Vinasse in the diet of lactating sows and its effect on litter

The aim of this study was to verify the impact of adding vinasse as an acidifier in sows diet during the lactating period and its effect on litter. A total of 14 agroceres females were used from the first day of lactation until weaning. The vinasse was obtained in a mill near the experimental facility and was stored in sterilized barrels. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design into two treatments: control liquid diet and liquid diet with the inclusion of vinasse in each feed supply of the day. The diets were supplied four times a day, containing a mixture of ½ L of vinasse and ½ L of water. Feed leftovers were weighted daily. Feed intake was used to evaluate sows’ performance. The piglets were weighted every week after birth until weaning in order to obtain weight gain. Vinasse inclusion showed an increase (p < 0.05) in feed intake of lactating sows, improving diet palatability. Inclusion of acidifier in the diet did not show (p > 0.05) difference in weight gain of piglets. Vinasse consumption by sows did not influence litter performance. The inclusion of vinasse in the diet of lactating sows is beneficial because increases feed consumption.

Download Full-text

PERTAMBAHAN BERAT BADAN, JUMLAH KONSUMSI DAN EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN PAKAN BABI FASE GROWER SAMPAI FINISHER YANG DIBERI GULA AREN (Arenga pinnata Merr) DALAM AIR MINUM

ZOOTEC ◽

10.35792/zot.37.1.2017.14213 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Wenny R Poluan ◽

Petrus R.R.I Montong ◽

Jantje F Paath ◽

Vonny R.W Rawung

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Good Growth ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Palm Sugar ◽

Four Levels

Weight gain, feed consumption and the efficiency of growing pigs to slaughter with palm sugar in drinking water. The production performances by looking at weight gain, consumption and feed efficiency is part of the requirements to see pig production capabilities. The study lasted 10 weeks consisting of 8-week data collection period and 2 weeks of data collecting preliminary aims to determine the effect of the use of palm sugar in the drinking water to the performances of grower to finisher productivities of pigs. The study used 16 mix male and female pigs period grower 12-14 week-old offspring of type cross-bred Yorkshire and Landrace. The experimental design used in this research was Block Randomized Experimental Design with four levels of treatment as follows 0, 2%, 4%, 6% palm sugar in drinking water in four different weight groups as replication. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the use of palm sugar in drinking water on weight gain (0,57- 0,65 kg) significantly effect (P <0.05), while the amount of consumption (2,56- 2,64 kg) and feed efficiency (0,22-0,25) were not significantly different (P> 0.05), however the amount of water consumption drink (6,57-8,91 litre) indicates the effect of significantly (P <0.05). The use of palm sugar in drinking water in pigs grower phase until finisher can deliver good growth despite the amount of consumption and the efficiency of feed use remains the same. Key words ; Grower, finisher, palm sugar

Download Full-text

Mixture of formic and propionic acid as additives in broiler feeds

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162004000400004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 371-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Marcos Martinez do Vale ◽

José Fernando Machado Menten ◽

Sônia Cristina Daróz de Morais ◽

Mônica Maria de Almeida Brainer

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Oil Body ◽

Quadratic Effect ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Randomized Experimental Design

The presence of Salmonella species in feeds and ingredients is an important source of salmonella contamination for animals. Organic acid mixtures have shown to be an effective alternative to eliminate salmonellas in feeds and chickens. In the present study, the performance of male broiler chickens receiving levels (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0%) of a mixture of organic acids (OAs) (70% formic acid and 30% propionic acid) in the diet was evaluated from the age one to 42 days, in a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and five replications of 40 birds each. Diets were based on corn, soybean meal and soybean oil. Body weight, weight gain and feed intake from the age one to 21 days were affected by the treatments; 2% OAs in the diet reduced body weight and weight gain. Feed intake increased with concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5% and was reduced with 2% of OAs. From the age one to 42 days, only feed intake was affected, showing a quadratic effect, increasing at the levels of 0.25 and 0.5% and decreasing at 2% of OAs. The mixture of OAs at doses which are effective for the control of salmonella did not affect chicken performance, and the inclusion of 1% OAs in the diet resulted in a performance similar to that of untreated birds.

Download Full-text

Use of okara (aqueous extract residue) in the diet of starter broilers

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2015-0064 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 416-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Diaz-Vargas ◽

A.E. Murakami ◽

I.C. Ospina-Rojas ◽

L.H. Zanetti ◽

M.M. Puzotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Inclusion Level

Two experiments were carried out to determine the chemical composition of okara and to evaluate the performance and carcass yield of broilers fed diets containing increasing levels of okara. In experiment 1, a total of 72 21-d-old Cobb male broilers were distributed in an entirely randomized experimental design consisting of three treatments and four replicates of six birds each. The energy in okara was 2972 kcal of AME kg−1, with an apparent metabolizable energy (AME) coefficient of 60.72 (% dry matter). In experiment 2, a total of 840 male Cobb male chicks were distributed in an entirely randomized experimental design consisting of six treatments (0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10% okara inclusion) and six replicates of 28 birds each. The inclusion of increasing levels of okara from 1 to 21 d of age linearly reduced (P < 0.05) weight gain and feed intake, without affecting (P > 0.05) feed conversion, carcass, breast, drumstick, and thigh yields at 42 d of age. Economic analysis indicated that a 10.0% inclusion level of okara in broiler diets during the starter phase produced the best economic results.

Download Full-text

Geo-Assessment of Chemical Composition and Nutritional Evaluation of Moringa oleifera Seeds in Nutrition of Broilers

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v6n4p119 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 119 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Annongu ◽

O. R. Karim ◽

A. A. Toye ◽

F. E. Sola-Ojo ◽

R. M. O. Kayode ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

The Body ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Seed Meal ◽

Mineral Matter ◽

Inclusion Level

Chemical composition of Moringa oleifera seeds obtained from the middle belt of Nigeria, Benue State, was determined and the seed was blended to form a seed meal. The Moringa oleifera Seed Meal, MOSM was included in diets at graded levels of 2.50, 5.00 and 7.50% and the dietary performance of the broiler chicks on the test diets was compared with that of a corn-soy reference diet. Results on the chemical/nutritional composition of MOSM showed that the full-fat seeds contained (%) on proximate basis, reasonable concentration of 90.38 dry matter, 25.37 crude protein, 14.16 crude fat, 4.03 mineral matter, 30.64 crude fiber, 25.80 soluble carbohydrate and 5.79 kcal/g gross energy. Analyses also gave appreciable quantities of the water and fat soluble vitamins, macro - and micro-minerals. Feeding chicks with the seed meal at graded levels in diets resulted in decrease in feed intake and body weight gain as the inclusion level increased in diets relative to the conventional diet (p < 0.05). Reduction in feed consumption could be attributed to the full-fat nature of the seed meal used which might have imparted extra-caloric effect in the test diets and slowed digestion and absorption as the analyzed nutrients content of diets. A higher ether extract value on Moringa based diets relative to the control diet was obtained. Phytochemical composition of Moringa namely phenols including tannins, saponins, phytate, cyanogenic glucoside, glucosinolates and other numerous chemical constituents affected the body weight of the chicks negatively with increasing dietary MOSM. Decrease in weight gain following increase in dietary seed meal could also be due to decrease in feed intake as a result of the bitter taste of alkaloids, saponins, acting in concert with the other Moringa phytotoxins in test diets. Survival rate (100%) was not affected indicating that the level of highest inclusion in this study (7.50%) was not fatal to the experimental animal models. Further research is progressing to ascertain the highest inclusion level possible to elicit fatality and attempts to detoxify or treat the seed meal before feeding to animals.

Download Full-text

Effects of edible fats and oils on the body weight gain and on weights of some selected organs in rats removing the impact of unequal feed intake

Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1326 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 107-110

Author(s):

N Ahmad ◽

S Majumder ◽

MA Miah ◽

MJ Uddin

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Fats And Oils ◽

Male Rats ◽

Edible Fats ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

The Impact

An investigation on Long Evans male rats fed with different edible fats and oils was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during a period of 7 weeks (1st April to 19th May, 2005) to determine and to compare the effect of feeds on body weight gain and on weights of some selected organs (heart, liver and kidney) removing the impact of unequal feed intake. A total of 20, six-week old male rats were randomly divided into A, B, C and D groups. Each group consisted of 5 rats. Rats were fed rat pellets purchased from ICDDR,B, Dhaka supplemented with beef fat in group A, fish fat in group B and soybean oil in group C while group D was considered as control and fed only with rat pellets. The concentration of fats and oils were 7% of normal diet and fed for 7 weeks. The highest weekly mean body weight gain (19.90g) adjusted for unequal feed intake was achieved by the rats of beef fat supplemented group A, followed by the rats of soybean oil supplemented group C (19.76g) and fish fat supplemented group B (15.67g). But none of the adjusted means of weekly body weight gain differed significantly (p > 0.05) from the control. Insignificant increases in heart weight were recorded in all treated rats and the maximum weight was in fish oil treated ones. Not much differences were recorded in the kidney weights rather beef oil treated rats' kidney had the lowest mean weight. A significantly (p < 0.01) higher liver weight was recorded in group B & C compared to control (group D), though the differences between A & D were insignificant. It could be concluded that fats and oils are harmful for the rat's body especially on liver and heart. Key words: Edible fats and oils, rat, body weight, organ weight, analysis of variance, covariance DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1326 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 107-110

Download Full-text

The oral administration of meat and bone meal-derived protein fractions improved the performance of young broiler chicks

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an12209 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 369 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

W. I. Muir ◽

G. W. Lynch ◽

P. Williamson ◽

A. J. Cowieson

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Protein Fraction ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Spectrometric Analysis ◽

Broiler Chick ◽

Meat And Bone Meal ◽

Bone Meal ◽

The Impact

A study was designed to assess the impact of water-soluble proteins and peptides extracted from meat and bone meal (MBM) on broiler chick performance, following their oral delivery during the early post-hatch period. Proteinaceous material was fractionated by size exclusion filtration into weight ranges of <3 kDa (Fraction 1; 0.5 mg protein/mL), 3–100 kDa (Fraction 2; 0.5 mg protein/mL) and >100 kDa (Fraction 3; 0.8 mg protein/mL), which formed the three protein fraction treatments. A total of 1 mL of each of the respective preparations was delivered orally via gavage over 4 days (0.25 µL each day) to Cobb broiler hatchlings. Three control groups: control–unhandled, control–phosphate-buffered saline and control–handled were also included. Chicks were grown to 30 days of age. Feed intake, chick weight gain and feed conversion ratio were determined from day old through to 29 days of age. On Days 10, 16, 23 and 30, the weight of the breast and the small intestine was determined from 10 birds/treatment. For all parameters measured there was no interaction between experimental week and protein fraction treatment. Chicks receiving Fraction 2 had a statistically significant increase in feed intake and weight gain (P = 0.012) compared with the control–unhandled chicks. Chicks receiving Fraction 2 also demonstrated a numerically higher final bodyweight. Mass spectrometric analysis of all three fractions revealed that they each contained a wide array of proteinacious material. The results of this study suggests the likelihood that protein or protein-derived fragment components within the 3–100 kDa molecular weight range of MBM can generate improvements in broiler chick production, and thus promote the need for further research to identify the specific protein(s) responsible for the observed positive growth effects.

Download Full-text

The effect of stevia as a feed sweetener on weight gain and feed consumption of broiler chickens

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas96-040 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 267-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. J. Wood ◽

A. Lirette ◽

D. C. Crober ◽

H. Y. Ju

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Key Words ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Male Chicken

One thousand day-old male chicken broilers housed in 16 floor pens to 42 d of age were used to study the effect of stevia on weight gain and feed consumption. The experimental design was a randomized complete block consisting of four diets (0%, 0.0085%, 0.0425% and 0.085% stevia) each replicated four times. Stevia did not appear to improve feed consumption or weight gain of broilers when used as a feed additive at the concentrations tested in this study. Key words: Broilers, stevia, feed additive, growth performance

Download Full-text

Thermal requirements of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) lines in Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) eggs

Revista Colombiana de Entomología ◽

10.25100/socolen.v47i1.8548 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 2-6

Author(s):

Cristiane Ramos Coutinho ◽

Suyanne Araújo de Souza ◽

Antônia Débora Dos Santos Pontes ◽

Mauricio Sekiguchi de Godoy ◽

Fabricio Fagundes Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Parasitoid Wasp ◽

Cycle Duration ◽

Biological Parameters ◽

Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽

Thermal Requirements ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Set Up ◽

The Impact

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of temperature on the development of two lines of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), to determine the thermal requirements of this parasitoid wasp on Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) eggs. The experiment was carried out with two lines (“Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba”, Ceará State) of T. pretiosum collected naturally parasitizing eggs of N. elegantalis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits. In this experiment, 40 eggs of the host N. elegantalis and 4 females of the parasitoids were used, with exposure to parasitism for 24 hours at 25 ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 70 ± 10 %, and 12-h photophase. At the end of this period, females were removed and the tubes were transferred to incubators (RH = 70 ± 10 %; 12-h photophase), exposed to 15, 20, 25, 30, or 35 °C, until emergence of the following generation of the parasitoids. The percentage of emergence, sex ratio, the number of parasitoids that emerged per egg, and cycle duration were assessed. The experiments were set up in a completely randomized experimental design with 5 treatments (temperatures) and 12 replicates. ANOVA was conducted and the means were compared by Tukey test (P < 0.05). The base temperatures were 10.77 °C and 10.86 °C and the number of generations per year were 33.29 and 35.63 for “Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba”, respectively. The study showed that temperature changed the biological parameters, and cycle duration of the “Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba” lines decreased as temperature increased.

Download Full-text

Performance Characteristics and Nutrient Utilization by Meat Type Chicken Fed Fusarium oxysporum Degraded Brewer Dried Grain

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i1230324 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 198-204

Author(s):

T. E. Lawal ◽

F. A. Aderemi ◽

O. M. Alabi ◽

O. A. Oguntunji ◽

M. O. Ayoola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Crude Fibre

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Fusarium oxysporum degraded Brewer dried grain (BDG) on the performance and nutrient utilization ofbroiler chicken at starter and finisher phases. Undegraded and degraded (BDG) werewas used to compound rations for broiler birds for 8 weeks. The undegraded BDG was used at 7% inclusion level and the degraded BDG was used at 3, 5, and 7%. A total of 150 day old chicks were randomly selected and allocated for 5 treatments. Thirty 30 birds were allocated to each treatment with three replicates each. Fusarium oxysporum was inoculated into BDG through Solid State Fermentation for a period of 7 days. This was used as degraded sample. There was improvement in the crude protein, ash, and gross energy after biodegradation. Biodegradation led to reduction in crude fibre, cellulose, hemicellulose, and detergent fibre content. At starter phase, there were significant (P<0.05) (P=0.05) differences in feed consumption and body weight gain and the highest feed consumption (FC) and body weight gain (BWG) were found in treatment 5, which contained 7% degraded BDG (DBDG) and the FC and BWG they were 88.93 and 41.07g/bird/day, respectively. At the finisher phase, there were significant (P=0.05) differences in both the average feed intake and the average body weight gain by the birds. The highest feed intake was found in treatment 5 (140 g/b/d) and the highest body weight gain was also observed in treatment 5 (78.21g/b/d). Significant differences (P=0.05) were also observed for the feed conversion ratio at the finisher phase. The best value (1.64) was recorded at the control treatment and this was followed by the value recorded for treatment 5 (1.79). The relative cost benefits revealed that it is profitable to feed broilers with F. oxysporum degraded BDG. The results showed that F. oxysporum was able to enhance the feeding value of BDG and this impacted positively on the feed consumption and body weight gain by the birds.

Download Full-text

The impact of raw and cooked wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor) on the performance of broiler chicks

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1201119o ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 119-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P.N. Onu ◽

F.N. Madubuike

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Randomized Design ◽

The Impact

This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of raw and cooked wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor) on the performance of broiler chicks. Wild cocoyam corms were divided into two batches. One batch was ground raw and the other batch was cooked before grinding. Wild cocoyam meals so prepared were used to formulate 5 broiler starter diets at dietary inclusion levels of 0, 10 and 20% raw and cooked wild cocoyam respectively. 180 7-day-old Anak broiler chicks were randomly allotted to the five treatment diets in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and each group was further subdivided into three replicates of 12 birds. Measurements recorded included weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios and economics of production. Results shows significant (p<0.05) improvement in feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and PER of birds fed cooked wild cocoyam meals. Marked (p<0.05) reduction was however, obtained in feed intake and feed conversion ratio of birds fed raw wild cocoyam diets. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference between birds fed maize-based (control) and cooked wild cocoyam diets. Results of this experiment indicated that cooking improved the nutritive value of wild cocoyam since birds fed cooked wild cocoyam diets produced best results than those fed raw wild cocoyam meal and that starter broilers could tolerate up to 20% dietary inclusion level of cooked wild cocoyam without any deleterious effect. Economics of production showed that cooked wild cocoyam diets were more profitable as regards the cost of feed per kg weight gain (N) and thus cost savings (%).

Download Full-text