scholarly journals Bacterial colonisation during regular daily use of a power-driven water flosser and risk for cross-contamination. Can it be prevented?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Bertl ◽  
Chiarra Geissberger ◽  
David Zinndorf ◽  
Pia Edlund Johansson ◽  
Hatem Al-Shammari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Colonisation ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Objective To assess whether bacterial colonisation in a power-driven water flosser can be prevented. Materials and methods Twenty-four patients undergoing supportive periodontal treatment used 2 power-driven water flossers [Sonicare AirFloss (SAF), AirFloss Ultra (SAFU)] for 12 weeks each as follows: (a) with bottled water (BW); (b) with BW and cleaning the device extra-orally twice per week with chlorhexidine gluconate or (c) essential-oil-based (EO) mouth-rinse; (d) with EO only. Water-jet samples were taken after 6 and 12 weeks with the used nozzle and after exchanging to a brand-new nozzle. After 12 weeks, all devices underwent an intensive cleaning procedure. Samples were analysed by PCR-based method for cariogenic and periodontal pathogens and culture for staphylococci, aerobe gram-negative bacteria, and Candida sp. Results Contamination of SAF/SAFU with Streptococcus mutans was found in > 95% of the samples; periodontal pathogens and aerobe gram-negative bacteria were detected in 19–56% of the samples, while Staphylococcus aureus and Candida sp. were identified only in few samples. Contamination rate was basically unaffected by time-point, device, or way of use. Further, exchanging the nozzle did not prevent transmission of a contaminated water-jet, but the intensive cleaning reduced most of the pathogens significantly, except of S. mutans. Conclusion Neither a specific way of use nor exchanging the nozzle prevented bacterial colonisation and transmission of biofilm components via the water-jet of SAF/SAFU. Clinical relevance Bacterial colonisation in a power-driven water flosser seems impossible to prevent; to restrict the risk of cross-contamination within a household, one device per person should be recommended.

Clinical effectiveness of the composition of muramylpeptides from gram-negative bacteria in the treatment of severe chronic generalized periodontitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
A.I. Grudyanov ◽  
E.V. Fomenko ◽  
O.V. Kalyuzhin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Indices ◽  
Periodontal Indices

The effectiveness of the immunomodulator Polymuramil (PM) was determined in the treatment of 40 patients with severe chronic generalized periodontitis based on the dynamics of the values of periodontal indices and the content of periodontal pathogens in the periodontal pockets. Patients of the main group (20 people) were treated with professional hygiene (PGO) in combination with daily intramuscular PM for 5 days at a dose of 200 mcg. Patients of the control group (20 people) were performed only PGO. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated based on the dynamics of the clinical indices of Muehlemann and PMA and the presence or absence of major periodontal pathogens in the periodontal pockets. Results: in patients of the main group, the phenomena of periodontal inflammation and the main periodontal pathogens were eliminated in a shorter time and to a greater extent in comparison with patients of the control group

scholarly journals Alien vs. predator: bacterial challenge alters coral microbiomes unless controlled byHalobacteriovoraxpredators

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory M. Welsh ◽  
Stephanie M. Rosales ◽  
Jesse R. Zaneveld ◽  
Jérôme P. Payet ◽  
Ryan McMinds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Coral Microbiome ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Vibrio Coralliilyticus ◽  
Time Point

Coral microbiomes are known to play important roles in organismal health, response to environmental stress, and resistance to disease. The coral microbiome contains diverse assemblages of resident bacteria, ranging from defensive and metabolic symbionts to opportunistic bacteria that may turn harmful in compromised hosts. However, little is known about how these bacterial interactions influence the mechanism and controls of overall structure, stability, and function of the microbiome. We sought to test how coral microbiome dynamics were affected by interactions between two bacteria:Vibrio coralliilyticus, a known temperature-dependent pathogen of some corals, andHalobacteriovorax, a unique bacterial predator ofVibrioand other gram-negative bacteria. We challenged reef-building coral withV. coralliilyticusin the presence or absence ofHalobacteriovoraxpredators, and monitored microbial community dynamics with 16S rRNA gene profiling time-series.Vibrio coralliilyticusinoculation increased the mean relative abundance ofVibriosby greater than 35% from the 4 to 8 hour time point, but not in the 24 & 32 hour time points. However, strong secondary effects of theVibriochallenge were also observed for the rest of the microbiome such as increased richness (observed species), and reduced stability (increased beta-diversity). Moreover, after the transient increase inVibrios,two lineages of bacteria (RhodobacteralesandCytophagales) increased in coral tissues, suggesting thatV. coralliilyticuschallenge opens niche space for these known opportunists.Rhodobacteralesincreased from 6.99% (±0.05 SEM) to a maximum mean relative abundance of 48.75% (±0.14 SEM) in the final time point andCytophagalesfrom <0.001% to 3.656%.Halobacteriovoraxpredators are commonly present at low-abundance on coral surfaces. Based on the keystone role of predators in many ecosystems, we hypothesized thatHalobacteriovoraxpredators might help protect corals by consuming foreign or “alien” gram negative bacteria.Halobacteriovoraxinoculation also altered the microbiome but to a lesser degree thanV. coralliilyticus, andHalobacteriovoraxwere never detected after inoculation. Simultaneous challenge with bothV. coralliilyticusand predatoryHalobacteriovoraxeliminated the increase inV. coralliilyticus, ameliorated changes to the rest of the coral microbiome, and prevented the secondary blooms of opportunisticRhodobacteralesandCytophagalesseen in theV. coralliilyticuschallenge. These data suggest that, under certain circumstances, host-associated bacterial predators may mitigate the ability of other bacteria to destabilize the microbiome.

Abstract TP85: Impact of Periodontal Disease and -Bacteria on Intracranial Aneurysms

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shotaro Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Index

Introduction: Periodontal Gram-negative bacteria and their products can initiate inflammatory responses in periodontal tissues with systemic consequences. They are associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke. Local inflammation and oxidative stress play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Under the hypothesis that the severity of periodontal disease is associated with the formation and rupture of IAs we assessed which periodontal pathogens contribute to the pathogenesis of IAs. Methods: We enrolled patients with ruptured- (n=5, age 60±11.9) and unruptured IAs (n=13, age 67±6.1) and controls without IAs (n=7, age 58±8.5); their prior informed consent was obtained. The severity of periodontitis was recorded using the community periodontal index (CPI) of the Treatment Needs code. Subgingival plaques (n=23) were evaluated with the quantitative real-time PCR assay to check for the Gram-negative bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Tannerella forsythia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). Plasma IgG titers of antibody against Pg, Pi, Aa, and Eikenella corrodens were evaluated by ELISA. Results: The CPI was significantly higher in patients with IAs than the controls (2.7 vs 1.9, p<0.05) and their DNA level of subgingival plaques and their plasma IgG titers of Pg were also higher. Periodontal disease was more severe and the plasma IgG titers of Pg were higher in patients with ruptured- than unruptured IAs, suggesting that Pg is associated not only with the formation but also the rupture of IAs. Conclusions: We present evidence that severe periodontal disease and Pg infection may be involved in the pathophysiology of IAs. The management of periodontal diseases may help to prevent the formation and rupture of IAs.

An Investigation of the Bactericidal Effect of Certain Antiseptics and Disinfectants on Some Hospital Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacteria

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melike Tunçay Ekizoglu ◽  
Meral Özalp ◽  
Nedim Sultan ◽  
Deniz Gür
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Suspension Test

AbstractThe effect of widely used antiseptics and disinfectants on some hospital isolates of gram-negative bacteria was assessed by the quantitative suspension test. Chlorhexidine gluconate (4%), savlon (1:100), and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite were tested. Savlon and chlorhexidine gluconate were effective at in-use concentrations and sodium hypochlorite was effective at 1:50 dilution.

scholarly journals Effect of chlorhexidine on covid 19 virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Himanshu Aeran ◽  
Amrinder Singh Tuli ◽  
Supriya Elizabeth Paul
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Enveloped Virus

High generation of aerosols, and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva have suggested oral cavity as a reservoir for COVID-19 transmission. COVID-19 can penetrate the human body. The transmission can occur during coughing, sneezing, talking and even during dental care. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus, characterized by an outer lipid membrane. It has been seen that preprocedural rinses with mouthwash reduces the viral load. Chlorhexidine gluconate has been used in the clinical practice since ages. It is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent, causing distruction of cellular membranes. It acts against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, aerobes, facultative anaerobes and fungus. It is also seen to be effective against viruses. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of chlorhexidine in COVID-19.

Hiding in Plain Sight: Contaminated Ice Machines Are a Potential Source for Dissemination of Gram-Negative Bacteria and Candida Species in Healthcare Facilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anubhav Kanwar ◽  
Jennifer L. Cadnum ◽  
Dongyan Xu ◽  
Annette L. Jencson ◽  
Curtis J. Donskey
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Fluorescent Tracer ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Inner Surface

BACKGROUNDContaminated ice machines have been linked to transmission of pathogens in healthcare facilities.OBJECTIVETo determine the frequency and sites of contamination of ice machines in multiple healthcare facilities and to investigate potential mechanisms of microorganism dispersal from contaminated ice machines to patients.DESIGNMulticenter culture survey and simulation study.SETTINGThe study took place in 5 hospitals and 2 nursing homes in northeastern Ohio.METHODSWe cultured multiple sites on ice machines from patient care areas. To investigate potential mechanisms of microbial dispersal from contaminated ice machines, we observed the use of ice machines and conducted simulations using a fluorescent tracer and cultures.RESULTSSamples from 64 ice machines in the 5 hospitals and 2 nursing homes (range, 3–16 per facility) were cultured. Gram-negative bacilli and/or Candida spp were recovered from 100% of drain pans, 52% of ice and/or water chutes, and 72% of drain-pan grilles. During the operation of ice machines, ice often fell through the grille, resulting in splattering, with dispersal of contaminated water from the drain pan to the drain-pan grille, cups, and the hands of those using the ice machine. Contamination of the inner surface of the ice chute resulted in contamination of ice cubes exiting the chute.CONCLUSIONSOur findings demonstrate that ice machines in healthcare facilities are often contaminated with gram-negative bacilli and Candida species, and provide a potential mechanism by which these organisms may be dispersed. Effective interventions are needed to reduce the risk of dissemination of pathogenic organisms from ice machines.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:253–258

Perfil microbiológico e resistência bacteriana em unidade de tratamento intensivo

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Elaine Viana Cabral ◽  
Vanessa De Brito Poveda
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Terapia Intensiva

ABSTRACTObjectives: to determine the profile microbiological of one ICU in the last three years and to detect the emergence of resistant strains. Methodology: retrospective study which was raised the cultures results of over a period of one ICU with eight beds. Results: from 194 exams results of analyzed culture, there were growths of 177 bacterias and the mostly gram negative. The Pseudomonas sp was found and presented the most extensive resistance to Amoxicillin and Cephalosporins from 1st and 2nd generation. The Staphylococcus sp was found in 44 cultures and was resistant to Penicillin in 82% and 28% to Oxacillin. Conclusion: the gram negative bacteria are common in skin microorganisms, so it is extremely necessary to use preventive measures to avoid cross-contamination through the hands of health professionals.Descriptors: intensive care units; drug resistance bacterial; prevention.RESUMOObjetivos: traçar o perfil microbiológico da UTI nos últimos três anos e detectar o possível surgimento de cepas resistentes. Metodologia: estudo retrospectivo, no qual se levantaram resultados de culturas em um determinado período de uma UTI com oito leitos. Resultados: dos 194 exames de cultura analisados, constatou-se o crescimento de 177 bactérias, sendo a maioria gram negativas. A Pseudomonas sp foi a mais encontrada e apresentou ampla resistência à Amoxacilina e Cefalosporinas de 1ª e 2ª geração. O Staphylococcus sp apareceu em 44 culturas e se mostrou resistente em 82% à Penicilina e 28% à Oxacilina. Conclusões: as bactérias gram negativas são comuns na microbiota cutânea, por isso é extremamente necessário à utilização de medidas preventivas para evitar a contaminação cruzada por meio das mãos dos profissionais da saúde. Descritores: unidade de terapia intensiva; farmacorresistência bacteriana; prevenção.RESUMENObjetivos: determinar el perfil microbiológico de la UTI en los últimos tres años y detectar la possibilidad de aparición de cepas resistentes. Metodología: el estudio retrospectivo, que se plantearon los resultados de las culturas en un período de uno de oito camas de UCI. Resultados: de los 194 exámenes de cultura analizados, hubo crecimiento de 177 sendo en su mayoría bacterias Gram negativas. La Pseudomonas sp se encontró y presentó la más amplia resistencia para Amoxicilina y Cefalosporinas, 1ª y 2ª generación. El Staphylococcus sp apareció en 44 culturas y fue resistente a Penicilina en 82% y 28% a Oxacilina. Conclusiones: las bacterias gram negativas son comunes en la piel microflora, por lo que es sumamente necesario utilizar medidas preventivas para evitar la contaminación cruzada a través de las manos de los profesionales de la salud. Descriptores: unidades de terapia intensiva; farmacorresistencia bacteriana; prevención.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Selected Microorganisms Present at Various Sites in a Prosthetics Clinic and Dental Laboratory during Complete Denture Fabrication

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3345
Author(s):  
Krystle L. Moodley ◽  
C. Peter Owen ◽  
Mrudula Patel
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Before And After

Background: Contamination with oral commensals and pathogenic microorganisms, and cross contamination between clinic and laboratory can occur. The amount of contamination has not been determined. Methods: Samples from different clinical and laboratory stages before and after disinfection (17 sites, 10 samples per stage) were collected. Laboratory surfaces and equipment were swabbed for 10 days (11 sites). Swabs were cultured for total mixed flora, Streptococci, Lactobacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, aerobic Gram-negative bacteria (AGNB) and Candida. Knowledge of infection control among staff and students was assessed. Results: Clinic: In total, 30–40% of the samples overall were contaminated with mixed flora and Streptococci of >100 cfu/swab; >100 cfu of AGNB and Candida were present on 6% and 1% of samples; 2% contained <100 cfu of S. aureus. Laboratory: In total, 17–48% of the samples overall were contaminated with mixed flora and Streptococci of >100 cfu/swab; >100 cfu of AGNB were present on 11% of samples; none contained >100 cfu of Candida. Disinfection significantly reduced the level of all organisms. Knowledge of infection control was sufficient, but compliance was poor. Conclusion: Although the count of mixed flora was high, potential pathogens such as S. aureus and Candida were low. In immunocompromised patients, this can become a problem.

Bacterial-Mucosal Cell Junctional Complexes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
Roger C. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Mucosal Lining ◽  
Degenerative Alterations ◽  
Junctional Complexes ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Cells

Bacteria exhibit the ability to adhere to the apical surfaces of intestinal mucosal cells. These attachments either precede invasion of the intestinal wall by the bacteria with accompanying inflammation and degeneration of the mucosa or represent permanent anchoring sites where the bacteria never totally penetrate the mucosal cells.Endemic gram negative bacteria were found attached to the surface of mucosal cells lining the walls of crypts in the rat colon. The bacteria did not intrude deeper than 0.5 urn into the mucosal cells and no degenerative alterations were detectable in the mucosal lining.

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