scholarly journals Thermal requirements of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) lines in Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) eggs

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Cristiane Ramos Coutinho ◽  
Suyanne Araújo de Souza ◽  
Antônia Débora Dos Santos Pontes ◽  
Mauricio Sekiguchi de Godoy ◽  
Fabricio Fagundes Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of temperature on the development of two lines of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), to determine the thermal requirements of this parasitoid wasp on Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) eggs. The experiment was carried out with two lines (“Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba”, Ceará State) of T. pretiosum collected naturally parasitizing eggs of N. elegantalis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits. In this experiment, 40 eggs of the host N. elegantalis and 4 females of the parasitoids were used, with exposure to parasitism for 24 hours at 25 ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 70 ± 10 %, and 12-h photophase. At the end of this period, females were removed and the tubes were transferred to incubators (RH = 70 ± 10 %; 12-h photophase), exposed to 15, 20, 25, 30, or 35 °C, until emergence of the following generation of the parasitoids. The percentage of emergence, sex ratio, the number of parasitoids that emerged per egg, and cycle duration were assessed. The experiments were set up in a completely randomized experimental design with 5 treatments (temperatures) and 12 replicates. ANOVA was conducted and the means were compared by Tukey test (P < 0.05). The base temperatures were 10.77 °C and 10.86 °C and the number of generations per year were 33.29 and 35.63 for “Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba”, respectively. The study showed that temperature changed the biological parameters, and cycle duration of the “Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba” lines decreased as temperature increased.

scholarly journals Vinasse in the diet of lactating sows and its effect on litter

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e48152
Author(s):  
Dandara Silva Barros ◽  
Jean kaique Valentim ◽  
Silvana Lúcia dos Santos Medeiros ◽  
Sandra Regina Faria ◽  
Isabelli Dias Brito Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Experimental Facility ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to verify the impact of adding vinasse as an acidifier in sows diet during the lactating period and its effect on litter. A total of 14 agroceres females were used from the first day of lactation until weaning. The vinasse was obtained in a mill near the experimental facility and was stored in sterilized barrels. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design into two treatments: control liquid diet and liquid diet with the inclusion of vinasse in each feed supply of the day. The diets were supplied four times a day, containing a mixture of ½ L of vinasse and ½ L of water. Feed leftovers were weighted daily. Feed intake was used to evaluate sows’ performance. The piglets were weighted every week after birth until weaning in order to obtain weight gain. Vinasse inclusion showed an increase (p < 0.05) in feed intake of lactating sows, improving diet palatability. Inclusion of acidifier in the diet did not show (p > 0.05) difference in weight gain of piglets. Vinasse consumption by sows did not influence litter performance. The inclusion of vinasse in the diet of lactating sows is beneficial because increases feed consumption.

Public Opinion on the Harshness of Local Courts

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon K. Applegate ◽  
Joseph B. Sanborn
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Question Wording ◽  
National Opinion Research ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Local Courts ◽  
Question Form ◽  
The Impact

Drawing on framing theory, the present study tests the impact of question wording on people’s reported opinions about the harshness of their local courts. A randomized experimental design tested two salient variations against the standard wording used in the National Opinion Research Center’s General Social Survey (GSS). The results indicated statistically significant differences, with fewer respondents expressing a desire for greater harshness with the alternative forms than the standard question form. Four of the five correlates that the authors examined also showed differential relationships with punitiveness among the question forms. These findings suggest that scholars should carefully consider the meaning of people’s responses when interpreting the GSS question as an indicator of public punitiveness.

scholarly journals Leaching potential of S-metolachlor in a medium-textured Oxisol soil with bioindicator plants

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Ana P. da Silva ◽  
Ricardo F. Marques ◽  
Antônio C. da Silva Junior ◽  
Sidnei R. de Marchi ◽  
Dagoberto Martins
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Bioindicator Species ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rainfall Level

ABSTRACT Information about the impact of herbicides in the soil based on the growth of bioindicator species is extremely useful in developing crop management strategies. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the leaching potential of the herbicide S-metolachlor under different natural precipitations in medium-textured Oxisol using bioindicator plants. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted, with four replicates and treatments arranged in a 3 × 8 factorial scheme [three indexes of precipitation occurred in the environment before the collection of the samples (50, 91, and 131 mm) and eight depths in the soil profile (0-0.03; 0.03-0.06; 0.06-0.09; 0.09-0.12; 0.12-0.15; 0.15-0.20; 0.20-0.25; 0.25-0.30 m)]. PVC columns were used, maintaining the original soil integrity during sampling after accumulating the stipulated natural precipitation. Longitudinal sections separated the columns to sow the bioindicator species (cucumber, lettuce, Alexander grass, and sorghum). The phytotoxicity symptoms of bioindicator plants were evaluated, adopting a phytotoxicity visual scale between 0 and 100%, at 5, 7, 9, and 11 days after seeding. The responses of the bioindicator species to the residual effect of the herbicide S-metolachlor were variable and depended on the rainfall level. Generally, in a medium-textured Oxisol, the higher values of concentration of S-metolachlor occurs in depths ranging between 0 and 0.06 m. The maximum leaching depth detected was 0.12-0.15 m with 131 mm of precipitation. Cucumber was the most sensitive species to the presence of S-metolachlor in an Oxisol of medium-texture since it presents symptoms of phytotoxicity at higher depths.

scholarly journals A Europe-Wide Experiment for Assessing the Impact of Genotype-Environment Interactions on the Vitality and Performance of Honey Bee Colonies: Experimental Design and Trait Evaluation

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Costa ◽  
Ralph Büchler ◽  
Stefan Berg ◽  
Malgorzata Bienkowska ◽  
Maria Bouga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Colony Losses ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bee Colonies

A Europe-Wide Experiment for Assessing the Impact of Genotype-Environment Interactions on the Vitality and Performance of Honey Bee Colonies: Experimental Design and Trait EvaluationAn international experiment to estimate the importance of genotype-environment interactions on vitality and performance of honey bees and on colony losses was run between July 2009 and March 2012. Altogether 621 bee colonies, involving 16 different genetic origins of European honey bees, were tested in 21 locations spread in 11 countries. The genetic strains belonged to the subspeciesA. m. carnica, A. m. ligustica, A. m. macedonica, A. m. mellifera, A. m. siciliana.At each location, the local strain of bees was tested together with at least two "foreign" origins, with a minimum starting number of 10 colonies per origin. The common test protocol for all the colonies took into account colony survival, bee population in spring, summer and autumn, honey production, pollen collection, swarming, gentleness, hygienic behaviour,Varroa destructorinfestation,Nosemaspp. infection and viruses. Data collection was performed according to uniform methods. No chemical treatments against Varroa or other diseases were applied during the experiment. This article describes the details of the experiment set-up and the work protocol.

scholarly journals Effect of ancient grains and grain-free carbohydrate sources on extrusion parameters and nutrient utilization by dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 3758-3767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Guazzelli Pezzali ◽  
Charles Gregory Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ancient grain and grain-free carbohydrate sources on extrusion process, nutrient utilization, and palatability by dogs. Two maintenance dog diets were formulated with same proportions of carbohydrates: 1) ancient grain diet (AG) with spelt, millet, and sorghum; and 2) grain-free diet (GF) which had potato, peas, and tapioca starch. Experimental diets were extruded over 5 replicates in a completely randomized experimental design. Digestibility was carried out with 12 dogs in a switch-back experimental design. The GF diet required 22.6 and 25.9% more (P < 0.05) specific mechanical energy and in-barrel moisture input, respectively, than AG to produce kibbles out of the extruder with similar bulk density (P > 0.05). After drying, GF kibbles were less dense and more expanded, but harder than AG kibbles (P < 0.05). Dogs preferred GF over AG in the palatability assessment of uncoated kibbles. Apparent nutrient digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy, crude protein, and crude fat were not affected by treatment (P > 0.05). However, total dietary fiber (TDF) digestibility was 31.9% greater for dogs fed GF (P < 0.05). Moreover, wet fecal output was higher, and fecal dry matter was lower for dogs under GF (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that GF and AG diets behaved differently during extrusion, but were similarly utilized by dogs, with exception of TDF. Thus, fiber content of grain-free diets should be monitored to maximize fecal quality.

Biological parameters and thermal requirements of Trichogramma pretiosum for the management of the tomato fruit borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in tomatoes

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynara Moura de Oliveira ◽  
José Vargas de Oliveira ◽  
Douglas Rafael e Silva Barbosa ◽  
Mariana Oliveira Breda ◽  
Solange Maria de França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Fruit Borer

scholarly journals Cognitive Fusion Mediates the Impact of Attachment Imagery on Paranoia and Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1150-1161
Author(s):  
Monica Sood ◽  
Katherine Newman-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Mechanisms Of Change ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Interpersonal Threat ◽  
Mental Events ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Paranoia, in both clinical and non-clinical groups, is characterised by unfounded interpersonal threat beliefs. Secure attachment imagery attenuates paranoia, but little is known about the mechanisms of change. Cognitive fusion describes the extent to which we can ‘step back’ from compelling beliefs, to observe these as mental events, and is implicated in psychopathology cross-diagnostically. Aims This study extends previous research demonstrating the impact of attachment imagery on paranoia and anxiety to determine whether cognitive fusion mediates these relationships. Method We utilised a randomized experimental design and recruited an analogue sample with high levels of non-clinical paranoia to test the impact of imagery and the role of cognitive fusion. Results Secure attachment imagery resulted in reduced paranoia and anxiety compared to threat/insecure imagery. Cognitive fusion mediated the relationships between imagery and paranoia, and imagery and anxiety. Conclusions Secure attachment imagery is effective in reducing paranoia and anxiety and operates via cognitive fusion. In clinical practice, these interventions should seek to facilitate the ability to ‘step back’ from compelling threat beliefs, in order to be most beneficial.

scholarly journals Biological parameters and thermal requirements of Trichogramma pretiosum reared on Helicoverpa armigera eggs

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 961-968
Author(s):  
Gabriel dos Santos Carvalho ◽  
Luciana Barboza Silva ◽  
Soislan Sousa Reis ◽  
Maisa Sousa Veras ◽  
Eliane Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Preimaginal Development ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
The Given

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the biological parameters and thermal requirements of Trichogramma pretiosum TM strain reared on Helicoverpa armigera eggs. A card containing 20 eggs of H. armigera was offered for each T. pretiosum female, at temperatures of 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30 and 32°C. All life stages of T. pretiosum were observed under the given temperature conditions. The optimum temperature for the parasitism of T. pretiosum was 25°C, and the highest longevity was found at the same temperature. The highest parasitoid emergence rates occurred at temperatures of 22, 25 and 28°C. The highest proportion of T. pretiosum individuals emerged per egg was observed at 18°C. Concerning the sex ratio, the highest proportion of females occurred at 28°C, and the highest percentage of parasitism viability was observed at this same temperature. The lowest thermal threshold for total preimaginal development and thermal requirements of T. pretiosum were 10.82°C and 134.55 degree-days, respectively. The estimated number of generations of T. pretiosum in the average temperatures of municipality of Bom Jesus, state of Piauí, Brazil is four per month.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI RAGI Saccharomyces cerevisiae DAN LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP KUALITAS CUKA TOMI-TOMI (Flacourtia inermis)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Sandra J Nendissa ◽  
Rachel Breemer ◽  
Nikholaus Melamas
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Four Levels

This objectives of this research were both to study and determine the best level of concentration of yeast Saccharomyces cereviseae and period of fermentation on the quality of tomi-tomi vinegar (Flacourtia inermis). A completely randomized experimental design with two factors of treatment was applied in this research. The first factor was concentration of yeast S. cereviseae having four levels of tretament, i.e.: without the addition of yeast 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g yeast. The second factor was period fermentation with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. The result indicated that the concentration of yeast S. cereviseae 1.5 g and period fermentation 5 week produced a good tomi-tomi vinegar with total acids 51.22%, total dissolved solids 8.35, total sugar 8.07% and pH 5.40.

MOTIF DAN DAMPAK PERNIKAHAN DINI DI INDARUNG NGALAU BATU GADANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Murisal Murisal
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Home Life ◽  
Family Household ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Husband And Wife

Motif and Impact of Early Marriage in Indarung Ngalau Batu Gadang.Penelitian is motivated by teenagers who married early on. Today, young men and women have a tendency to be less prepared to enter the home life, they are only ready to marry (ready here can be interpreted, maturity in terms of financial, understand what the meaning of marriage according to marriage law) is the bond of inner birth between a man and a woman as husband and wife for the purpose of forming a happy and eternal family (household) based on the Supreme Godhead while they are not ready to set up a home, whereas to build a household requires preparation both physically and spiritually . The purpose of this study to determine the motives underlying adolescents to make early marriage and the impact caused in the household as a result of the marriage.

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