scholarly journals Productivity and the pandemic: short-term disruptions and long-term implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas de Vries ◽  
Abdul Erumban ◽  
Bart van Ark
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Industry Level ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Productivity Gains

AbstractThis paper analyses quarterly estimates of productivity growth at industry level for three advanced economies, France, the UK and the US, for 2020. We use detailed industry-level data to distinguish reallocations of working hours between industries from pure within-industry productivity gains or losses. We find that all three countries showed positive growth rates of aggregate output per hour in 2020 over 2019. However, after removing the effects from the reallocation of hours between low and high productivity industries, only the US still performed positively in terms of within-industry productivity growth. In contrast, the two European economies showed negative within-industry productivity growth rates in 2020. While above-average digital-intensive industries outperformed below-average ones in both France and the UK, the US showed higher productivity growth in both groups compared to the European countries. Industries with medium-intensive levels of shares of employees working from home prior to the pandemic made larger productivity gains in 2020 than industries with the highest pre-pandemic work-from-home shares. Overall, after taking into account the productivity collapse in the hospitality and culture sector during 2020, productivity growth shows no clear deviation from the slowing pre-pandemic productivity trend. Future trends in productivity growth will depend on whether the favourable productivity gains (or smaller losses) in industries with above-average digital intensity will outweigh negative effects from the pandemic, in particular scarring effects on labour markets and business dynamics.

scholarly journals Analysis of Trends, Growth and Instability in Rice Production in Andhra Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
G. P. Sunandini ◽  
K. Solmon Raju Paul ◽  
Shakuntala Devi Irugu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The Past

The study has been taken up with the objective of investigating the trends, pattern of growth and the extent of instability in area, production and productivity of rice crop in Andhra Pradesh state over a period of five and half decades from 1959-60 to 2013-14. Compound Growth Rate and Coefficient of Variation were used to calculate the annual growth rate and instability. The area, production and productivity of rice in this period has increased by 25, 201 and 138 per cent respectively. In this period, the districts were categorised and grouped under different groups based on average productivity of rice. During the study period many of the districts moved from very low productivity to high productivity group. During 1960s, 17 districts are under very low productivity group (<1500 kg/ha) and in 2010s 13 districts are under high productivity group (>3000 kg/ha). During the period 2014-19 in the divided Andhra Pradesh contribution of different productivity groups to the states paddy production was calculated and concluded that 3 districts under high productivity group (>6000kg/ha) contributed 52 per cent of the production. During 2010s annual growth rates for area, production and productivity are 4.08, 4.02 and 1.21 respectively. In all the periods in the past five and half decades, production and productivity growth rates are higher than growth rate in area except in 2010s. Instability was higher in production and area than in productivity.  The annual growth rate and the instability of production and area are higher in 2010s. Suitable crop planning is to be initiated, adoption of sustainable management practices are to be intensified to maintain the growth rate and reduce the instability in area and production.

scholarly journals US AND UK LABOUR MARKETS BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 CRASH

2020 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. R52-R69 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N.F. Bell ◽  
David G. Blanchflower
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
National Data ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Distributional Impact

We examine labour market performance in the US and the UK prior to the onset of the Covid-19 crash. We then track the changes that have occurred in the months and days from the beginning of March 2020 using what we call the Economics of Walking About (EWA) that shows a collapse twenty times faster and much deeper than the Great Recession. We examine unemployment insurance claims by state by day in the US as well as weekly national data. We track the distributional impact of the shock and show that already it is hitting the most vulnerable groups who are least able to work from home the hardest – the young, the least educated and minorities. We have no official labour market data for the UK past January but see evidence that job placements have fallen sharply. We report findings from an online poll fielded from 11–16 April 2020 showing that a third of workers in Canada and the US report that they have lost at least half of their income due to the Covid-19 crisis, compared with a quarter in the UK and 45 per cent in China. We estimate that the unemployment rate in the US is around 20 per cent in April. It is hard to know what it is in the UK given the paucity of data, but it has gone up a lot.

Emergency Sales in the US and the UK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Mallon ◽  
Shai Y. Waisman ◽  
Ray C. Schrock
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City

Any business that relies on confidence in its financial position, its brand name or goodwill, talented (but mobile) employees, or short-term contracts with customers or counterparties will be particularly hard hit by suggestions that it is or may soon be experiencing financial distress. Businesses of this type have been likened to ‘melting ice cubes’—once exposed to the heat of potential insolvency, value in the business melts away rapidly as customers and counterparties look to terminate relationships, key employees look to exit, and the goodwill and brand name of the business become tarnished. The catastrophic and rapid collapse during 2008 of famous Wall Street and the City of London names illustrated this in dramatic fashion, but businesses of almost every type will suffer negative effects once financial difficulties become more widely known.

Stress test

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Test ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The Coronavirus outbreak that started in China in late 2019 and spread globally in 2020 has had profound impacts on almost all areas of our working and personal lives. In the workplace, one of the functions that was perhaps most under the spotlight was human relations (HR) as first they had to deal with how people could work from home, and then if people should be put on furlough or worse, if they should lose their jobs. While countries such as Denmark and the UK agreed to fund people’s wages up to a certain percentage or cap of their salary, other countries such as the US saw millions simply become unemployed overnight. HR departments worldwide suddenly had to make some of the toughest decisions they will have ever been asked to do and implement them in a matter of days. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds his/her own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings The Coronavirus outbreak that started in China in late 2019 and spread globally in 2020 has had profound impacts on almost all areas of our working and personal lives. In the workplace, one of the functions that was perhaps most under the spotlight was human relations (HR) as first they had to deal with how people could work from home, and then if people should be put on furlough or worse, if they should lose their jobs. While countries such as Denmark and the UK agreed to fund people’s wages up to a certain percentage or cap of their salary, other countries such as the US saw millions simply become unemployed overnight. HR departments worldwide suddenly had to make some of the toughest decisions they will have ever been asked to do and implement them in a matter of days. Practical implications This paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Taxes offer an alternative to tariffs

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Us ◽  
Labour Participation

Subject Goods trade and redistribution. Significance The creation of winners and losers is at the core of the public debate surrounding international trade. Some workers benefit from having a comparative advantage in international competition, but many that do not, lose out from trade. The winners tend to take their good fortune for granted, but the losers feel their pain acutely. Impacts Concerns will persist; research shows that Chinese import exposure lowers US labour participation, incomes and social assistance take up. Progressive taxation helps workers, but disincentivises moving from low- to high-productivity locations; policy will need to consider this. The US tax system has historically become more regressive as the economy has opened to trade; changing direction would reduce inequality. Increasing tax policy progressivity as automation accelerates will ease worries about the negative effects of technological progress.

Economic Growth in Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Ray Barrell
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Trend Growth

Economic growth in Europe has been disappointing in the past few years, especially when compared to the US, and in addition growth in the UK has looked more robust than that in the large continental economies. There could be many factors that contribute to these differences, and they are addressed in the articles by Crafts; Barrell, Guillemineau and Holland; Mc Morrow and Röger; and Bebee and Hunt in this Review. This introduction discusses some of the factors affecting growth, and draws some conclusions from these studies that help us understand why growth may differ between countries for sustained periods of time, and also why underlying, or trend growth rates may vary over time.

Do Environmental Regulations Cost Jobs? An Industry-Level Analysis of the UK

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A Cole ◽  
Rob J Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Industry Level ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Regulation Costs ◽  
Level Analysis

Abstract This paper revisits the 'jobs versus the environment' debate and provides the first analysis for a country other than the US. We firstly examine the impact of environmental regulations on employment assuming such regulations are exogenous. However, for the first time in a study of this nature, we then allow environmental regulation costs and employment to be endogenously determined. Environmental regulation costs are not found to have a statistically significant effect on employment whether such costs are treated as being exogenous or endogenous. We therefore find no evidence of a trade-off between jobs and the environment.

scholarly journals Student Wellbeing Through Teacher Wellbeing: A Study with Law Teachers in the UK and Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Colin James ◽  
Caroline Strevens ◽  
Rachael Field ◽  
Clare Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Law Students ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The Us ◽  
Teacher Wellbeing ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
The Uk

Research confirms law students and lawyers in the US, Australia and more recently in the UK are prone to symptoms related to stress and anxiety disproportionately to other professions. In response, the legal profession and legal academy in Australia and the UK have created Wellness Networks to encourage and facilitate research and disseminate ideas and strategies that might help law students and lawyers to thrive. This project builds on that research through a series of surveys of law teachers in the UK and Australia on the presumption that law teachers are in a strong position to influence their students not only about legal matters, but on developing attitudes and practices that will help them to survive and thrive as lawyers. The comparative analysis reveals several differences, but also many similarities with law teachers in both countries reporting negative effects from neoliberal pressures on legal education programs that impact their wellbeing, performance as teachers and ability to adequately respond to student concerns.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document