Variations in grain nitrogen removal associated with management practices in maize production

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Ma ◽  
K. D. Subedi ◽  
A. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Grain Nitrogen

scholarly journals Measuring N2O Emissions from Multiple Sources Using a Backward Lagrangian Stochastic Model

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1277
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hsien Lin ◽  
Richard H. Grant ◽  
Cliff T. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Emissions Modeling ◽  
Short Period

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soil are substantially influenced by nitrogen (N) and field management practices. While routinely soil chambers have been used to measure emissions from small plots, measuring field-scale emissions with micrometeorological methods has been limited. This study implemented a backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) technique to simultaneously and near-continuously measure N2O emissions from four adjacent fields of approximately 1 ha each. A scanning open-path Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (OP-FTIR), edge-of-field gas sampling and measurement, locally measured turbulence, and bLS emissions modeling were integrated to measure N2O emissions from four adjacent fields of maize production using different management in 2015. The maize N management treatments consisted of 220 kg NH3-N ha−1 applied either as one application in the fall after harvest or spring before planting or split between fall after harvest and spring before planting. The field preparation treatments evaluated were no-till (NT) and chisel plow (ChP). This study showed that the OP-FTIR plus bLS method had a minimum detection limit (MDL) of ±1.2 µg m−2 s−1 (3σ) for multi-source flux measurements. The average N2O emission of the four treatments ranged from 0.1 to 2.3 µg m−2 s−1 over the study period of 01 May to 11 June after the spring fertilizer application. The management of the full-N rate applied in the fall led to higher N2O emissions than the split-N rates applied in the fall and spring. Based on the same N application, the ChP practice tended to increase N2O emissions compared with NT. Advection of N2O from adjacent fields influenced the estimated emissions; uncertainty (1σ) in emissions was 0.5 ± 0.3 µg m−2 s−1 if the field of interest received a clean measured upwind background air, but increased to 1.1 ± 0.5 µg m−2 s−1 if all upwind sources were advecting N2O over the field of interest. Moreover, higher short-period emission rates (e.g., half-hour) were observed in this study by a factor of 1.5~7 than other micrometeorological studies measuring N2O-N loss from the N-fertilized cereal cropping system. This increment was attributed to the increase in N fertilizer input and soil temperature during the measurement. We concluded that this method could make near-continuous “simultaneous” flux comparisons between treatments, but further studies are needed to address the discrepancies in the presented values with other comparable N2O flux studies.

scholarly journals Identifying Ways to Narrow Maize Yield Gaps Based on Plant Density Experiments

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Man Wu ◽  
Keru Wang ◽  
Bo Ming ◽  
Xiao Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Stable Range ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Yield Gaps ◽  
Loss Range

Exploring the maximum grain yields (GYs) and GY gaps in maize (Zea mays L.) can be beneficial for farmer to identify the GY-limiting factors and take adaptive management practices for a higher GY. The objective of this work was to identify the optimum maize plant density range and the ways to narrow maize GY gaps based on the variation of the GYs, dry matter (DM) accumulation and remobilization with changes in plant density. Field experiments were performed at the 71 Group and Qitai Farm in Xinjiang, China. Two modern cultivars, ZhengDan958 and ZhongDan909, were planted at 12 densities, ranging from 1.5 to 18 plants m−2. With increased plant density, single plant DM decreased exponentially, whereas population-level DM at the pre- (DMBS) and post- (DMAS) silking stages increased, and the amount of DM remobilization (ARDM) increased exponentially. Further analysis showed that plants were divided four density ranges: range I (<6.97 plants m−2), in which no DM remobilization occurred, DMBS and DMAS correlated significantly with GY; range II (6.97–9.54 plants m−2), in which the correlations of DMBS, DMAS, and ARDM with GY were significant; range III (9.54–10.67 plants m−2), in which GY and DMAS were not affected by density, DMBS increased significantly, and only the correlation of DMAS with GY was significant; and range IV (>10.67 plants m−2), in which the correlations of DMBS and ARDM with GY decreased significantly, while that of DMAS increased significantly. Therefore, ranges I and II were considered to be DM-dependent ranges, and a higher GY could be obtained by increasing the population-level DMAS, DMAS, and ARDM. Range III was considered the GY-stable range, increasing population-level DMBS, as well as preventing the loss of harvest index were the best way to enhance maize production. Range IV was interpreted as the GY-loss range, and a higher GY could be obtained by preventing the loss of HI and population-level DMAS.

Relation Between Acid Proteinase Activity and Redistribution of Nitrogen During Grain Development in Wheat

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Dalling ◽  
G Boland ◽  
JH Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Proteinase Activity ◽  
Acid Proteinase ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Grain Nitrogen

Accumulation of grain nitrogen was studied in the wheat cultivars Argentine IX and Insignia. The pattern of nitrogen removal from several tissues of each cultivar was compared with the pattern of acid proteinase activity. There was a highly significant relation between the rate of nitrogen loss from the tissues and the rate estimated from the enzyme activity measurements. This suggests an important role for acid proteinase enzymes in leaf senescence. Redistribution of nitrogen present in the plant at anthesis accounted for 78.5 and 80.6 % of the final grain nitrogen yield of Argentine IX and Insignia respectively.

scholarly journals Do Water and Nitrogen Management Practices Impact Grain Quality in Maize?

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1851
Author(s):  
Adrian A. Correndo ◽  
Javier A. Fernandez ◽  
P.V. Vara Prasad ◽  
Ignacio A. Ciampitti
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Production Water ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Protein Change

Concomitantly pursuing superior maize (Zeamays L.) productivity with grain quality is essential for food security. Therefore, this study provides a meta-analysis of 21 studies assembled from the scientific literature to tackle the effect of the two most limiting factors for maize production, water and nitrogen (N), and their impacts on grain quality composition, herein focused on protein, oil, and starch concentrations. Water stress levels resulted in erratic responses both in direction and magnitude on all the grain quality components, plausibly linked to a different duration, timing, and intensity of water stress treatments. Nitrogen fertilization more consistently affected the grain protein concentration, with a larger effect size for protein as fertilizer N levels increased (protein change of +14% for low, ≤70 kg N ha−1; +21% for medium, >70–150 kg N ha−1; and +24% for high, >150 kg N ha−1). Both starch and oil grain concentrations presented less variation to fertilizer N levels. The positive protein–oil correlation (r = 0.49) permitted to infer that although the oil concentration may reach a plateau (8%), further increases in protein are still possible. Augmented research on grain quality is warranted to sustain food production but with both high nutritional and energetic value for the global demand.

Management Practices to Conserve Soil Nitrate in Maize Production Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1369-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Zhou ◽  
Angus F. MacKenzie ◽  
Chandra A. Madramootoo ◽  
J. Wambua Kaluli ◽  
Donald L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Maize Production

Assessing agricultural land suitability in the Fakkeh region, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Albaji ◽  
Abrahim Alboshokeh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Light Soil

Land suitability assessments can provide useful information to help optimize agricultural land use. Due to the current lack of appropriate land management practices in the Fakkeh region, southwest Iran, a land suitability evaluation study for key agricultural crops, including wheat, alfalfa, maize and barley, covering 43,700 ha was undertaken. Qualitative evaluation was carried out using two methods, the simple limitation and parametric methods (Storie and square root method), to compare land and climate characteristics with crop needs. The most important limiting factors in wheat, alfalfa and barley production included the physical properties of the soil, especially light soil texture. The major limiting factors in maize production were low relative humidity and high n/ N ratio during the plant growth period, light soil texture, soil salinity and alkalinity.

scholarly journals The Common Approaches of Nitrogen Removal in Bioretention System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2575
Author(s):  
Wafaa Ali ◽  
Husna Takaijudin ◽  
Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof ◽  
Manal Osman ◽  
Abdurrasheed Sa’id Abdurrasheed
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Stormwater Quality ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bioretention System ◽  
N Removal

Bioretention is considered one of the best management practices (BMPS) for managing stormwater quality and quantity. The bioretention system has proven good performance in removing total suspended solids, oil, and heavy metals. The nitrogen (N) removal efficiency of the bioretention system is insufficient, however, due to the complex forms of nitrogen. Therefore, this paper aims to review recent enhancement approaches to nitrogen (N) removal and to discuss the factors influencing bioretention efficiency. To improve bioretention efficiency, several factors should be considered when designing bioretention systems, including nitrogen concentration, climate factors, and hydrological factors. Further, soil and plant selection should be appropriate for environmental conditions. Three design improvement approaches have been reviewed. The first is the inclusion of a saturated zone (SZ), which has been used widely. The SZ is shown to have the best performance in nitrogen removal. The second approach (which is less popular) is the usage of additives in the form of a mixture with soil media or as a separated layer. This concept is intended to be applied in tropical regions with wet soil conditions and a short dry period. The third approach combines the previous two approaches (enhanced filter media and applying a SZ). This approach is more efficient and has recently attracted more attention. This study suggests that further studies on the third approach should be carried out. Applying amendment material through filter media and integrating it with SZ provides appropriate conditions to complete the nitrogen cycle. This approach is considered a promising method to enhance nitrogen removal. In general, the bioretention system offers a promising tool for improving stormwater quality.

scholarly journals Nitrogen management of wheat cultivars for higher productivity - A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harwinder Kaur ◽  
Hari Ram
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Standards Of Living

The increased population pressure has led to the maximum use of chemical fertilizers especially in the major crops such as rice, wheat and maize production. India has an ever growing population needing food and also the growing urban middle class with higher standards of living is on the lookout for better quality product. The introduction of improved seeds increases the utility of traditional inputs and their consumption as well. Because of genetic variation, BVC 223, Qingnong 8, IPA99, CT 01217, Luomai 8, Seher 06, Sistan, Punjab 2011, Rasco 2005, PBW 343, Halna, HP 1744, VL Gehun 892, WH 1022, PBW 621, and PBW 550 cultivars of wheat crop differ in growth and development behaviour and respond higher to different nitrogen management practices. However, ever increasing prices of Nitrogen (N) fertilizers and possibilities of environmental pollution and groundwater contamination warn for their judicious and efficient use. The application of essential plant nutrients particularly N nutrient in optimum quantity (120-150 kg/ha) and right proportion (3-4 splits) through correct methods and time of application (LCC and green seeker based) is the key to increased and sustained crop production. The increase in quality due to nitrogen fertilization (120-330 kg/ha) may be due to its role in activation of cells division, metabolic and photosynthesis process and nutritive status of wheat plant. Keeping in view above all facts in mind, performance of wheat cultivars as influenced by different nitrogen rates will be discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Long-term experiments on chernozem soil in the University of Debrecen

2018 ◽  
pp. 357-369
Author(s):  
Péter Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
The Impact

The impact of agrotechnical management practices (nutrient and water supply, crop rotation, crop protection, genotype) on the yields of winter wheat and maize and on the soil water and nutrient cycles was studied in long-term experiments set up in 1983 in Eastern Hungary on chernozem soil. The long-term experiments have shown that nitrogen fertilizer rates exceeding the N-optimum of winter wheat resulted in the accumulation of NO3-N in the soil. Winter wheat varieties can be classified into four groups based on their natural nutrient utilization and their fertilizer response. The fertilizer responses of wheat varieties depended on crop year (6.5–8.9 t ha-1 maximum yields in 2011–2015 years) and the genotypes (in 2012 the difference was ~3 t ha-1 among varieties). The optimum N(+PK) doses varied between 30–150 kg ha-1 in different crop years. In maize production fertilization, irrigation and crop rotation have decision role on the yields. The efficiency of fertilization modified by cropyear (in dry 891–1315 kg ha-1, in average 1927–4042 kg ha-1, in rainy cropyear 2051–4473 kg ha-1 yield surpluses of maize, respectively) and crop rotation (in monoculture 1315–4473 kg ha-1, in biculture 924–2727 kg ha-1 and triculture 891–2291 kg ha-1 yield surpluses of maize, respectively). The optimum fertilization could improve the water use efficiency in maize production. Our long-term experiments gave important ecological and agronomic information to guide regional development of sustainable cropping systems.

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