scholarly journals A Segregated Approach for Modeling the Electrochemistry in the 3-D Microstructure of Li-Ion Batteries and Its Acceleration Using Block Preconditioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery M. Allen ◽  
Justin Chang ◽  
Francois L. E. Usseglio-Viretta ◽  
Peter Graf ◽  
Kandler Smith
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Automotive Application ◽  
System Of Equations ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Electrolyte Depletion ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Block Preconditioners ◽  
Electrochemical Model

AbstractBattery performance is strongly correlated with electrode microstructure. Electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries have complex microstructure geometries that require millions of degrees of freedom to solve the electrochemical system at the microstructure scale. A fast-iterative solver with an appropriate preconditioner is then required to simulate large representative volume in a reasonable time. In this work, a finite element electrochemical model is developed to resolve the concentration and potential within the electrode active materials and the electrolyte domains at the microstructure scale, with an emphasis on numerical stability and scaling performances. The block Gauss-Seidel (BGS) numerical method is implemented because the system of equations within the electrodes is coupled only through the nonlinear Butler–Volmer equation, which governs the electrochemical reaction at the interface between the domains. The best solution strategy found in this work consists of splitting the system into two blocks—one for the concentration and one for the potential field—and then performing block generalized minimal residual preconditioned with algebraic multigrid, using the FEniCS and the Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation libraries. Significant improvements in terms of time to solution (six times faster) and memory usage (halving) are achieved compared with the MUltifrontal Massively Parallel sparse direct Solver. Additionally, BGS experiences decent strong parallel scaling within the electrode domains. Last, the system of equations is modified to specifically address numerical instability induced by electrolyte depletion, which is particularly valuable for simulating fast-charge scenarios relevant for automotive application.

A novel eutectic solvent precursor for efficiently preparing N-doped hierarchically porous carbon nanosheets with unique surface functional groups and micro-pores towards dual-carbon lithium-ion capacitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaixiang Zou ◽  
Yuanfu Deng ◽  
Weijing Wu ◽  
Shiwei Zhang ◽  
Guohua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Carbon Nanosheets ◽  
Hierarchically Porous ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Unique Surface

High performance carbon-based materials are ideal electrode materials for Li-ion capacitors (LICs), but there are still many challenges such as the complicated preparation preocesses, high cost and low yield. Also,...

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Charging Voltage Curve Analysis and State of Health Estimation of Lithium-ion Batteries in Electric Vehicle

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuebing Han ◽  
Xuning Feng ◽  
Minggao Ouyang ◽  
Languang Lu ◽  
Jianqiu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Voltage Curve ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Li Ion

AbstractLithium-ion (Li-ion) cells degrade after repeated cycling and the cell capacity fades while its resistance increases. Degradation of Li-ion cells is caused by a variety of physical and chemical mechanisms and it is strongly influenced by factors including the electrode materials used, the working conditions and the battery temperature. At present, charging voltage curve analysis methods are widely used in studies of battery characteristics and the constant current charging voltage curves can be used to analyze battery aging mechanisms and estimate a battery’s state of health (SOH) via methods such as incremental capacity (IC) analysis. In this paper, a method to fit and analyze the charging voltage curve based on a neural network is proposed and is compared to the existing point counting method and the polynomial curve fitting method. The neuron parameters of the trained neural network model are used to analyze the battery capacity relative to the phase change reactions that occur inside the batteries. This method is suitable for different types of batteries and could be used in battery management systems for online battery modeling, analysis and diagnosis.

scholarly journals Current Li-Ion Battery Technologies in Electric Vehicles and Opportunities for Advancements

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Miao ◽  
Patrick Hynan ◽  
Annette von Jouanne ◽  
Alexandre Yokochi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
On The Road

Over the past several decades, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has continued to increase. Projections estimate that worldwide, more than 125 million EVs will be on the road by 2030. At the heart of these advanced vehicles is the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery which provides the required energy storage. This paper presents and compares key components of Li-ion batteries and describes associated battery management systems, as well as approaches to improve the overall battery efficiency, capacity, and lifespan. Material and thermal characteristics are identified as critical to battery performance. The positive and negative electrode materials, electrolytes and the physical implementation of Li-ion batteries are discussed. In addition, current research on novel high energy density batteries is presented, as well as opportunities to repurpose and recycle the batteries.

scholarly journals Analysis of Li-Ion Battery Gases Vented in an Inert Atmosphere Thermal Test Chamber

Batteries ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sturk ◽  
Lars Rosell ◽  
Per Blomqvist ◽  
Annika Ahlberg Tidblad
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Battery Cells

One way to support the development of new safety practices in testing and field failure situations of electric vehicles and their lithium-ion (Li-ion) traction batteries is to conduct studies simulating plausible incident scenarios. This paper focuses on risks and hazards associated with venting of gaseous species formed by thermal decomposition reactions of the electrolyte and electrode materials during thermal runaway of the cell. A test set-up for qualitative and quantitative measurements of both major and minor gas species in the vented emissions from Li-ion batteries is described. The objective of the study is to measure gas emissions in the absence of flames, since gassing can occur without subsequent fire. Test results regarding gas emission rates, total gas emission volumes, and amounts of hydrogen fluoride (HF) and CO2 formed in inert atmosphere when heating lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) dioxide/lithium manganese oxide (LMO) spinel cell stacks are presented and discussed. Important test findings include the large difference in total gas emissions from NMC/LMO cells compared to LFP, 780 L kg−1 battery cells, and 42 L kg−1 battery cells, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the total amount of HF formed for both cell types, suggesting that LFP releases higher concentrations of HF than NMC/LMO cells.

CORE/SHELL STRUCTURED NANOCOMPOSITES FOR ELECTRODE MATERIALS OF LITHIUM ION BATTERIES

2010 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIYUAN DUAN ◽  
BIWEN WEI ◽  
RONGJING YANG ◽  
JIAZHEN PAN
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Further Development

New materials are of great importance for further development of lithium ( Li ) ion batteries. This paper reviews the latest development on core/shell structured nanocomposites. Due to different roles of the cores and the shells, the nanocomposites can be tailored to improve their electrochemical performance. Finally, further directions are pointed out.

scholarly journals OCV Hysteresis in Li-Ion Batteries including Two-Phase Transition Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Roscher ◽  
Oliver Bohlen ◽  
Jens Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
High Current ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Active Electrode ◽  
Li Ion

The relation between batteries' state of charge (SOC) and open-circuit voltage (OCV) is a specific feature of electrochemical energy storage devices. Especially NiMH batteries are well known to exhibit OCV hysteresis, and also several kinds of lithium-ion batteries show OCV hysteresis, which can be critical for reliable state estimation issues. Electrode potential hysteresis is known to result from thermodynamical entropic effects, mechanical stress, and microscopic distortions within the active electrode materials which perform a two-phase transition during lithium insertion/extraction. Hence, some Li-ion cells including two-phase transition active materials show pronounced hysteresis referring to their open-circuit voltage. This work points out how macroscopic effects, that is, diffusion limitations, superimpose the latte- mentioned microscopic mechanisms and lead to a shrinkage of OCV hysteresis, if cells are loaded with high current rates. To validate the mentioned interaction, Li-ion cells' state of charge is adjusted to 50% with various current rates, beginning from the fully charged and the discharged state, respectively. As a pronounced difference remains between the OCV after charge and discharge adjustment, obviously the hysteresis vanishes as the target SOC is adjusted with very high current rate.

Synthesis and characterization of carbon coated sponge-like tin oxide (SnOx) films and their application as electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 612-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Mohri ◽  
Bernd Oschmann ◽  
Nina Laszczynski ◽  
Franziska Mueller ◽  
Jan von Zamory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Li Ion

Carbon coated SnOx sponges were synthesized and applied as anode in Li-ion batteries.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Multimeasurand Sensor for Monitoring of a Li-Ion Battery

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Knobloch ◽  
Chris Kapusta ◽  
Jason Karp ◽  
Yuri Plotnikov ◽  
Jason B. Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crack Detection ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Cooling Design ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Periodic Stress ◽  
Improve State

This paper details the fabrication and testing of a combined temperature and expansion sensor to improve state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) estimation for Li-ion batteries. These sensors enable the characterization of periodic stress and strain changes in the electrode materials of Lithium-ion batteries during the charge and discharge process. These ultrathin sensors are built on a polyimide substrate which can enable direct integration between cells without compromising safety or cell cooling design. Leveraging the sensor design and fabrication process used to create inductive coil eddy current (EC) sensors for crack detection, these sensors were characterized on three Panasonic 5 A-h cells showing the capability to measure expansion of Li-ion batteries. By sensing the intercalation effects, which cause cell expansion, improvements in estimation of SOH and SOC can be enabled through the use of physics-based battery models, which combine the thermal, mechanical, and electrochemical aspects of its operation.

scholarly journals Basic Medium Heterogeneous Solution Synthesis of α-MnO2 Nanoflakes as an Anode or Cathode in Half Cell Configuration (vs. Lithium) of Li-Ion Batteries

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungho Kim ◽  
Geoffrey Daniel ◽  
Vadim Kessler ◽  
Gulaim Seisenbaeva ◽  
Vilas Pol
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Solution Synthesis ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Discharge Capacities

Nano α-MnO2 is usually synthesized under hydrothermal conditions in acidic medium, which results in materials easily undergoing thermal reduction and offers single crystals often over 100 nm in size. In this study, α-MnO2 built up of inter-grown ultra-small nanoflakes with 10 nm thickness was produced in a rapid two-step procedure starting via partial reduction in solution in basic medium subsequently followed by co-proportionation in thermal treatment. This approach offers phase-pure α-MnO2 doped with potassium (cryptomelane type K0.25Mn8O16 structure) demonstrating considerable chemical and thermal stability. The reaction pathways leading to this new morphology and structure have been discussed. The MnO2 electrodes produced from obtained nanostructures were tested as electrodes of lithium ion batteries delivering initial discharge capacities of 968 mAh g−1 for anode (0 to 2.0 V) and 317 mAh g−1 for cathode (1.5 to 3.5 V) at 20 mA g−1 current density. At constant current of 100 mA g−1, stable cycling of anode achieving 660 mAh g−1 and 145 mAh g−1 for cathode after 200 cycles is recorded. Post diagnostic analysis of cycled electrodes confirmed the electrode materials stability and structural properties.

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