Actinomadura amylolytica sp. nov. and Actinomadura cellulosilytica sp. nov., isolated from geothermally heated soil

Soil remediation process by heated soil vapor extraction system has drawn considerably attention for the last few years. The areas around chemical companies or waste disposal sites have been seriously contaminated from the chemicals and other polluting materials that are disposed off. Our present study is concentrated on modeling one transient Heated Soil Vapor Extraction System and predicting the time required for effective remediation. The process developed by Advanced Remedial Technology, consists of a heating source pipe and the extraction well embedded in the soil. The number of heat source pipes and the extraction wells depends on the type of soil, the type of pollutants, moisture content of the soil and the size of the area to be cleaned. The heat source heats the soil, which is transported in the interior part of the soil by means of conduction and convection. This heating of soil results in vaporization of the gases, which are then driven out of the soil by the extraction well. The extraction well consists of the blower which would suck the vaporized gases out of the system. A three-dimensional meshed geometry was developed using gambit. Different boundary conditions were used for heating and suction well and for other boundaries. Concentrations of different chemicals were collected from the actual site and this data was used as an initial condition. The analysis uses the species transport and discrete phase modeling to predict the time required to clean the soil under specific conditions. This analysis could be used for predicting the changes of chemical concentrations in the soil during the remediation process. This will give us more insight to the physical phenomena and serve as a numerical predictive tool for more efficient process.

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Steady State Analysis of Heated Soil Vapor Extraction Process With Air Sparging

Heat Transfer: Volume 2 ◽

10.1115/ht2005-72272 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

P. M. Mohan Das ◽

R. S. Amano ◽

T. Roy ◽

J. Jatkar

Keyword(s):

Extraction Process ◽

Soil Vapor Extraction ◽

Air Sparging ◽

Saturated Zone ◽

Vapor Extraction ◽

Combined System ◽

Discrete Phase Modeling ◽

Discrete Phase ◽

Time Required ◽

Heated Soil

Heated Soil Vapor Extraction (HSVE), developed by Advanced Remedial Technology is a Soil remediation process that has gained significant attention during the past few years. HSVE along with Air sparging has been found to be an effective way of remediating soil of various pollutants including solvents, fuels and Para-nuclear aromatics. The combined system consists of a heater/boiler that pumps and circulates hot oil through heating wells, a blower that helps to suck the contaminants out through the extraction well, and air sparging wells that extend down to the saturated region in the soil. Both the heating wells and extraction wells are installed vertically in the saturated region in contaminated soil and is welded at the bottom and capped at the top. The heat source heats the soil and the heat is transported inside the soil by means of conduction and convection. This heating of soil results in vaporization of the gases, which are then absorbed by the extraction well. Soil vapor extraction cannot remove contaminants in the saturated zone of the soil that lies below the water table. In that case air sparging may be used. In air sparging system, air is pumped into the saturated zone to help flush the contaminants up into the unsaturated zone where the contaminants are removed by SVE well. In this analysis an attempt has been made to predict the behavior of different chemicals in the unsaturated and saturated regions of the soil. This analysis uses the species transport and discrete phase modeling to predict the behavior of different chemicals when it is heated and absorbed by the extraction well. Such an analysis will be helpful in predicting the parameters like the distance between the heating and extraction wells, the temperature to be maintained at the heating well and the time required for removing the contaminants from the soil.

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The Influence of Heated Soil in Crop of “Tamaris” Tomato Plants on the Biological Activity of the Rhizosphere Soil

Advances in Microbiology ◽

10.4236/aim.2014.44025 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

pp. 191-201

Author(s):

Lidia Sas Paszt ◽

Paweł Trzciński ◽

Małgorzata Bakalarska ◽

Ryszard Hołownicki ◽

Paweł Konopacki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Heated Soil

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Experimental and Computational Study of Vaporization of Volatile Organic Compounds

Volume 15: Sustainable Products and Processes ◽

10.1115/imece2007-41086 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Ryo S. Amano ◽

Jose Martinez Lucci ◽

Krishna S. Guntur

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Heat Source ◽

Chlorinated Solvents ◽

Soil Vapor Extraction ◽

Vapor Extraction ◽

Soil Matrix ◽

University Of Wisconsin ◽

Concentration Changes ◽

Heated Soil ◽

The University

Heated Soil Vapor Extraction (HSVE) is a technology that has been used successfully to clean up subsurface soils at sites containing chlorinated solvents and petroleum hydrocarbons. The costs have been extremely high due to the large amount of energy required to volatilize high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds present in the soil matrix. One remediation contractor states that hydrocarbons are oxidized in situ by achieving temperatures in the >1000 F range near the heaters [1]. A critical question is whether the volatile portion of manufactured gas plant (MGP) hydrocarbons (VOCs) can be stripped out at lower temperatures such that the remaining contaminants will be unavailable for transport or subsequent dissolution into the groundwater. Soil remediation by heated soil vapor extraction system is a relatively new technology developed at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee [2]. The areas around chemical companies or waste disposal sites have been seriously contaminated from the chemicals and other polluting materials that are disposed off. The process developed at UWM, consists of a heater/boiler that pump and circulates hot oil through a pipeline that is enclosed in a larger-diameter pipe. This extraction pipe is vertically installed within the contaminated soil up to a certain depth and is welded at the bottom and capped at the top. The number of heat source pipes and the extraction wells depends on the type of soil, the type of pollutants, moisture content of the soil and the size of the area to be cleaned. The heat source heats the soil, which is transported in the interior part of the soil by means of conduction and convection. This heating of soil results in vaporization of the gases, which are then driven out of the soil by the extraction well. The extraction well consists of the blower which would suck the vaporized gases out of the system. Our previous studies had removed higher boiling compounds such as naphthalene, etc., to non-detectable level. Thus, the current technology is very promising for removing most of the chemicals compounds; and can also remove these high boiling compounds from the saturated zone. Gas chromatography (GC) is utilized in monitoring the relative concentration changes over the extraction period. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) assists in the identification and separation of extracted components. The experimental research is currently being conducted at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. The objectives of this study are to identify contaminants and time required to remove them through HSVE treatment and provide data for computation fluid dynamics CFD analysis.

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Numerical Analysis of Heated Soil Vapor Extraction System

Heat Transfer, Volume 7 ◽

10.1115/imece2002-32092 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. S. Jadhav ◽

R. S. Amano ◽

J. Jatkar ◽

R. J. Lind

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Environmental Science ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Soil Vapor Extraction ◽

Vapor Extraction ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Heated Soil ◽

And Diffusion

An innovative and highly effective technique for remediation of soil has been developed—Heated Soil Vapor Extraction (HSVE), which is one of essential technologies that quickly and effectively remediates soil that is contaminated with organic compounds. The system efficiently uses the principles of heat transfer and diffusion to eliminate organic compounds from the soil. It basically consists of a high temperature heat source and a sink to take away the vaporized compounds in the presence of high temperature in the soil. A numerical study has been conducted to further strengthen the fact that the system is very effective, by actually modeling soil with system. Finite Element Analysis software ANSYS® has been used for the purpose of analysis. Such analysis will help environmental science and give new dimensions to soil remediation processes to clean soil off volatile organic compounds so that they can be carried out quickly, efficiently and economically.

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Thermoflavifilum aggregans gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic and slightly halophilic filamentous bacterium from the phylum Bacteroidetes

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.057463-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 64 (Pt_4) ◽

pp. 1264-1270 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Heike Anders ◽

Peter F. Dunfield ◽

Kirill Lagutin ◽

Karen M. Houghton ◽

Jean F. Power ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type Species ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Total Lipid Extract ◽

Strictly Aerobic ◽

Respiratory Quinone ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type ◽

Heated Soil

A strictly aerobic, thermophilic, moderately acidophilic, non-spore-forming bacterium, strain P373T, was isolated from geothermally heated soil at Waikite, New Zealand. Cells were filamentous rods, 0.2–0.4 µm in diameter and grew in chains up to 80 µm in length. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain P373T was shown to belong to the family Chitinophagaceae (class Sphingobacteriia ) of the phylum Bacteroidetes , with the most closely related cultivated strain, Chitinophaga pinensis UQM 2034T, having 87.6 % sequence similarity. Cells stained Gram-negative, and were catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were i-15 : 0 (10.8 %), i-17 : 0 (24.5 %) and i-17 : 0 3-OH (35.2 %). Primary lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and three other unidentified polar lipids. The presence of sulfonolipids (N-acyl-capnines) was observed in the total lipid extract by mass spectrometry. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.3 mol% and the primary respiratory quinone was MK-7. Strain P373T grew at 35–63 °C with an optimum temperature of 60 °C, and at pH 5.5–8.7 with an optimum growth pH of 7.3–7.4. NaCl tolerance was up to 5 % (w/v) with an optimum of 0.1–0.25 % (w/v). Cell colonies were non-translucent and pigmented vivid yellow–orange. Cells displayed an oxidative chemoheterotrophic metabolism. The distinct phylogenetic position and the phenotypic characteristics separate strain P373T from all other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and indicate that it represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Thermoflavifilum aggregans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is P373T ( = ICMP 20041T = DSM 27268T).

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Effect of fire intensity on solution chemistry of surface soil under a Eucalyptus pauciflora forest

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9860423 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 423 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

PK Khanna ◽

RJ Raison

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Solution Chemistry ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Fire Intensity ◽

Soil Solutions ◽

Soluble Silica ◽

High Concentrations ◽

One Year ◽

Heated Soil

The chemical composition of soil solutions (field percolates collected in situ and laboratory saturation extracts) was measured at three sites subjected to widely varying fire intensity in subalpine Eucalyptus paucfiora forest near Canberra. The sites were unburnt forest, areas prescribed burnt resulting in almost complete canopy scorch, and ashbeds (intensely heated soil). Saturation extracts were obtained 1, 58, 375, 745 and 1095 days after the fire, and soil percolates were collected on 17 occasions during the initial year after burning. Large quantities of cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ , NH+4) and anions (Cl-, SO24-) and soluble silica were mobilized by burning, especially under ashbeds. Mobilization resulted from deposition of water-soluble elements in ash, immediate effects of soil heating, and enhanced rates of mineralisation of soil organic matter indicated by high concentrations of NH+4 which persisted for more than one year in surface soils under the ashbeds. After burning Ca2+ became the dominant cation in saturation extracts of surface (0-5 cm) soils for the entire 3-year study period. In the 5-15 cm soil layer, firstly NH+4 and later K+ replaced some of the Na+ in the solution phase. Most of the Cl- deposited in ash was leached below 15 cm depth within one year and was probably accompanied by transport of K+, Mg2+, Na+ and NH+4, but very little transfer of Ca2+ occurred. Concentrations of NO-3 and phosphate were always low in saturation extracts and soil percolates, and levels were unaffected by burning, despite the presence of large amounts of exchangeable NH+4 in the soil and the deposition of significant amounts of phosphate in ash. Burning increased the concentrations of soluble silica and SO24- in saturation extracts for at least 3 years after the fire. Most of the changes in soil solution chemistry measured would increase nutrient availability to the vegetation during the initial year after burning, but these changes must be balanced against losses of organic matter and nutrients during and after fires.

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Application of Binding-Bonding technique for Plastic Solid Waste

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science Engineering and Technology ◽

10.32628/ijsrset207339 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 128-132

Author(s):

Snaa Mistry ◽

R. Krishnamurthy ◽

Rajashekhar Ingalhalli

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Educational Institution ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Huge Amount ◽

Plastic Properties ◽

Heated Soil

Plastic solid waste management is amongst the most menacing issue covered across the globe. Plastic is the material with multiple usages, replacement of plastic is a solution to reduce plastic based pollution but this is not possible in order to gather the needs of humans. Natural resources are depleting worldwide at the same time the generated wastes are expanding substantially. The usage of plastic when looking to its degradation rate has calamitous difference, at present the conversion of plastic into cement can provide an upgrade to environment as well as economic benefits. In this present study the Plastic waste management was done at educational institution in order to manage the huge amount of plastic waste generated everyday by the affiliates.Utilization of plastic waste in preparation of paved blocks originated from the known mechanisms for production of bricks and fly ash blocks. Plastic serves as a bonding agent when heated. Soil serves as binding agent when mixed with melted plastic. Properties of sandy soil shows that after heating it changes the colour, becomes non-sticky, has no effect of weather, compressive strength increases and surface becomes hard. The method used in this study for preparation of blocks from plastic was hypothesized form the technique of production of bricks in which soil is mixed with bonding clay. Sandy soil and clay mixture serves good quality by providing less shrinkage. The aim of this study is to manage plastic waste from depleting the environment.

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Strength Characterization of Soils’ Properties at High Strain Rates Using the Hopkinson Technique—A Review of Experimental Testing

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma15010274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 274

Author(s):

Kamil Sobczyk ◽

Ryszard Chmielewski ◽

Leopold Kruszka ◽

Ryszard Rekucki

Keyword(s):

Critical Infrastructure ◽

Water Saturation ◽

Experimental Testing ◽

Cohesive Soil ◽

Grain Structure ◽

Large Field ◽

Strain Rates ◽

Soil Specimen ◽

Wide Range ◽

Heated Soil

The paper presents a review of crucial experiments and the latest publications, presenting the previous and current trends in experimental research in 2018–2021 in the area of soil dynamic interaction based on the Hopkinson bar technique. A review of investigated experimental test stands was made, in particular, cohesive and non-cohesive soil specimens prepared with different dimensions and densities. From this study, it can be concluded that the dynamic response of the soil depends on many factors, e.g., density, cohesion, moisture and grain structure of the soil specimen. There is still a noticeable interest in SHPB experiments performed in both 1D and 3D versions under modified conditions (frozen/heated soil specimen, different degree of water saturation content of the soil sample) in a wide range of strain rates 102–104 s−1, which is a large field for further research. The need to learn about the characteristics of various types of soil (both cohesive and non-cohesive) for the selection of structural design solutions for the protection elements of critical infrastructure was emphasized.

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Simulation Study of Heated Soil Vapor

Heat Transfer: Volume 3 ◽

10.1115/ht2003-47054 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. S. Jadhav ◽

R. S. Amano ◽

J. Jatkar ◽

R. J. Lind

Keyword(s):

Heat Exchange ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Vapor Extraction ◽

Chemical Pollutants ◽

Real Process ◽

Numerical Tools ◽

Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽

Time Required ◽

Heated Soil ◽

Significant Attention

Soil remediation using Heated Soil Vapor Extraction System has gained a significant attention in recent years. The process, developed by Advanced Remedial Technology**, comprises of a heat well (heat source) and an extraction well (sink). These wells are pipes, which are implanted in the soil. Heating is accomplished by circulating hot oil through the heat exchange units in heat well. The extraction well has a blower, which sucks the air, and other volatile gases that are evaporated due to heating. An analysis aimed at improving the predictability of the process using numerical tools has been carried out. The key parameters in the process can be identified as the distance between the wells, the temperature that has to be maintained in the heat well and the time required vaporizing the gases and taking them off the soil. These parameters are strongly dependent on the properties of the soil and properties of the chemical pollutants present in the soil. An attempt has been made to model the real process of heating the soil and vaporizing of chemicals in the soil. Such comprehensive analysis will be very much helpful in predicting the different parameters as discussed above and result in increase in effectiveness and efficiency of the process.

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