scholarly journals Clinical study of central cholinergic pathway damage in two mild cognitive impairment patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Liu ◽  
Ming Zhong ◽  
Shiqi Yuan ◽  
Chen Niu ◽  
Xiaoying Ma
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Cholinergic System ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Language Fluency ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Cholinergic Pathway ◽  
Amci Group ◽  
Long Time

Abstract Objectives To explore the role of the central cholinergic system in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild vascular cognitive impairment (vMCI). Methods Twenty-five aMCI patients and 25 vMCI patients were enrolled in this study, and 25 healthy people were chosen as a control group. All participants performed a set of cognitive function scales and were subjected to a brain MRI. We analyzed differences in neuropsychological damage between groups, as well as the degree of brain atrophy and changes in the microstructure of central cholinergic pathways (CCP) in relation to effects on neuropsychological scores. Results (1) Regarding neuropsychological characteristics of the three groups, scores on the MoCA scale, immediate memory, delayed recall, cued recall, long time prolonged recognition, and CDR-SB of the control group were significantly better than those of the aMCI and vMCI groups. Scores on immediate memory, delayed memory, cued recall, long time delayed recognition, and Forward of Digital Span Test (FDST) in the aMCI group were lower than those in the vMCI group. Compared with the aMCI group, the vMCI group was significantly delayed in Trail Making Test (TMA)-A, TMT-B, and TMT B-A. There were no significant differences in HAMA, HAMD, MMSE, MoCA, the Boston Naming Test (BNT), language fluency or visual scale of posterior atrophy (Koedam score) between the vMCI and aMCI groups. (2) As for microstructure changes in the central cholinergic pathway, vMCI group had a decreased FA value in the cingulum (Cing) of the medial pathway, but an increased MD value in the external capsule (Excap) of the lateral pathway when compared to other two groups. Furthermore, the CingMD value of the vMCI group was higher than that of the control group, but the difference was not obvious when compared to the aMCI group. (3) Last, we researched microstructural changes to CCP, degree of brain atrophy, and neuropsychological scores by using partial correlation analysis for all participants. CingFA was negatively correlated with TMT-B, B-A, and FDST. CingMD was negatively correlated with FDST. ExcapFA was positively correlated with MMSE and Backward of BDST, while ExcapMD was negatively correlated with MMSE and MoCA. Claustrum (Claus)FA was positively related to MoCA and FDST, but was negatively related to TMT-A. ClausMD was negatively correlated with MoCA and language fluency. Koedam score was positively correlated with CDR-SB, ExcapMD, and ClausMD, but negatively correlated with MMSE score and inverse BDST. Conclusion The central cholinergic system is involved in the cognitive impairment of both aMCI and vMCI, and their mechanisms may be distinct. aMCI patients may present with primary CCP impairment while vMCI patients probably exhibit impairment secondary to vasogenic damage to the cholinergic system projection network. The lateral cholinergic pathway was more severely impaired than the medial pathway in vMCI patients, in addition to being associated with decreased executive and general cognitive functions. The damage to CCP was related to the degree of brain atrophy, and both may be involved in the development and progression of cognitive dysfunction.

Abstract 17667: Local Atrophy of Parahippocampal Gyrus is Prominent in Heart Failure Patients Without Dementia

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Meguro
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Heart Failure Patients

Introduction: The exacerbation of heart failure (HF) induces brain damage and the cognitive impairment that attenuates the effects of treatment. The medial lateral lobe of brain, including parahippocampal gyrus, is known to reduce its volume in patients with cognitive disorder especially in Alzheimer’s disease. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans identify morphological changes in the brains of patients with HF. Therefore, the Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of three-dimensional brain MRI may contribute to predict the potential risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of patients with HF. Hypothesis: The severity of local atrophy of parahippocampal gyrus, a potential risk of MCI, is prominent in heart failure patients without dementia. Methods: Ten HF patients (age 72+/-15 years, NYHA class II, EF43+/-15 %) and 9 control (age 76+/- 8 years) were enrolled. Patients with dementia were excluded from this study. Three dimensional T1 weighted sagittal images of whole brain were taken using 1.5T MRI. Image analysis was performed to evaluate the severity of local brain atrophy of gray matter using 2mm VBM by the software based on statistical parametric mapping. The Z-score value of volume of interest (VOI) was calculated to evaluate the severity of atrophy in parahippocampal gyrus. Results: The severity of total brain atrophy was similar between HF (8.3+/-3.4%) and control (8.0+/-4.1%). However, as shown in the figure of representative cases, the Z-score value of VOI (pink circle), reflecting the severity of atrophy in parahippocampal gyrus (white arrows), was larger in HF patients group (1.4+/-0.7) in comparison with control group (0.8+/-0.4, P=0.034). The Z-score value was not correlated with age, ejection fraction, left atrial dimension, left ventricular dimensions, or BNP in HF group. Conclusions: In patients with HF, atrophy in parahippocampal gyrus was prominent in comparison with control. Patients with heart failure have potential risk of MCI and dementia.

scholarly journals Cortical Source Multivariate EEG Synchronization Analysis on Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Cui ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Zhijie Bian ◽  
Qiuli Li ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Synchronization Index ◽  
Amci Group ◽  
And Control

Is synchronization altered in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and normal cognitive functions subjects in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)? Resting eye-closed EEG data were recorded in 8 aMCI subjects and 11 age-matched controls in T2DM. Three multivariate synchronization algorithms (S-estimator (S), synchronization index (SI), and global synchronization index (GSI)) were used to measure the synchronization in five ROIs of sLORETA sources for seven bands. Results showed that aMCI group had lower synchronization values than control groups in parietal delta and beta2 bands, temporal delta and beta2 bands, and occipital theta and beta2 bands significantly. Temporal (r=0.629;P=0.004) and occipital (r=0.648;P=0.003) thetaSvalues were significantly positive correlated with Boston Name Testing. In sum, each of methods reflected that the cortical source synchronization was significantly different between aMCI and control group, and these difference correlated with cognitive functions.

scholarly journals The association between depressive and cognitive symptoms in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Hudon ◽  
Sylvie Belleville ◽  
Serge Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

ABSTRACTBackground: Depressive symptoms are frequently observed in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, little is known regarding the cognitive characteristics of this important subgroup.Methods: We examined executive functions (controlled inhibition) and verbal episodic memory in 33 healthy older adults (control group), 18 older adults with amnestic MCI plus subclinical depressive symptoms (a-MCI/D+ group), and 26 older adults with amnestic MCI but no depressive symptoms (a-MCI group).Results: Compared to the a-MCI and control groups, patients with a-MCI/D+ showed poor controlled inhibition. Moreover, in verbal episodic memory these patients recalled fewer words than control participants on immediate free, delayed free, and delayed total (free plus cued) recall. Performance on immediate recall suggested a self-retrieval deficit, but delayed performance also revealed the existence of an encoding impairment. In the a-MCI group, participants exhibited normal performance on the executive task, but pervasive memory impairment; the memory deficit concerned free and total recall on both immediate and delayed tasks, suggesting the existence of encoding and self-retrieval disturbances.Conclusions: This study reveals differences between the pattern of cognitive impairment for a-MCI/D+ and a-MCI subgroups particularly at the level of executive capacities. In terms of memory functioning, the differences between the subgroups were more subtle; more studies are needed in order to better characterize the memory impairment of a-MCI/D+ and a-MCI patients.

scholarly journals Cognitive Changes in Older Adults Following a Stepped Care Intervention for Late-life Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 857-857
Author(s):  
Anna Y Zhang ◽  
Shiyu Lu ◽  
Tianyin Liu ◽  
Dara K Y Leung ◽  
Gloria H Y Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Stepped Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Language Fluency ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Care Intervention ◽  
And Control

Abstract Older adults with depression may manifest cognitive decline and treating depression may maintain or improve cognition. However, cognitive outcomes could be overlooked in non-pharmacological interventions for depression. This analysis investigated cognitive changes in a stepped-care intervention (Clinical Trial ID: NCT03593889) and the potential association with individual depressive symptom change. The community-dwelling older adults at risk of or with depressive symptoms without significant cognitive impairment (n=802) were assigned to intervention group (n=644) and control group (n=138). Depressive symptoms and cognitive functions were measured using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Cognitive Montreal Assessment-5 minutes protocol, respectively. Paired-t-Test showed significant improvements in overall cognition and attention in both intervention and control groups, but the improvements of language fluency (Intervention: MD=-0.51 p<0.01; control: MD=0.14, p=0.500) and orientation (Intervention: MD=-0.22 p<0.05; control: MD=-0.11, p=0.229) only displayed in intervention group. As control group had better cognition at baseline, linear mixed-effects model analysis was used to compare between-group difference. Intervention group had no significant cognitive improvement after adjusting the covariates but a potential improvement in language fluency (Coef. =0.442, SE=0.247, p=0.074). A linear regression analysis in intervention group indicated that reduction of concentration problem (β=0.106, p<0.05) and retardedness (β=0.117, p<0.01) under the symptomatology of depression were associated with the improvement of language fluency. In this group of older persons without significant cognitive impairment, there is no clear evidence of global cognitive benefits in a stepped care depression intervention, although there may be improvements in certain cognitive domains, which may be related to improvements in cognitive aspects of depression.

scholarly journals The Art of Remediating Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Art Therapy Enhances Cognition and Increases Cortical Thickness in Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Junhong Yu ◽  
Iris Rawtaer ◽  
Lee Gan Goh ◽  
Alan Prem Kumar ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Art Therapy ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

Abstract Objective: Previous research on art therapy (AT) in cognitive aging has been lacking. AT can potentially engender significant cognitive gains, due to its rigorous cognitive involvement, making it useful to tackle age-related cognitive decline. Along with these cognitive gains, associated neuroplastic changes are hypothesized to arise from AT as well. The current intervention examined the effects of an AT intervention on cognitive outcomes and cortical thickness (CT) among participants with mild cognitive impairment. Method: Participants were assigned to AT (n = 22) and an active control group (n = 27). In both, weekly 45-min sessions were carried out across 3 months. Cognitive assessments and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were carried out at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Whole brain analyses on CT were carried out. Cognitive outcomes were analyzed using hierarchical linear models. Results: Significant gains in immediate memory and working memory span were observed in the AT group, relative to the control group. Significantly increased CT in the AT group, relative to controls, was observed in a right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) cluster. Furthermore, CT changes in this cluster were significantly and positively correlated with changes in immediate memory. Conclusion: These findings highlighted the role of MFG neuroplasticity in enhancing certain cognitive functions in AT. AT is a neuroplastic intervention capable of engendering significant cognitive gains and associated cortical changes in the context of age-related cognitive decline, even when executed as a low-intensity intervention across 3 months. Given the preliminary nature of these findings, future larger sampled studies are needed.

Errorless learning and elaborative self-generation in healthy older adults and individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: Mnemonic benefits and mechanisms

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOBI LUBINSKY ◽  
JILL B. RICH ◽  
NICOLE D. ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Errorless Learning ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Elaborative Processing ◽  
Amci Group

AbstractErrorless learning is an intervention that benefits memory performance in healthy older adults and a variety of clinical populations. A limitation of the errorless learning technique is that it is passive and does not involve elaborative processing. We report two studies investigating the added benefits of elaborative, self-generated learning to the errorless learning advantage. We also explored the mnemonic mechanisms of the errorless learning advantage. In both studies, older adults and individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) completed four encoding conditions representing the crossing of errorless/errorful learning and self-generated/experimenter-provided learning. Self-generation enhanced the errorless learning benefit in cued recall and cued recognition, but not in free recall or item recognition. An errorless learning advantage was observed for priming of target words, and this effect was amplified for participants with aMCI after self-generated learning. Moreover, the aMCI group showed significant priming of prior self-generated errors. These results demonstrate that self-generation enhances the errorless learning advantage when study and test conditions match. The data also support the argument that errorless learning eliminates the misleading implicit influence of prior errors, as well as the need for explicit memory processes to distinguish targets from errors. (JINS, 2009, 15, 704–716.)

Alzheimer’s Disease: Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate Content and Circulating Erythropoietin

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 834-835
Author(s):  
Petter Järemo ◽  
Alenka Jejcic ◽  
Vesna Jelic ◽  
Tasmin Shahnaz ◽  
Homira Behbahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Oxygen Release ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
2,3 Dpg

Background: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) features the accumulation of β-amyloid in erythrocytes. The subsequent red cell damage may well affect their oxygen-carrying capabilities. 2,3- diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) binds to the hemoglobin thereby promoting oxygen release. It is theorized that 2,3-DPG is reduced in AD and that the resulting hypoxia triggers erythropoietin (EPO) release. Methods & Objective: To explore this theory, we analyzed red cell 2,3-DPG content and EPO in AD, mild cognitive impairment, and the control group, subjective cognitive impairment. Results: We studied (i) 2,3-DPG in red cells, and (ii) circulating EPO in AD, and both markers were unaffected by dementia. Disturbances of these oxygen-regulatory pathways do not appear to participate in brain hypoxia in AD.

MHealth Applications for People with Cognitive Impairment and Their Caregivers: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Pei Chen ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Haining Liu ◽  
Xianwen Li
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Mobile health application has become an important tool for healthcare systems. One such tool is the delivery of assisting in people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aims to explore and evaluate the existing evidence and challenges on the use of mHealth applications that assisting in people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers. METHODS Nine databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycARTICLES, CINAHL, Web of Science, Applied Science & Technology Source, IEEE Xplore and the ACM Digital Library were searched from inception through June 2020 for the studies of mHealth applications on people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers. Two reviewers independently extracted, checked synthesized data independently. RESULTS Of the 6101 studies retrieved, 64 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three categories emerged from this scoping review. These categories are ‘application functionality’, ‘evaluation strategies’, ‘barriers and challenges’. All the included studies were categorized into 7 groups based on functionality: (1) cognitive assessment; (2) cognitive training; (3) life support; (4) caregiver support; (5) symptom management; (6) reminiscence therapy; (7) exercise intervention. The included studies were broadly categorized into four types: (1) Usability testing; (2) Pilot and feasibility studies; (3) Validation studies; and (4) Efficacy or Effectiveness design. These studies had many defects in research design such as: (1) small sample size; (2) deficiency in active control group; (3) deficiency in analyzing the effectiveness of intervention components; (4) lack of adverse reactions and economic evaluation; (5) lack of consideration about the education level, electronic health literacy and smartphone proficiency of the participants; (6) deficiency in assessment tool; (7) lack of rating the quality of mHealth application. Some progress should be improved in the design of smartphone application functionality, such as: (1) the design of cognitive measurements and training game need to be differentiated; (2) reduce the impact of the learning effect. Besides this, few studies used health behavior theory and performed with standardized reporting. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results show that mobile technologies facilitate the assistance in people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers. The majority of mHealth application interventions incorporated usability outcome and health outcomes. However, these studies have many defects in research design that limit the extrapolation of research. The content of mHealth application is urgently improved to adapt to demonstrate the real effect. In addition, further research with strong methodological rigor and adequate sample size are needed to examine the feasibility, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of mHealth applications for people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document