scholarly journals The introduction of the European Caucasotachea vindobonensis (Gastropoda: Helicidae) in North America, its origin and its potential range

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Hausdorf ◽  
Matt Parr ◽  
Laura J. Shappell ◽  
Jens Oldeland ◽  
David G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Adirondack Mountains ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Niche Model ◽  
The North ◽  
Environmental Niche Model

AbstractWe report the introduction of the central and eastern European helicid land snail Caucasotachea vindobonensis in North America. It was first recorded from Rensselaer County in the state of New York in 2015 by a community scientist. From 2016 to 2020, 14 additional occurrences in Rensselaer County, neighbouring Albany County and an imprecisely localized site in the Adirondack Mountains were recorded by community scientists. In 2020, the species was newly recorded at two sites in Schoharie County, NY, and at three sites in Québec, one of them approximately 700 km to the north of the initial record. Partial mitochondrial cox1 sequences from Rensselaer differ from an eastern Ukrainian haplotype only in a single substitution. Therefore, a Ukrainian origin for this introduction is likely, although not certain: the Rensselaer haplotype also differs in only two substitutions from a more widespread haplotype known from Ukraine, Hungary, Slovakia, Czechia, Serbia, and Bulgaria. An environmental niche model of the species based on occurrence data from central and eastern Europe indicated that a large region from the northern east coast to the midwestern United States is suitable for C. vindobonensis. The Canadian occurrences may indicate that the North American lineage is able to survive colder winters than predicted by the environmental niche model. Caucasotachea vindobonensis is not listed as a pest in Europe and it is unlikely to become an agricultural pest in North America as it prefers rotting plant material over living parts of plants, but its impact on native organisms can hardly be predicted.

scholarly journals Chronology of Range Expansion of the Coyote, Canis latrans, in New York

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Fener ◽  
Joshua R. Ginsberg ◽  
Eric W. Sanderson ◽  
Matthew E. Gompper
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
The State ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Proximate Mechanisms ◽  
The North ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Correlative Relationship

Coyotes (Canis latrans) were historically restricted to central North America. In less than two centuries, however, Coyotes have colonized most of the continent, including much of northeastern North America. Better understanding causes and proximate mechanisms of this expansion requires a detailed understanding of how Coyotes colonized areas on a fine scale. We examined the establishment of Coyotes in the State of New York by collecting and analyzing reports of their first occurrence throughout the state over the past century, and creating a detailed map of range expansion. Coyotes first entered New York from the north, circled the Adirondack region prior to colonizing it, and then expanded southward and westward at ca. 78-90 km/decade. The revealed pattern lends little support to the hypotheses that the range expansion is attributable to translocations and releases, or that Coyotes were historically present in the region and only recently expanded in numbers. Rather, the data suggest a correlative relationship between anthropogenic land use and Coyote range expansion.

Vertical zonation of Sphagnum mosses along hummock-hollow gradients

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3128-3139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Andrus ◽  
Daniel J. Wagner ◽  
John E. Titus
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Adirondack Mountains ◽  
Vertical Zonation ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
The North ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Sample Points

The vertical distributions of nine Sphagnum species and four associated mosses in two bogs (Adirondack Mountains, New York) were analyzed for interspecific and interbog differences. Based on 4300 sample points, Sphagnum mean heights ranged from 12 to 43 cm above the water table and the sequence of species was similar in both bogs (S. cuspidatum and S. majus) < (S. fallax and S. angustifolium) < (S. magellanicum, S. rubellum, and S. russowii) < (S. fuscum and S. nemoreum). However, at Bloomingdale Bog, a relatively dry mire with many well-developed hummocks and narrow hollows, mosses had significantly greater means (by 4-12 cm) than at Raybrook Bog, a relatively wet mire with wide Sphagnum carpets and fewer hummocks. South- and east-facing hummock slopes tended to be gentler than the north and west slopes, but the mosses’ mean heights did not vary with aspect. The abundance of hummocks at Bloomingdale seems responsible for not only the greater mean heights, but also for broader ranges and greater vertical overlap with other species. However, the ability of each species to dominate a certain array of height classes did not differ between bogs. Within each bog, hummock species tended to have larger vertical ranges than hollow species, implying a lesser ability of hollow mosses to tolerate the full range of conditions along the hummock-hollow gradient.

scholarly journals Diversity of Hypoviruses and Other Double-Stranded RNAs in Cryphonectria parasitica in North America

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1026-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobin L. Peever ◽  
Yir-Chung Liu ◽  
Michael G. Milgroom
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
North America ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
The North ◽  
Hybridization Group

Double-stranded (ds) RNAs in Cryphonectria parasitica were randomly sampled from nine subpopulations in North America using an antibody-based detection system for dsRNA. dsRNA was detected in 166 (28%) of a total of 595 C. parasitica isolates sampled by immunoblotting. Incidence of dsRNA infection within subpopulations ranged from 0% in samples from New Hampshire and Ontario to 100% in County Line, MI. Most of the dsRNAs sampled were approximately 9 to 13 kb in size. dsRNAs from 72 isolates analyzed by probing Northern blots with 32P-labeled dsRNAs were in one of three hybridization groups. One hybridization group was widespread throughout eastern North America, being found in New York, New Jersey, Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Michigan. These dsRNAs hybridized to dsRNA from the previously described C. parasitica isolate SR2 from Maryland and are referred to as SR2-type dsRNAs. The second hybridization group was found almost exclusively in Michigan. The Michigan dsRNAs cross-hybridized to Cryphonectria hypovirus 3-GH2 (CHV3-GH2) and are referred to as CHV3-type dsRNAs.One dsRNA sampled from Kentucky hybridized to CHV3-type dsRNAs from Michigan. This dsRNA was probably derived from a fungal isolate that had been intentionally released for biological control at this same site 10 years previously and had become established in Kentucky. The third hybridization group was found only in New Jersey. These dsRNAs were much smaller than all other dsRNAs (3 and 5 kb) and were found in all 11 isolates that were probed; two of these isolates also had SR2-type dsRNA in mixed infections. None of the North American dsRNAs hybridized to CHV1 from Europe, even though CHV1 has been released in numerous locations in eastern North America for biological control of chestnut blight. Similarly, no dsRNAs hybridized to CHV2-NB58, a hypovirus found previously in New Jersey. Mixed infections of SR2-type and CHV3-type dsRNAs were found in 13 of 15 isolates from Frankfort, MI, while another nearby subpopulation (County Line) was infected with only CHV3-type dsRNAs. The distribution of dsRNA hybridization groups in C. parasitica thus presents a mixed picture, since one hybridization group is widespread, whereas two others are primarily restricted to smaller geographic areas.

The genus Alucita in North America, with description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Landry ◽  
Jean-François Landry
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
North American ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Two New Species

AbstractThe North American fauna of Alucitidae is shown to include three widespread species: Alucita montana Barnes et Lindsey, 1921 (nec Cockerell), Alucita adriendenisisp. nov. (type locality: Manitoulin Island, Ontario, Canada), and Alucitalalanneisp. nov. (type locality: Maynooth, Ontario, Canada). Alucita hexadactyla (L., 1758) and A. huebneri Wallengren, 1862 do not occur in North America. The three North American species are described and illustrated. Alucita montana is found from southwestern Quebec and Vermont, west to British Columbia, and south to Arizona, California, and Texas; its caterpillar is associated with Symphoricarpos spp. (Caprifoliaceae). Alucita adriendenisi is known from northwestern Quebec and New York, west to Alberta and the Northwest Territories, with more southern populations (isolated?) in West Virginia, Arizona, and Texas; its caterpillar feeds on flowers of Lonicera dioica L. (Caprifoliaceae) in Michigan. Alucita lalannei has been found in Ontario, Manitoba, and Alberta, Canada; its host plant is unknown.

Black bear predation of white-tailed deer neonates in the central Adirondacks

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1241-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Mathews ◽  
William F. Porter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Adirondack Mountains ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Significant Mortality

Bear predation has recently been recognized as a significant mortality factor affecting free-ranging cervid populations in North America. This report documents three probable incidents of black bear predation on neonate white-tailed deer in the central Adirondack Mountains of New York during June of 1986 and 1987. Black bear predation on free-ranging white-tailed deer has not been previously reported in the northeastern United States.

Re-engaging Citizens in Europe and North America

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-157
Author(s):  
Brian Wampler ◽  
Stephanie McNulty ◽  
Michael Touchton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
North America ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
The North ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
National Governments

The spread of PB in the North Atlantic region (Europe, the United States, and Canada) is taking place as citizen apathy, declining trust, social exclusion, and growing inequalities spread in these wealthier democracies. By 2016, major cities such as New York City, Paris, Madrid, Barcelona, Lisbon, Chicago, Boston, Seattle, Toronto, and Seville adopted some form of PB. The national governments in Poland and Portugal now mandate some form of PB. The authors see significant institutional innovation in these PB processes as PB’s original rules have been reimagined to address different types of problems. New York City and Chicago initiated their PB programs at sub-municipal levels. Paris, Madrid, and Barcelona had adapted their PB programs to strongly emphasize online participation. At the broadest level, PB in Europe and North America is more heavily geared toward civic education and community empowerment than toward the redistribution of spending priorities. In some place PB remains a democratic institution that retains some of the radical features of the first wave but it is also a policymaking tool in other places, designed to generate government efficiencies. Most importantly, most programs retain the radical idea that a wide variety of citizens, especially those from politically weaker and more marginalized groups, should be directly involved in decision-making.

Mafias on the Move

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Varese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
At Will

Organized crime is spreading like a global virus as mobs take advantage of open borders to establish local franchises at will. That at least is the fear, inspired by stories of Russian mobsters in New York, Chinese triads in London, and Italian mafias throughout the West. As this book explains, the truth is more complicated. The author has spent years researching mafia groups in Italy, Russia, the United States, and China, and argues that mafiosi often find themselves abroad against their will, rather than through a strategic plan to colonize new territories. Once there, they do not always succeed in establishing themselves. The book spells out the conditions that lead to their long-term success, namely sudden market expansion that is neither exploited by local rivals nor blocked by authorities. Ultimately the inability of the state to govern economic transformations gives mafias their opportunity. In a series of matched comparisons, the book charts the attempts of the Calabrese 'Ndrangheta to move to the north of Italy, and shows how the Sicilian mafia expanded to early twentieth-century New York, but failed around the same time to find a niche in Argentina. The book explains why the Russian mafia failed to penetrate Rome but succeeded in Hungary. A pioneering chapter on China examines the challenges that triads from Taiwan and Hong Kong find in branching out to the mainland. This book is both a compelling read and a sober assessment of the risks posed by globalization and immigration for the spread of mafias.

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