scholarly journals Perceptions of Spiritual Dryness in Iran During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt Büssing ◽  
Sara Hamideh Kerdar ◽  
Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari ◽  
Maryam Rassouli
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Spiritual Struggle ◽  
Spiritual Dryness ◽  
Negative Predictor

AbstractThis study addresses perceptions of spiritual dryness (a specific form of spiritual struggle) during the COVID-19 pandemic among Iranian Muslims (n = 362), and how these perceptions can be predicted. Spiritual dryness was perceived often to regularly by 27% and occasionally by 35%. Regression models revealed that the best predictors of spiritual dryness (SDS-7) were usage of mood-enhancing medications, loneliness/social isolation and praying as positive predictors, and being restricted in daily life concerns as negative predictor. The pandemic challenges mental stability of people worldwide and may also challenge trust in God. Reliable and humble support of people experiencing these phases is required.

scholarly journals Co-Housing Response to Social Isolation of COVID-19 Outbreak, with a Focus on Gender Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7203
Author(s):  
Emanuele Giorgi ◽  
Lucía Martín Martín López ◽  
Rubén Garnica-Monroy ◽  
Aleksandra Krstikj ◽  
Carlos Cobreros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Social Habits

COVID-19 forced billions of people to restructure their daily lives and social habits. Several research projects have focused on social impacts, approaching the phenomenon on the basis of different issues and scales. This work studies the changes in social relations within the well-defined urban-territorial elements of co-housing communities. The peculiarity of this research lies in the essence of these communities, which base their existence on the spirit of sharing spaces and activities. As social distancing represented the only effective way to control the outbreak, the research studied how the rules of social distancing impacted these communities. For this reason, a questionnaire was sent to 60 communities asking them to highlight the changes that the emergency imposed on the members in their daily life and in the organization of common activities and spaces. A total of 147 responses were received and some relevant design considerations emerged: (1) the importance of feeling part of a “safe” community, with members who were known and deemed reliable, when facing a health emergency; and (2) the importance of open spaces to carry out shared activities. Overall, living in co-housing communities was evaluated as an “extremely positive circumstance” despite the fact that the emergency worsened socialization.

The Past Is Prologue: Criminal Specialization Continuity in the Delinquent Career

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt DeLisi ◽  
Ramate Bunga ◽  
Mark H. Heirigs ◽  
Jacob H. Erickson ◽  
Andy Hochstetler
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Aggravated Assault ◽  
The Past ◽  
California Youth Authority ◽  
Important Evidence ◽  
Robust Evidence

The versatility/specialization debate in criminology has important theoretical, research, and juvenile/criminal justice ramifications. Although offenders are mostly versatile, there is important evidence of specialization, but much of this evidence is derived from highly technical statistical approaches. Drawing on data from a cohort of serious delinquents committed to the California Youth Authority, logistic regression models revealed robust evidence for criminal specialization net the effects of behavioral and demographic controls. Prior homicide was associated with a 1,467% increased likelihood of being currently adjudicated for a homicide offense. Similar prior–current involvement in robbery (294% increased likelihood), aggravated assault (200%), burglary (148%), and drug sales (736%) was found. Logistic regression with odds ratios provides intuitive, valuable estimates of specialization in offending whereby prior involvement in a specific form of delinquency dramatically increases the likelihood of current involvement in the same form of crime.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Influences and BMI in Urban Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 692-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlesia L. Mathis ◽  
Ronica N. Rooks ◽  
Rima H. Tawk ◽  
Daniel J. Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Neighborhood Crime ◽  
Neighborhood Influences ◽  
Perceived Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Very High

Objective: Increases in body weight and declining physical activity that may accompany aging are linked to a range of problems affecting daily life (i.e., decreased mobility and overall quality of life). This study investigates the actual and perceived neighborhood environment on overweight and obese urban older adults. Method: We selected 217 individuals aged 65+ who answered questions about their neighborhood on the 2009 Speak to Your Health survey. Using multinomial regression models and geospatial models, we examined relationships between neighborhood environment and BMI. Results: We found that obese older adults were 63% less likely to have a park within their neighborhood ( p = .04). Our results also show that older adults who perceive their neighborhood crime as very high are 12 times more likely to be overweight ( p = .04). Discussion: Findings suggest that parks may affect BMI in older adults; however, neighborhood perceptions play a greater role.

Physical activity accrued as part of public transport use in England

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Patterson ◽  
E Webb ◽  
C Millett ◽  
A A Laverty
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Background Walking and cycling for transport (active travel) is an important source of physical activity with established health benefits. However, levels of physical activity accrued during public transport journeys in England are unknown. Methods Using the English National Travel Survey 2010–14 we quantified active travel as part of public transport journeys. Linear regression models compared levels of physical activity across public transport modes, and logistic regression models compared the odds of undertaking 30 min a day of physical activity. Results Public transport users accumulated 20.5 min (95% confidence interval=19.8, 21.2) a day of physical activity as part of public transport journeys. Train users accumulated 28.1 min (26.3, 30.0) with bus users 16.0 min (15.3, 16.8). Overall, 34% (32%, 36%) of public transport users achieved 30 min a day of physical activity in the course of their journeys; 21% (19%, 24%) of bus users and 52% (47%, 56%) of train users. Conclusion Public transport use is an effective way to incorporate physical activity into daily life. One in three public transport users meet physical activity guidelines suggesting that shifts from sedentary travel modes to public transport could dramatically raise the proportion of populations achieving recommended levels of physical activity.

scholarly journals Novel Outreach Program and Practical Strategies for Patients with Parkinsonism in the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1383-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna Sennott ◽  
Katheryn Woo ◽  
Serena Hess ◽  
Daniela Mitchem ◽  
Ellen C. Klostermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Advanced Parkinson’S Disease

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has upended daily life and neurologic care for most patients, including those with Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism. Disruptions to routine care, high volumes of patient and caregiver calls, and our patients’ risk of infection and complications inspired a proactive COVID-19 outreach program. This program targets patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease and related disorders, specifically those who are homebound, receiving or eligible for palliative care, and/or lacking support networks. We describe the program and practical strategies providers can implement to support wellbeing and successful telehealth uptake during this time of social isolation and gradual reopening.

Social Isolation and Loneliness: Differences between Older Rural and Urban Manitobans

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Havens ◽  
Madelyn Hall ◽  
Gina Sylvestre ◽  
Tyler Jivan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Urban Adults ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper was to identify predictors of social isolation and loneliness for very old rural and urban adults. With data from the 1996 Aging in Manitoba Study (N = 1,868; age range 72–104), separate multiple regression models were constructed for rural and urban sub-samples, using the life space index (LSI) to measure social isolation as one outcome, and a loneliness index created by the authors from a combination of items to measure loneliness as a second outcome. Different factors were found to predict the outcomes for the two sub-samples. The models with isolation as the outcome produced five predictors for the rural sub-sample and three for the urban sub-sample. Only living alone was the same for both groups. The models with loneliness as the outcome produced five predictors for the rural sub-sample and two for the urban sub-sample, again with only one factor in common – four or more chronic illnesses. We conclude that health and social factors are important predictors of social isolation and loneliness, and sensitivity to these factors may improve the experience of older adults.

scholarly journals Uji Validitas Konstruk Skala Religious and Spiritual Struggles

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Nurhamidah Nurhamidah
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
Spiritual Struggle ◽  
Moral Dimension ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Spiritual Struggles ◽  
Multiple Domain

AbstractMany people face struggles around the religious and spiritual aspects of daily life, as shown by increasingly researches that have been being carried out. The more research develops on these two variables, the more comprehensive, reliable and concise measurement of someone's struggle in term of religion and spirituality through a multiple domain scale are needed. Religious and spiritual struggles occur when some aspects of religious belief, practice or experience become a negative focus so that it is closely related to emotions, concerns, or conflicts. There are six dimensions in religious and spiritual struggles, namely divine, demonic, interpersonal struggle, morality, ultimate meaning, and doubt. The aim of this study is to test the construct validity of Religious and Spiritual Struggles scale. 26 items of the Religious and Spiritual Struggle are tested. 150 college students are participated in this research. By using confirmatory factor analysis and helped by LISREL 8.70 software, the result shows that all dimensions have a fit model and truly measure religious and spiritual struggles even though there is one item in moral dimension that must be dropped. AbstrakBanyak orang mengalami pergulatan seputar aspek religius dan spiritual dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh penelitian-penelitian yang semakin luas dilakukan. Semakin berkembangnya penelitian terkait dua variabel ini semakin meningkat pula kebutuhan akan pengukuran yang lebih komprehensif, reliabel, dan ringkas tentang perjuangan seseorang dalam hal agama dan spiritualitas melalui skala yang mencakup banyak domain. Religious and spiritual struggles terjadi ketika beberapa aspek kepercayaan, praktik, atau pengalaman religius menjadi fokus negatif sehingga ia terkait erat dengan emosi, kekhawatiran, atau konflik. Terdapat enam dimensi dalam religious and spiritual struggles yaitu divine, demonic, interpersonal struggles, moral, ultimate meaning, dan doubt. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji validitas konstruk dari skala Religious and Spiritual Struggles. Terdapat 26 item dalam skala ini. Responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 150 mahasiswa. Metode analisis faktor yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah CFA (confirmatory factor analysis) dengan bantuan perangkat lunak LISREL 8.70. Hasilnya, seluruh dimensi memiliki model yang fit dan benar-benar mengukur religious and spiritual struggles meskipun ada satu item pada dimensi moral yang harus di drop. 

Community integration and related factors among people with mental illness in Japan: Multiple regression analysis stratified by social isolation level

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-622
Author(s):  
Ai Shioda ◽  
Keita Yamauchi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Community Integration ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Specific Factors

Backgroud and Aim: Community integration is an essential for people with mental illness that affects their health and quality of life. The objective of this study is to find the factors useful in improving community integration of people with mental illness. Methods: The study method was self-reporting questionnaires for people with mental illness living in the community. The decision tree analysis revealed that people with mental illness into high or low social isolation level strata. Multiple regression analyses stratified by using two social isolation levels were conducted. Results: Common factors among the strata were living environment of formal care accessibility and daily life activity. Specific factors for social isolation low-level stratum were self-efficacy for coping with symptoms, self-efficacy for social relationships, healthy lifestyle habits, treatment, exchange daily life information with friends and family members. Specific factors for social isolation high-level stratum were self-efficacy for daily living, self-efficacy for treatment-related behavior and satisfaction with formal care. All specific factors were positively associated with community integration. Conclusions: The findings suggest the devising interventions to enhance community integration by social isolation level among people with mental illness.

Hillforts at War: From Maiden Castle to Taniwaha Pā

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Armit
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Military ◽  
Efficiency Consideration

Following Wheeler's excavations at Maiden Castle, the multivallate hillforts of Wessex came to be seen as responses to a specific form of warfare based around the massed use of slings. As part of the wider post-processual ‘rethink’ of the British Iron Age during the late 1980s and 1990s, this traditional ‘military’ interpretation of hillforts was increasingly subject to criticism. Apparent weaknesses in hillfort design were identified and many of the most distinctive features of these sites (depth of enclosure, complexity of entrance arrangements, etc) were reinterpreted as symbols of social isolation. Yet this ‘pacification’ of hillforts is in many ways as unsatisfactory as the traditional vision. Both camps have tended to view warfare as a detached, functional, and disembedded activity which can be analysed in terms of essentially timeless concepts of military efficiency. Consideration of the use of analogous structures in the ethnographic record suggests that, far from being mutually exclusive, the military and symbolic dimensions are both essential to a more nuanced understanding of the wider social role of hillforts in Britain and beyond.

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