Infrastructure threshold and economic growth in Africa: do income level and geography matter?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalu Ojah ◽  
Stella Muhanji ◽  
Odongo Kodongo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Level

scholarly journals The Role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Employment Generation and Economic Growth: A Study of Marble Industry in Emerging Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Lara Al-Haddad ◽  
Muhammad Safdar Sial ◽  
Imdad Ali ◽  
Rahmat Alam ◽  
Nguyen Vinh Khuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This study is undertaken to find out how SMEs contribute to the economy in terms of employment generation and its impact on the economic growth of the country. Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) is accepted globally as a tool for empowering the citizenry and economic growth. In Pakistan efforts have been made by successive governments to increase employment opportunities, reduce poverty and accelerate economic growth by increasing foreign direct investment, diversifying the economy, enacting policy frameworks which favor small business ownership and entrepreneurship programs. Specifically, this study tends to figure out: how SMEs contribute to employment generation, whether a significant number of people is employ within the SME sector; whether the SMEs increase the income level of people. The total number of employees was 255 being selected randomly from Swat marble industries. A questionnaire was constructed and distributed to the selected respondents. The responses were collected and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) analytical tool. The study exposes that SMEs play a vital role in employment generation. There is a positive relationship between SMEs and unemployment reduction. The result also shows that there is a positive relationship between SMEs and increase in income level. This study may be beneficial both for practitioners and academicians. For practitioners, the current study may help to devise policies and strategies concerning SMEs to generate employment opportunities. The current study may lead to the generalizability of existing research in the same field as for academic aspect is a concern.

scholarly journals Dissecting Economic Growth in Uruguay

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Che
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Growth Prospect ◽  
Structural Indicators

Uruguay experienced one of its biggest economic booms in history during 2004-2014. Since then, growth has come down significantly. The paper investigates the various causes of the boom and discusses the sustainability of these causes. It then compares Uruguay against high-growth countries that were once at a similar income level, across a broad set of structural indicators, to identify priority reform areas that could improve long-term growth prospect.

scholarly journals Struktur Nafkah Rumahtangga Petani Transmigran : Studi Sosio-Ekonomi di Tiga Kampung di Distrik Masni Kabupaten Manokwari

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina P. Tulak ◽  
Arya Hadi Dharmawan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
West Papua ◽  
The Government

Among the primary objectives of transmigration program are to increase the economic status of transmigrant farm-households and enhancing rural infrastructures of the local region. To see wether such objective is attainable, a study of transmigrant farm households has been conducted in West Papua. The study attempts: (1) to know whether there is any relation between the socio-cultural/ethnical background of the transmigrant farm-household with the achievement of welfare status, (2) to analyze factors influencing to the income level of transmigrant farm-households, and (3) to understand how the farm households enhance the degree of economic status by building numerous livelihood strategies. The methods as used in the analysis are: (1) income level analysis of the households, (2) gini-ratio analysis, and (3) descriptive analysis. The results of this study are: socio-cultural (ethnical) setting of transmigrant has a substantial influence to the achievement of welfare level. Javanese transmigrant showed a much higher income achievement due to their strong engagement in the non-farm economy, as compared to Papuanese transmigrant farm-households. The non-farm economy provides a strong basis for economic growth at household level. However, the growth of non-farm economy unexpectedly caused an increasing tendency of income disparity among different farm household strata. Since non-farm economy shares a positive contribution for regional economic growth, the study concludes, that the government needs to take seriously this economic sector into account when regional development needs to be well-accomplished in West Papua.

scholarly journals The Effects of Research and Development (R&D) Investments on Sustainable Economic Growth: Evidence from OECD Countries (1996-2015)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şekip Yazgan ◽  
Ömer Yalçinkaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Average Factor ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
D Investment

AbstractThis study is devoted to the empirical analysis by second generation panel data analysis of the effects of the R&D investment variables in different qualifications in OECD countries grouped as OECD-20 and OECD-9 based on the income levels of the economic growth for the period of 1996-2015. Within this context, the purpose of this study is to evaluate whether or not the economic growth performances of OECD-20 and OECD-9 countries have a sustainable structure that endogenizes the technological advancements and occurs by the increments in average factor productivity. At the end of the paper it is determined that all the R&D variables in different qualifications of the OECD-20 group have a higher income level in sample period and have positive and statistically significant effects on the economic growth. On the other hand, only the private sector, universities and the total R&D investments have positive and statistically significant effects on the economic growth of the OECD-9 group which has comparatively lower income level. However, it is specified that the size of the positive and statistically significant effects of the R&D investment variables in different qualifications is more than two times bigger in the OECD-20 group as opposed to the OECD-9 group. These results reveal that the economic performances of OECD-20 countries in the investigated period have a more substantial relation with the qualified and sustainable structure that endogenizes the technologic advancements and occurs by the increments in average factor productivity. All of this shows that the R&D investments also are substantially sufficient to change the long-term economic growth performances and income levels of the countries in OECD-20 and OECD-9 groups.

scholarly journals The Long-Run Relationship between External Government Debt and Economic Growth in Developing Countries with Upper Middle Income Level (Panel Co-integration Approach)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (40) ◽  
pp. 159-183
Author(s):  
Jafar Zhilaei aghdam ◽  
Ali Reza Daghighiasli ◽  
Marjan Daman Kashide ◽  
Ali Asmailpor Magari ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Integration Approach ◽  
Long Run

scholarly journals Poverty in Russian regions in 2000-2017: factors and dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Zubarevich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Poverty Indicators ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article considers the level and dynamics of the level of poverty in the regions of Russia for 2000-2017, shows the sustainability of regional differentiation, despite the changes in the distribution of regions by the level of poverty. Regions with different rates of poverty reduction in the period of economic growth and the factors that accelerated this process are allocated. The weak impact of the two recent crises on the dynamics of poverty in the regions with different dynamics of income is revealed. The influence of demographic (child burden) and income factors (income level and income inequality), the cost of living in regions and the level of urbanization on regional poverty indicators is considered. The change of influence of different factors of poverty in the early 2000s and in 2017 is shown. An analysis of changes in the regional picture of poverty in transition from absolute to relative criteria of its measurement is carried out.

scholarly journals Impact of National Competitiveness on Economic Growth and Income Level – Evidence From the Selected Post-Soviet Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Aziz Sodikov ◽  
Zuhriddin Rizaev ◽  
Lee Chin ◽  
Shahnoza Ochilova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Ict Adoption ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Macroeconomic Stability

This paper investigates the impact of national competitiveness on productivity, economic growth and income per capita in the selected post-Soviet countries between 2004 and 2018. In this paper, 2019 edition of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), which is composed of 12 pillars such as namely institutions, infrastructure, ICT adoption, macroeconomic stability, health, skills, product market, labour market, financial system, market size, business dynamism and innovation capability, is used as a proxy for the national competitiveness and productivity for the empirical analysis purposes. The findings reveal that: (1) the GCI is highly correlated with productivity level and the selected post-Soviet countries with higher level of national competitiveness had higher long-term economic growth and income per capita, (2) Russia and Kazakhstan more benefited from rising per capita income associated with enhanced national competitiveness (or productivity growth) compared to other selected former Soviet states, (3) among the GCI factors, ICT adoption, macroeconomic stability, market size and healthy life expectancy were major levers of productivity growth that influenced the national competitiveness, positively and significantly contributing to an increase in the income level in the selected post-Soviet countries in 2004-2018 period.

Does crude oil output aid economy boom or curse in Nigeria? An inference from “Dutch disease”

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Oludimu ◽  
Adewale Andrew Alola
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Dutch Disease ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crude Oil Production ◽  
The Impact

PurposeA reflection on some supposed oil exporting states constantly reminds of the (in) validity of the resource curse hypothesis and environmental consequences of oil exploration. In Africa, especially the case of Nigeria, the argument has remained whether the country's voluminous deposit of crude oil has positively affected the livelihood of the people. The study aims to examine the impact of oil production on the income level in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachIn this context, the study first examined validity of Dutch disease in Nigeria, thus providing a foundation to further establish the resource curse hypothesis. As such, the impact of crude oil production (CRUDE), square of crude oil production (CRUDESQ), crude oil reserves (RESERVES) and population (POP) on economic growth over the period of 1980–2018 is examined through the combination of autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), fully-modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and canonical cointegration regression (CCR) methods.FindingsWhile the study revealed the existence of Dutch disease in Nigeria, the resource curse hypothesis is also valid. However, the study found that the resource curse hypothesis in Nigeria can be over-turned when the CRUDE attains a certain maximum threshold, i.e. when crude oil output is doubled over time. In addition, either of crude RESERVES or oil rent (RENT) is seen as a limiting factor to economic growth while POP poses a positive and desirable impact on the country's economic development.Originality/valueThus, the implication of a U-shaped relationship between oil production and income level is that Nigeria's natural resources exploration could be employed to over-turn the potential of resource curse hypothesis by increasing exploration while the sources of leakages and misappropriation of the oil revenues are deliberately mitigated. Other useful socio-economic policies were proposed for the Government.

scholarly journals THE MARKET CONCEPT OF THE XXI CENTURY: A NEW APPROACH TO CONSUMER SEGMENTATION

2016 ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
M. I. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Central Place ◽  
New Approach ◽  
World Community ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Population Segment ◽  
Market Concept

World economic development in the 21st century keeps tendencies and contradictions of the previous century. Economic growth in a number of the countries and, as a result, growth of consumption adjoins to an aggravation of global problems of the present. It not only ecology and climatic changes that undoubtedly worth the attention of world community, but also the aggravation of social problems. Among the last the question of poverty takes the central place. Poverty is a universal problem, in solution of which take part local authorities, the international organizations, commercial and noncommercial structures. It is intolerable to ignore a catastrophic situation in fight against this problem. It is necessary to look for ways of resolving it not only by using the existing methods, but also developing new approaches. One of the most significant tendencies in the sphere of fight against poverty is the development of the commercial enterprises working in the population segment with a low income level which by means of the activity help millions of people worldwide to get out of poverty. In other words, attraction of the commercial capital by an economic justification of profitability and prospects of investments into the companies working in the population segment with a low income level can be one of the methods allowing to solve effectively a poverty problem. This approach includes this population in economic activity, makes them by full-fledged participants of the market, which benefits to the creation of potential for economic growth and is a key step to getting out of poverty.

scholarly journals Effects of Russia’s Economic Growth on Turkey’s Tourism Sector

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Şahin ◽  
Hasan Akça
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Far East ◽  
Income Level ◽  
High Income ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Inclusive System

The aim of this study is to analyse whether there is a relation between economic growth in Russia and Turkey’s tourism sector or not. Data (GDP in Russia and Russian tourists who prefer Turkey as tourist destination) cover the period 2001-2011. According to results of regression analysis, there is no effect of GDP increase in Russia on number of Russian tourists visiting Turkey. It can be said that most of the Russian tourists visiting Turkey have medium income level. They prefer Turkey due to cheap holiday opportunity (everything inclusive system), closer to Russia and qualitative service. Russian tourists having high income level travel to Far East Countries for holiday.

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