpal cells seeded into the pulp cavity respond to bacterial challenge, and how penetration and inflammatory response may depend on the bacterial composition. Materials and methods Root canals of 102 extracted human teeth underwent shaping and cleaning. Half of the teeth were subjected to scaling and root planing, the other half remained untreated. Teeth were exposed to either Streptococcus gordonii and Actinomyces oris or S. gordonii and Porphyromonas gingivalis for 10 weeks. Bacterial invasion was assessed in a depth of 1 mm to the root surface. Human pulpal cells were seeded into the cavities to assess the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoassay. Results The percentage of teeth with bacteria detected in dentine was higher when teeth received scaling than when they were untreated: 66.6% versus 44.4% when exposed to A. oris/S. gordonii, and 50% versus 25% when exposed to P. gingivalis/S. gordonii (p = 0.043). Scaling had no impact on IL-8 and MMP-3 expression in pulpal cells. P. gingivalis/S. gordonii caused higher levels of IL-8, MCP-1, and MMP-3 than A. oris/S. gordonii (p = 0.003, p = 0.011, p = 0.037). Conclusion Scaling supports the penetration of bacteria into the dentine of extracted human teeth. P. gingivalis may affect the immune response in pulpal cells. Clinical relevance Root surface debridement with hand instruments may facilitate bacterial penetration. Other kinds of mechanical instrumentation in this experimental setting should be investigated.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Efficacy of Biopure MTAD in Root Canal Contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blerim Kamberi ◽  
Donika Bajrami ◽  
Miranda Stavileci ◽  
Shuhreta Omeragiq ◽  
Fatmir Dragidella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance

Aim. The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of Biopure MTAD against E. faecalis in contaminated root canals. Materials and Methods. Forty-two single rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with E. faecalis and incubated for four weeks. The samples were divided in two control and five experimental groups irrigated with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl); 3% NaOCl; BioPure MTAD; 1.5% NaOCl/17% EDTA; or 3% NaOCl/17% EDTA. After a one-week incubation, complete disinfection was confirmed by the absence of turbidity in the incubation media. Dentin shavings were taken from samples with no turbidity to verify whether E. faecalis was present in dentin tubules. Results were analyzed statistically using Fisher's exact test, with the level of significance set at . Results. Statistical analysis of the data obtained at Day 7 and after dentin shaving analysis showed that BioPure MTAD had significantly greater antibacterial activity than 1.5% NaOCl, 1.5% NaOCl/17% EDTA and 3% NaOCl/17% EDTA. No significant difference was detected between MTAD and 3% NaOCl. Conclusions. These findings suggest that BioPure MTAD possesses superior bactericidal activity compared with NaOCl and EDTA against E. faecalis.

scholarly journals Safety Irradiation Parameters of Nd:YAP Laser Beam for Endodontic Treatments: An In Vitro Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Namour ◽  
S. Geerts ◽  
T. Zeinoun ◽  
R. De Moor ◽  
S. Nammour
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Root Surfaces ◽  
Safety Range

Objective. Nd:YAP laser has several potentialities of clinical applications in endodontics. The aim of our study is to determine the safety range of irradiation parameters during endodontic application of Nd:YAP laser that can be used without damaging and overheating the periodontal tissue.Material and Methods. Twenty-seven caries-free single-rooted extracted human teeth were used. Crowns were sectioned to obtain 11 mm root canal length. Temperature increases at root surfaces were measured by a thermocouple during Nd:YAP laser irradiation of root canals at different energy densities. Canal irradiation was accomplished with a circular and retrograde movement from the apex until the cervical part of the canal during 10 seconds with an axial speed of 1 mm/s. Each irradiation was done in a canal irrigated continuously with 2.25% NaOCl solution.Results. Periodontal temperature increase depends on the value of energy density. Means and standard deviations of temperature increases at root surfaces were below 10°C (safe threshold level) when the average energy densities delivered per second were equal to or below 4981 J/cm2and 9554 J/cm2, respectively, for irradiations using a fiber diameter of 320 μm and 200 μm.Conclusions. Within the limitations of this study and under specific irradiation conditions, Nd:YAP laser beam may be considered harmless for periodontal tissues during endodontic applications.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE THERMAL EFFECT OF TWO KINDS OF OPTIC FIBRES OF HIGH INTENSIVE 810 NM DIODE LASER (IN VITRO STUDY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3523-3528
Author(s):  
Raya Grozdanova-Uzunova ◽  
◽  
Elka Radeva ◽  
Dimitar Kosturkov ◽  
Evgeniya Popova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Light Guide ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Quartz Fiber ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Organically Modified

Purpose: The aim of our in vitro study is to investigate the thermal changes on the outer root surface that occur after irradiation with a high intensive diode laser with two types of optical fibers. Material and Methods: The root canals of 24 extracted single-rooted and multi-rooted teeth (59 root canals) were prepared with Pro Taper Gold to F3 and treated with 810 nm diode laser for 8 s with circular movements from apex to orifices. Teeth are divided into two groups. A quartz light guide is used in the first group, and in the second group, the root canals are treated with an organically modified quartz light guide. The temperature changes were detected with FLIR - Т 330 Infrared Thermal Camera and the data was processed with FLIR Reporter 9 Professional software. Results: In 90% of cases, the temperature rise on the outer root surface is up to 8°C. In the first group with quartz fiber, the minimum increase in temperature is 2°C, the maximum is 11°C (in the cases with four root canals). When using the organically modified quartz fiber, the registered minimum increase in temperature is 1.2°C and maximum increase of 9.2°C (in cases with curved canals). Conclusion: Temperature changes on the outer root surface using an 810 nm diode laser are biocompatible. There is no statistically significant difference between the temperatures measured in the two types of optical fibers used - quartz and organically modified quartz light.

scholarly journals Effect of diode laser irradiation on the apical sealing of MTA retrofillings

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Barbosa de Souza ◽  
Crystiane Venditti Gomes de Amorim ◽  
José Luiz Lage Marques
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Student’S T

Apical sealing is essential for the success of paraendodontic surgery, so any procedure that may favor an adequate sealing of the apical remainder should be performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of diode laser irradiation on the apical sealing of root-end cavities with MTA retrofillings. Root canals in twenty extracted human teeth were shaped with K-files and filled with gutta-percha. The apexes were cut off and root-end preparations were performed. The roots were divided randomly in 2 groups. Group 1 (ten specimens) was retrofilled with MTA. Group 2 was irradiated with diode laser, with 1 W for 20 seconds, on the apical surface and root end cavity before retrofilling with MTA. The specimens had their external surfaces impermeabilized with cyanoacrylate, except for the apical surface, and were then immersed in 1% rhodamine B dye for 72 h and placed in plaster stone. After that, the specimens were submitted to longitudinal abrasion until half of the root remained. The linear dye leakage was observed in these mid-roots between the root canal wall and retrofilling. The linear dye leakage was measured with Image Lab software, and the results were statistically analyzed with Student's t test. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). The diode laser irradiation did not improve the apical sealing of MTA retrofillings under the conditions of this in vitro study.

scholarly journals Comparative in vitro study of root roughness after instrumentation with ultrasonic and diamond tip sonic scaler

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Vieira Ribeiro ◽  
Renato Correa Viana Casarin ◽  
Francisco Humberto Nociti Júnior ◽  
Enilson Antônio Sallum ◽  
Antonio Wilson Sallum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Root Surfaces ◽  
Scanning Electron

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the root surface roughness after instrumentation with hand curette and diamond-coated sonic and universal ultrasonic tips. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty root surfaces of human teeth were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: control group (without instrumentation), curette instrumentation, ultrasonic instrumentation with universal tip and sonic instrumentation with diamond-coated tip. Each sample was instrumented with fifteen strokes. Before and after instrumentation, surface roughness was measured. In addition, the root surface topography was examined after treatment under the scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: Significant statistical differences (p <0.05) were observed when comparing the control group (0.48±0.07mm) to the treated groups (hand - 1.246±0.279mm, ultrasonic - 1.468±0.177mm and sonic instrumentation - 1.576±0.20mm). The highest roughness was produced by diamond-coated sonic tip and by ultrasonic universal tip (p >0.05). CONCLUSION: The diamond-coated tip with sonic scaler instrumentation and ultrasonic instrumentation produce similar root surface roughness, higher than curette instrumentation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Root Surface Wear and Roughness Resulted from Different Ultrasonic Scalers and Polishing Devices Applied on Human Teeth: An In-Vitro Study

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Muhammed Bedir Mahiroglu ◽  
Erkut Kahramanoglu ◽  
Mustafa Ay ◽  
Leyla Kuru ◽  
Omer Birkan Agrali
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanner ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Surface Wear ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Full Power

The aim of the present study was to compare the root surface wear and roughness, resulted from the professional dental hygiene instruments, including ultrasonic dental scalers, rubber prophy cups, and nylon bristle brushes, on the extracted human mandibular incisor teeth. Teeth (n = 80) were randomly assigned into eight groups according to the applied scaler type (Ma = Magnetostrictive, Pi = Piezoelectric), degree of power (M = Medium, F = Full), and angulation (0° and 45°). In the second stage, the specimens (n = 40) were further divided into two groups according to the applied polishing device (nylon bristle brush or rubber prophy cup). Laser scanner and contact profilometer devices were used for the surface analysis. Both ultrasonic instruments tested in our study produced rougher surfaces when full power was used at a 0° angle (p < 0.01). The highest wear (0.82 ± 0.07 mm3) and roughness values (0.30 ± 0.01 µm) were detected in the PiF0 group. Polishing performed with a rubber prophy cup resulted in almost twice the wear as well as a smoother surface when compared to polishing performed with a nylon bristle brush (p < 0.001). Variations in the application parameters of ultrasonic scalers and the type of polishing instrument might lead to significantly different root-surface characteristics.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect of Endodontic Disinfections on Enterococcus Faecalis in Dental Root Canals—An In-Vitro Model Study

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2427
Author(s):  
Stefan Kranz ◽  
André Guellmar ◽  
Franziska Braeutigam ◽  
Silke Tonndorf-Martini ◽  
Markus Heyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Chloramine T

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is rather unsusceptible to many root canal disinfections which often cause a therapeutic problem. Therefore, the present in vitro study observed the efficiency of different endodontic antiseptics in their capability to suppress E. faecalis, especially inside dentinal tubules. Prior to any testing, root canals of extracted third human molars were inoculated with E. faecalis for 48 h. Antiseptic dressings with chloramine-T or calcium hydroxide (CaOH) for 24 h or irrigations with 1.3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were applied with n = 10 in each group. As control irrigation with normal saline was used. All treated canals were manually enlarged from size ISO 50 to 110 and the ablated dentin debris was subjected to microbial culture analysis. Bacterial colonization of the dentinal tubules up to 300 µm was verified by scanning electron microscopy and histological sample preparation. Application of crystalline chloramine-T caused total bacterial suppression inside the dentinal tubules. Dressings with CaOH showed only minor effects. Irrigation with NaOCl caused total eradication of bacteria adhering to the root canal walls, but also failed to completely suppress E. faecalis inside the dentinal tubules. The study showed that chloramine-T is of strong antiseptic activity and also efficient in suppressing E. faecalis inside dentinal tubules.

scholarly journals The influence of vinegars on exposure of dentinal tubules: a SEM evaluation

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Leal Zandim ◽  
Fernanda Oliveira Bello Corrêa ◽  
José Eduardo Cezar Sampaio ◽  
Carlos Rossa Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Painful Condition ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Significant Difference

Dentin hypersensitivity is a common painful condition observed in clinics. Dietary habits have been much associated with its development and persistence during and following periodontal treatment. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of vinegars on the removal of smear layer and exposure of dentinal tubules. Extracted human teeth were submitted to manual scaling with Gracey curettes in order to remove the cementum as well as to form a smear layer. Dentin samples with 3 mm² were obtained and distributed into six experimental groups: one control and five types of vinegars (alcohol, apple, rice, white wine and balsamic). Each group included two methods of vinegar application: topical and friction. After routine preparation for SEM analysis, photomicrographs were assessed by a calibrated and blind examiner using an appropriate index system. Kruskal-Wallis test indicated a significant influence of vinegars on smear layer removal. There was a statistically significant difference between groups treated with apple, white and rice vinegars and the control group (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, Mann-Whitney test indicated that removal of smear layer did not vary with the method of application (topical versus friction) for any of the tested substances. We can conclude that the contact of vinegar may remove smear layer and expose dentinal tubules, regardless of the type of application. However, balsamic vinegar was associated with less removal of smear layer after both methods of application.

scholarly journals Effect of calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing on the bond strength of a resin-based endodontic sealer

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Vicente Baroni Barbizam ◽  
Martin Trope ◽  
Érica C.N. Teixeira ◽  
Mário Tanomaru-Filho ◽  
Fabrício B. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canals

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bond strength of Epiphany™ resin-based sealer to dentin walls after placement of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] dressings. Fifteen extracted single-rooted human teeth were instrumented using 2.5% NaOCl + EDTA as irrigants. The teeth were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=5), according to the intracanal dressing: G1= Ca(OH)2 + saline; G2= Ca(OH)2 + 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) gel; and G3= saline (control). After 10 days of storage in 100% humidity at 37ºC, the dressings were removed and the root canals were filled with Epiphany™ sealer. After additional 48 h of storage, the specimens were sectioned transversally into 2-mm-thick discs. Push-out tests were performed (1 mm/min, Instron 4411) and the maximum loads at failure were recorded in MPa. One-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls tests showed a statistically significant decrease in bond strength when a Ca(OH)2 dressing was used before root canal filling with Epiphany™ (G1= 10.18 ± 1.99 and G2= 9.98 ± 2.97) compared to the control group (13.82 ± 3.9) (p< 0.05). It may be concluded that the use of Ca(OH)2 as an intracanal dressing material affected the adhesion of Epiphany™ to the root canal walls, but even though the values were within the acceptable range found in the literature.

scholarly journals Diffusion ability of endotoxin through dentinal tubules

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Dias de Oliveira ◽  
Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho ◽  
Marcia Carneiro Valera ◽  
Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito ◽  
Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
Keyword(s):  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Epoxy Adhesive ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Polyclonal Activator

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of endotoxin to diffuse through dentinal tubules towards the cement and to observe the period of time needed for it to reach the external root surface. Thirty single-rooted human teeth had their crowns and apices removed in order to standardize the root length to 15 mm. Teeth were instrumented until #30 K-file and made externally impermeable with epoxy adhesive, leaving 10 mm of the exposed root (middle third). The specimens were placed in plastic vials and irradiated (60Co gamma-rays). Then, they were divided into 2 groups (n = 15): G1) Escherichia coli endotoxin was inoculated into the root canal of the specimens and 1 ml of pyrogen-free water was put in the tubes; G2) (control): pyrogen-free water was inoculated into the root canals and 1 ml of pyrogen-free water was put in each tube. After 30 min, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 days, the water of the tubes was removed and replaced. The removed aliquot was tested for the presence of endotoxin. Considering that the endotoxin is a B-lymphocyte polyclonal activator, at each experimental period, B-lymphocyte culture was stimulated with a sample of water removed from each tube and antibody (IgM) production was detected by ELISA technique. The results of IgM production were higher in groups of 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 days in relation to the other studied groups, with statistically significant differences (ANOVA and Tukey's test p < 0.05). Endotoxin was able to diffuse through the dentinal tubules towards the cement, reaching the external root surface after the period of 24 h.

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