Adsorption temperature of volatile astatine species formed via dry distillation in a glass tube

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Nishinaka ◽  
Kohshin Washiyama ◽  
Kazuyuki Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Glass Tube ◽  
Adsorption Temperature ◽  
Dry Distillation

Exogeneous factors are not necessary in attachment, spreading and polarization of hela cells

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-311
Author(s):  
W. Liebrich
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Serum Free Medium ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Minimum Essential Medium ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Glass Support

HeLa cells were grown for 2-3 days in EAGLE'S minimum essential medium with 10% calf serum (S-MEM; Seromed, München) and then incubated for 24 hours in serum free medium (MEM). After detaching the cells with a solution of 0. 14 % EDTA and 0. 07 % trypsin (Difco, 1 : 250) they were suspended in various solutions (S-MEM = control, MEM, buffered salt solutions with or without Me++ions, 0. 9 % NaCl solution) and allowed to settle on glass tube slips (Leighton-tubes). After 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 1 45, 60 minutes 2, 3, 4, 5 hours cells were prepared for scanning electron microscopy as described by Paweletz and Schroeter. The preparations were examined in a Jeol SEM (JSM-U3) at 25 KV without tilting.The suspended spherical HeLa cells are able to adhere to the glass support in all solutions. The rate of attachment, however, is faster in solutions without serum than in the control. The latter is in agreement with the findings of other authors.

Electron sources: Past, present, and future

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 764-765
Author(s):  
David C Joy
Keyword(s):  
Glass Tube ◽  
Source Size ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Electron Sources ◽  
Difficult Decision ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Overall Performance

The electron source is the most important component of the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) since it is this which will determine the overall performance of the machine. The gun performance can be described in terms of quantities such as its brightness, its source size, its energy spread, and its stability and, depending on the chosen application, any of these factors may be the most significant one. The task of the electron gun in an SEM is, in fact, particularly difficult because of the very wide range of operational parameters that may be required e.g a variation in probe size of from a few angstroms to a few microns, and a probe current which may go from less than a pico-amp to more than a microamp. This wide range of operating parameters makes the choice of the optimum source for scanning microscopy a difficult decision.Historically, the first step up from the sealed glass tube ‘cathode ray generator’ was the simple, diode, tungsten thermionic emitter.

Observation of the Sulphur Atoms in Cu2S Using HREM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
Y.D. Yu ◽  
R. Guan ◽  
K.H. Kuo ◽  
H. Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Fluorite Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Electron Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Sulphur Atom ◽  
Copper Thin Film

We have indicated that the lighter atoms such as oxygen in Cu2O can be observed at the specimen with optimal thicknesses based on the dynamic effect of electron diffraction(1). This rule in principle should hold good for the imaging of other lighter atoms such as sulphur atom in Cu2S. However, this point of view needs further experimentally confirm because up to now only oxygen atoms have been observed in Cu2O and a series of new suboxides of copper and nickel (2). In addition, the sulphur atom is much heavier than oxygen one though is still lighter than copper atom. In the present report we provide such a confirmation.The crystallites of Cu2S shown in Fig.l were obtained by sulfurizing at 300°C of the copper thin film which was sealed in a glass tube with mg sulphur left on the tube wall in a vacuum of about 10-2 Pa. The energy dispersive spectrocscopy analysis indicated that they are the sulfides and the electron diffraction analysis indicated they have anti-fluorite structure.

Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 in Peanut Oil by Iodine Doped Supported TiO2 Thin Film Under Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengpeng Xu ◽  
Shengying Ye ◽  
Xiaolei Cui ◽  
Quan Zhang ◽  
Yan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Tio2 Thin Film ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽  
Supported Tio2

Background: Improper storage and raw materials make peanut oil susceptible to Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The semiconductor TiO2 photocatalysis technology is an effective technology which is widely used in sewage treatment, environmental protection and so on. Moreover, the photocatalytic efficiency can be improved by doping I. Method: The experiment is divided into two parts. In the first part, supported TiO2 thin film (STF) was prepared on the quartz glass tube (QGT) by the sol-gel and calcination method and the supported iodine doped supported TiO2 thin film (I-STF) was synthesized using potassium iodate solution. In the second part, the photocatalytic degradation of AFB1 was performed in a self-made photocatalytic reactor. The AFB1 was detected by ELISA kit. Results: The photocatalytic degradation of AFB1 has been proven to follow pseudo first-order reaction kinetics well (R2 > 0.95). The maximum degradation rate of 81.96%, which was reached at the optimum iodine concentration of 0.1mol/L, was 11.38% higher than that with undoped STF. The doping of iodine reduces the band-gap of TiO2, thereby increasing the photocatalytic response range. The proportion of Ti4+ in I-STF has decreased, which means that Ti4+ are replaced by I. The I-STF prepared at iodine concentration of 0.1mol/L has good photocatalytic properties.

scholarly journals Indirect Drying and Coking Characteristics of Coking Coal with Soda Residue Additive

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Ze Zhang ◽  
Shuting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Coking Coal ◽  
Internal Solution ◽  
Active Point ◽  
System A ◽  
Dry Distillation ◽  
Drying Rates ◽  
Process Energy ◽  
Drying Efficiency

To improve indirect drying efficiency, the effect of soda residue on the drying characteristics of coking coal were studied using a self-made indirect drying system. A tube furnace was used in the dry distillation of coal samples with soda residue, and the coke properties were analyzed. The results indicated that the soda residue has a significant influence on the increase in the heating rate of coal samples in the temperature distribution range of 90 to 110 °C. With the addition of 2%, 5%, and 10% soda residue, the drying rates increased by 11.5%, 25.3%, and 37.3%, respectively at 110 °C. The results of dry distillation show that addition of 2%, 5% and 10% soda residue decreases the carbon loss quantity by 4.67, 4.99, and 8.82 g, respectively. The mechanical strength of coke samples satisfies the industrial conditions when the soda residue ratio ranges from 2% to 5%. Soda residue can improve the active point of coke dissolution reaction and inhibit coke internal solution. Economically, coking coal samples mixed with soda residue have an obvious energy saving advantage in the drying process. Energy saving analysis found that it can reduce cost input by 20% than that of the normal drying method.

scholarly journals HEIDELBERG RADIOCARBON LAB – ESTABLISHING A NEW CARBON DIOXIDE EXTRACTION LINE FOR CARBONATE SAMPLES

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
S Therre ◽  
L Proß ◽  
R Friedrich ◽  
M Trüssel ◽  
N Frank
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Extraction ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Solid Piece ◽  
Environmental Physics

ABSTRACT To achieve high-precision and reproducible results from radiocarbon (14C) dating of carbonate samples in paleoclimate research, a new CO2 extraction line was designed, constructed, and characterized at the Heidelberg Radiocarbon Lab of the Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg. The setup includes a circular glass-tube design, which is operated at vacuum pressure levels of the order of 10–5 mbar. The efficiency of the extraction process was assessed, showing significantly favorable conditions for solid piece samples (99.58 ± 4.69)% over powdered samples (88.28 ± 10.03)%. Process blank values are below 0.2 pMC apparent 14C activity. Repeated measurements of IAEA C2 standards with an average value of (41.09 ± 0.23) pMC attest high accuracy and reproducibility of the instrument. Six consecutive samples of 6 to 12 mg carbonate mass can be processed in one run of roughly 2.5 hours. Thus, the new setup contributes to time-efficient and reproducible radiocarbon dating results for paleoclimate research at the Institute of Environmental Physics. In a first application, Dead Carbon Fraction (DCF) values of a Holocene alpine stalagmite from Schratten Cave are presented, revealing extraordinarily high offsets between atmospheric and stalagmite 14C with DCF values between (49.4 ± 0.4)% and (61.6 ± 0.4)%.

scholarly journals The formation conditions of birch tar in oxygen-depleted environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabea J. Koch ◽  
Patrick Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Interval ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Dry Distillation ◽  
Narrow Temperature Interval ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
Formation Conditions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Heating Duration

AbstractBirch tar is the oldest manmade adhesive dating back to the European Middle Palaeolithic. Its study is of importance for understanding the cognitive capacities and technical skills of Neanderthals and the aceramic production systems employed in the European Palaeolithic and Mesolithic. Several methods may have been used to make birch tar, the most common proposition being dry distillation in oxygen-depleted atmospheres. One of the major impediments for our understanding of the conditions employed to make Neanderthal birch tar, and ultimately the technique used, is that it remains unknown at which temperatures exactly birch tar forms. The relationship between heating duration and tar formation is also unknown. To address these questions, we conduct a laboratory heating experiment, using sealed glass tubes and an electric furnace. We found that birch tar is only produced at a narrow temperature interval (350 °C and 400 °C). Heating times longer than 15 min have no effect on the quantity of tar produced. These findings, notwithstanding previous propositions of necessarily long heating times and larger tolerances for temperature, have important implications for our understanding of the investment in time needed for Palaeolithic birch tar making.

scholarly journals Lignocellulose@ Activated Clay Nanocomposite with Hierarchical Nanostructure Enhancing the Removal of Aqueous Zn(II)

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotao Zhang ◽  
Yinan Hao ◽  
Zhangjing Chen ◽  
Yuhong An ◽  
Wanqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Hierarchical Nanostructure ◽  
Desorption Temperature ◽  
Desorption Time ◽  
Adsorption Temperature ◽  
Hcl Concentration

A lignocellulose@ activated clay (Ln@AC) nanocomposite with a hierarchical nanostructure was successfully synthesized by the chemical intercalation reaction and applied in the removal of Zn(II) from an aqueous solution. Ln@AC was characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and the results indicate that an intercalated–exfoliated hierarchical nanostructure was formed. The effects of different adsorption parameters on the Zn(II) removal rate (weight ratio of Ln to AC, Ln@AC dosage, initial Zn(II) concentration, pH value, adsorption temperature, and time) were investigated in detail. The equilibrium adsorption capacity reached 315.9 mg/g under optimal conditions (i.e., the weight ratio of Ln to AC of 3:1, Ln@AC dosage of 1 g/L, initial Zn(II) concentration of 600 mg/L, pH value of 6.8, adsorption temperature of 65 °C, and adsorption time of 50 min). The adsorption process was described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, Langmuir isotherm model, and the Elovich model. Moreover, Zn(II) could be easily eluted by HCl, and the effects of HCl concentration, desorption temperature, and ultrasonic desorption time on desorbed amount were tested. Desorption studies revealed that with an HCl concentration of 0.25 mol/L, desorption temperature of 70 °C, and ultrasonic desorption time of 20 min, the maximum desorption capacity and efficiency were achieved at 202.5 mg/g and 64.10%, respectively. Regeneration experimental results indicated that the Ln@AC exhibited a certain recyclable regeneration performance. Due to such outstanding features, the novel Ln@AC nanocomposite proved to have great adsorption potential for Zn(II) removal from wastewater, and exhibited an extremely significant amount of adsorbed Zn(II) when compared to conventional adsorbents.

scholarly journals Light Path Model of Fiber Optic Liquid Level Sensor Considering Residual Liquid Film on the Wall

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Shiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Residual Liquid ◽  
Light Refraction ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Level Sensor ◽  
Liquid Level Sensor

The working principle of the refractive-type fiber optic liquid level sensor is analyzed in detail based on the light refraction principle. The optic path models are developed in consideration of common simplification and the residual liquid film on the glass tube wall. The calculating formulae for the model are derived, constraint conditions are obtained, influencing factors are discussed, and the scopes and skills of application are analyzed through instance simulations. The research results are useful in directing the correct usage of the fiber optic liquid level sensor, especially in special cases, such as those involving viscous liquid in the glass tube monitoring.

A New Troughlike Nonimaging Solar Concentrator

2001 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo A. Rinco´n ◽  
Fidel A. Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Acceptance Angle ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Optimal Shapes ◽  
Heating Steam ◽  
East West

A new two-dimensional concentrator for solar energy collection has been developed. The concentrator has the following advantages, when compared with the classic Compound Parabolic Concentrators invented by Roland Winston, W. T. Welford, A. Rabl, Baranov, and other researchers: 1) It allows the use of parabolic mirrors, which have a reflecting area much smaller for a given concentration ratio and acceptance angle. 2) Between the mirror and the absorber, there is a large gap so that conduction losses are reduced. Convection losses can be reduced, too, if the absorber is enclosed within a glass tube. 3) It can be easily manufactured. Instead of seeking the shape of the mirrors for a given shape of the absorber, we have made the inverse statement of the problem, and we have obtained the optimal shapes of the absorbers with a prescribed acceptance angle, for parabolic mirrors, assuming that the intercept factor is unity, the mirrors are perfect, and the absorber surfaces are convex. The concentrator should be east-west oriented, and could be seasonal or monthly tilt adjusted. This concentrator could have many practical applications, such as fluid heating, steam generation, etc.

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