scholarly journals Cognitive Fusion Mediates the Impact of Attachment Imagery on Paranoia and Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1150-1161
Author(s):  
Monica Sood ◽  
Katherine Newman-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Mechanisms Of Change ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Interpersonal Threat ◽  
Mental Events ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Paranoia, in both clinical and non-clinical groups, is characterised by unfounded interpersonal threat beliefs. Secure attachment imagery attenuates paranoia, but little is known about the mechanisms of change. Cognitive fusion describes the extent to which we can ‘step back’ from compelling beliefs, to observe these as mental events, and is implicated in psychopathology cross-diagnostically. Aims This study extends previous research demonstrating the impact of attachment imagery on paranoia and anxiety to determine whether cognitive fusion mediates these relationships. Method We utilised a randomized experimental design and recruited an analogue sample with high levels of non-clinical paranoia to test the impact of imagery and the role of cognitive fusion. Results Secure attachment imagery resulted in reduced paranoia and anxiety compared to threat/insecure imagery. Cognitive fusion mediated the relationships between imagery and paranoia, and imagery and anxiety. Conclusions Secure attachment imagery is effective in reducing paranoia and anxiety and operates via cognitive fusion. In clinical practice, these interventions should seek to facilitate the ability to ‘step back’ from compelling threat beliefs, in order to be most beneficial.

scholarly journals Vinasse in the diet of lactating sows and its effect on litter

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e48152
Author(s):  
Dandara Silva Barros ◽  
Jean kaique Valentim ◽  
Silvana Lúcia dos Santos Medeiros ◽  
Sandra Regina Faria ◽  
Isabelli Dias Brito Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Experimental Facility ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to verify the impact of adding vinasse as an acidifier in sows diet during the lactating period and its effect on litter. A total of 14 agroceres females were used from the first day of lactation until weaning. The vinasse was obtained in a mill near the experimental facility and was stored in sterilized barrels. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design into two treatments: control liquid diet and liquid diet with the inclusion of vinasse in each feed supply of the day. The diets were supplied four times a day, containing a mixture of ½ L of vinasse and ½ L of water. Feed leftovers were weighted daily. Feed intake was used to evaluate sows’ performance. The piglets were weighted every week after birth until weaning in order to obtain weight gain. Vinasse inclusion showed an increase (p < 0.05) in feed intake of lactating sows, improving diet palatability. Inclusion of acidifier in the diet did not show (p > 0.05) difference in weight gain of piglets. Vinasse consumption by sows did not influence litter performance. The inclusion of vinasse in the diet of lactating sows is beneficial because increases feed consumption.

“Just don’t be creepy”: A phenomenological study of the experiences of men in massage therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Baskwill ◽  
Meredith Vanstone
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Patient Preferences ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Massage Therapy ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Clear Communication ◽  
Predominantly Female ◽  
Societal Expectations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundSocietal expectations around traditional binary gender roles result in some professions being considered “men’s work” or “women’s work”. Massage therapy (MT) is one such profession that, despite being predominantly female, is joined by an increasing number of men with a desire to help others.MethodsThis descriptive phenomenological study asked male massage therapists in Ontario, Canada, about their experience of gender in their professional lives. Fourteen men shared their experiences of practice, which included discriminatory hiring and patient preferences for female practitioners. These issues resulted in difficulty establishing a clinical practice. To create a successful practice, men described the need for professionalism, clear communication, and a comfortable treatment environment.Results and conclusionsResearchers should explore the impact of discrimination on men in MT, patient preferences based on the therapist’s gender, and the role of education in perpetuating societal heterosexual norms. Finally, as with any shift in culture, all levels of organization must take action to remove discrimination and bias within the profession of MT.

scholarly journals Basic Income, Wages, and Productivity: A Laboratory Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veera Amanda Jokipalo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Gift Exchange ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Unemployment Benefit ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper reports the results of an economic lab experiment designed to test the impact of Basic Income (BI) on wages and productivity. The experimental design is based on the classic gift exchange game. Participants assigned the role of employer were tasked with making wage offers, and those assigned as employees chose how hard they would work in return. In addition to a control without any social security net, BI was compared to unemployment benefits, and both types of cash transfers were tested at two levels. The results are that wage offers were increased in both the BI and unemployment benefit treatments compared to the control. The higher-level BI treatment also significantly increased effort. Further experimentation could shed more light on how the potential extra value created in the labor market through increased productivity would be divided between employers and employees.

THE ROLE OF EXPOSURE CONDITION IN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXPLICIT CORRECTION

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yucel Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposure Condition ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Group Assignment ◽  
Communication Games ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
And Control

This article reports on a study that investigated the effects of two feedback exposure conditions on the acquisition of two Turkish morphemes. The study followed a randomized experimental design with an immediate and a delayed posttest. Forty-two Chinese-speaking learners of Turkish were randomly assigned to one of three groups: receivers, nonreceivers, and control. All learners performed three communication games with a Turkish native speaker in which their errors on the Turkish plural and locative morphemes were treated according to their group assignment. The receivers’ errors were corrected through explicit correction. The nonreceivers were allowed to hear the feedback provided to the receivers; however, they did not receive feedback on their own errors. The learners in the control group neither received feedback on their own errors nor were allowed to hear the feedback other learners received. Results indicated that feedback exposure condition has an effect on the extent to which learners benefit from feedback but that this effect may be moderated by linguistic structure.

scholarly journals Thermal requirements of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) lines in Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) eggs

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Cristiane Ramos Coutinho ◽  
Suyanne Araújo de Souza ◽  
Antônia Débora Dos Santos Pontes ◽  
Mauricio Sekiguchi de Godoy ◽  
Fabricio Fagundes Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of temperature on the development of two lines of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), to determine the thermal requirements of this parasitoid wasp on Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) eggs. The experiment was carried out with two lines (“Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba”, Ceará State) of T. pretiosum collected naturally parasitizing eggs of N. elegantalis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits. In this experiment, 40 eggs of the host N. elegantalis and 4 females of the parasitoids were used, with exposure to parasitism for 24 hours at 25 ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 70 ± 10 %, and 12-h photophase. At the end of this period, females were removed and the tubes were transferred to incubators (RH = 70 ± 10 %; 12-h photophase), exposed to 15, 20, 25, 30, or 35 °C, until emergence of the following generation of the parasitoids. The percentage of emergence, sex ratio, the number of parasitoids that emerged per egg, and cycle duration were assessed. The experiments were set up in a completely randomized experimental design with 5 treatments (temperatures) and 12 replicates. ANOVA was conducted and the means were compared by Tukey test (P < 0.05). The base temperatures were 10.77 °C and 10.86 °C and the number of generations per year were 33.29 and 35.63 for “Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba”, respectively. The study showed that temperature changed the biological parameters, and cycle duration of the “Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba” lines decreased as temperature increased.

Medical Malpractice

2017 ◽  
pp. 119-147
Author(s):  
Ronen Avraham ◽  
Max M. Schanzenbach
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Healthcare Outcomes ◽  
Malpractice Liability ◽  
The Impact

This chapter assesses theory and evidence on the efficacy of medical malpractice liability and limitations to it in improving healthcare outcomes, and identifies unresolved issues that merit further attention from scholars. First, it explores the theoretical and legal background on medical malpractice. It then turns to the available evidence by focusing on three basic areas of study: the impact of malpractice limitations on payouts and litigation, the effect of malpractice limitations on overall healthcare costs, and the effect of malpractice on two major cost drivers in the healthcare system: cardiac and obstetrics practice. It argues that limitations on liability did not and likely cannot significantly reduce healthcare costs. Finally, the chapter discusses new and important trends in the literature regarding reforms to standards of care and the role of clinical practice guidelines and communication and disclosure programs.

The impact of online reviews on destination trust and travel intention: The moderating role of online review trustworthiness

2021 ◽  
pp. 135676672110632
Author(s):  
Lujun Su ◽  
Qingyue Yang ◽  
Scott R Swanson ◽  
Ning Chris Chen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Online Review ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

This study explores the impact of the valence (positive/negative) and emotional intensity (strong/weak) of online reviews on potential Chinese visitors’ travel intentions and trust of a destination. An experimental design was used to test the hypotheses. Findings suggest that online review valence and emotional intensity affect travel intentions and that destination trust can partially mediate this relationship. Changes in destination trust and travel intention due to positive/negative review emotional intensity changes are not equivalent. Furthermore, online review trustworthiness moderates the valence and destination trust and travel intention relationships, but not the effect of review emotional intensity on the same outcomes.

The Role of Educational Podcast Use Among Otolaryngology Residents

2022 ◽  
pp. 000348942110729
Author(s):  
Erik B. Vanstrum ◽  
Ido Badash ◽  
Franklin M. Wu ◽  
Harrison J. Ma ◽  
Deepika N. Sarode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Resident Education ◽  
Asynchronous Learning ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Post Graduate ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Medical podcasts are becoming increasingly available; however, it is unclear how these new resources are being used by trainees or whether they influence clinical practice. This study explores the preferences and experiences of otolaryngology residents with otolaryngology-specific podcasts, and the impact of these podcasts on resident education and clinical practice. Methods: An 18-question survey was distributed anonymously to a representative junior (up to post-graduate year 3) and senior (post-graduate year 4 or greater) otolaryngology residents at most programs across the US. Along with demographic information, the survey was designed to explore the preferences of educational materials, podcast listening habits and motivations, and influence of podcasts on medical practice. Descriptive statistics and student t-tests were used to analyze the results. Results: The survey was distributed to 198 current otolaryngology residents representing 94% of eligible residency programs and was completed by 73 residents (37% response rate). Nearly 3-quarters of respondents reported previous use of otolaryngology podcasts, among which 83% listen at least monthly. Over half of residents changed their overall clinical (53%) and consult (51%) practice based on podcast use. Residents rank-ordered listening to podcasts last among traditional options for asynchronous learning, including reading textbooks and watching online videos. Conclusions: While other asynchronous learning tools remain popular, most residents responding to this survey use podcasts and report that podcasts influence their clinical practice. This study reveals how podcasts are currently used as a supplement to formal otolaryngology education. Results from the survey may inform how medical podcasts could be implemented into resident education in the future.

Public Opinion on the Harshness of Local Courts

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon K. Applegate ◽  
Joseph B. Sanborn
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Question Wording ◽  
National Opinion Research ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Local Courts ◽  
Question Form ◽  
The Impact

Drawing on framing theory, the present study tests the impact of question wording on people’s reported opinions about the harshness of their local courts. A randomized experimental design tested two salient variations against the standard wording used in the National Opinion Research Center’s General Social Survey (GSS). The results indicated statistically significant differences, with fewer respondents expressing a desire for greater harshness with the alternative forms than the standard question form. Four of the five correlates that the authors examined also showed differential relationships with punitiveness among the question forms. These findings suggest that scholars should carefully consider the meaning of people’s responses when interpreting the GSS question as an indicator of public punitiveness.

scholarly journals Impact of temperature and photoperiod on survival and biomarkers of senescence in common woodlouse

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Depeux ◽  
Ascel Samba-Louaka ◽  
Christine Braquart-Varnier ◽  
Jérôme Moreau ◽  
Jean-François Lemaître ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Galactosidase Activity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMost living organisms display a decline in physiological performances when ageing, a process called senescence that is most often associated with increased mortality risk. Previous researches have shown that both the timing and the intensity of senescence vary a lot within and among species, but the role of environmental factors in this variation is still poorly understood. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated the impact of environmental conditions on the strength of senescence using an experimental design applied to a population of common woodlouse Armadillidium vulgare intensively monitored in the lab. Cellular senescence biomarkers are available in woodlouse and are age-related. These biomarkers provide relevant biomarkers to test the impact of environmental conditions, through changes in temperature and photoperiod, on individuals of the same age maintained in different environmental conditions. We found different effects of the environmental changing: the increasing of day light modification leaded the same effect as age on our senescence biomarkers while temperature modifications leaded the opposite effect as age on the β-galactosidase activity and cell size. We also demonstrated the existence of sex-specific responses to changes in environmental conditions. By using an experimental approach and biomarkers of senescence in woodlouse, we show that environmental conditions and sex both shape the diversity observed in senescence patterns of woodlouse and underline the importance of identifying senescence biomarkers to understand how environmental conditions influence the evolution of senescence.

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