Design of a Flow-Through Refractometer for Monitoring the State of Transparent Media with a Cylindrical Insert in the Form of a Vertical Section of a Pipeline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Davydov ◽  
D. I. Nikolaev ◽  
A. V. Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Section ◽  
The State ◽  
Transparent Media ◽  
Flow Through

Inertia-Driven Controlled Passive Actuation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douwe Dresscher ◽  
Theo J. A. de Vries ◽  
Stefano Stramigioli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Flow ◽  
Legged Locomotion ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmission ◽  
The State ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Storage Element ◽  
Abstraction Layer ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Flow Through

A serious problem with using electrical actuators in legged locomotion is the significant energy loss. For this reason, we propose and analyse an alternative means of actuation: Controlled Passive Actuation. Controlled Passive Actuation aims at reducing the energy flow through electric actuators by actuating with a combination of an energy storage element and a Continuously Variable Transmission. In this work, we present a method where we apply a Continuously Variable Transmission with a storage element in the form of a mass to change the state of another mass (“the load”). An abstraction layer is created to abstract the inertia-driven Controlled Passive Actuation to a source of effort, a force actuator. On this abstracted system, feedback control can be applied to achieve control goals such as path tracking. With simulations and experiments, we show that inertia-driven Controlled Passive Actuation can be used to control the state of an (inertial) load. The experimental results show that the performance of the system is affected by the internal dynamics and limited rate of change of the transmission ratio of the Continuously Variable Transmission.

Institutionalizing the option of dam removal: the New Hampshire initiative

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Lindloff
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Dam Removal ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northeastern State ◽  
Flow Through

For two years, the State of New Hampshire has worked to institutionalize the option of dam removal. The high gradient streams that flow through the granite hills and mountains of this small northeastern state provided ideal conditions for dam construction, particularly during AmericaÕs Industrial Revolution of the 1800s when mills were constructed throughout the area. With more than 4,800 dams in the stateÕs database, there are many opportunities for the removal of dams that no longer serve a useful purpose, have become a public safety hazard and impact the river environment. Efforts to facilitate removal of dams in New Hampshire include the formation of a River Restoration Task Force and the creation of a dam removal program within the state agency responsible for regulating dams. This has led to the removal of two dams in the past year, with approximately ten additional projects in various stages of planning. A history of this agency-led initiative, as well as a discussion of the programÕs strengths, challenges and goals for the future are presented.

From Transportation Equity to Transportation Justice: Within, Through, and Beyond the State

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Karner ◽  
Jonathan London ◽  
Dana Rowangould ◽  
Kevin Manaugh
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
System Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
Substantial Cost ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Transportation Equity

Transportation policies, plans, and projects all flow through state institutions because of the substantial cost of infrastructure and the need to assess transportation system performance, including equity implications. But environmental justice scholarship interrogates the state’s role in perpetuating injustice. Most research and planning practice related to transportation equity has relied upon state-sponsored analytical methods. Transportation planners and scholars can benefit from critical assessments of these approaches. We propose a shift in focus from transportation equity to a broader consideration of transportation justice that is more closely aligned with models of social change promulgated in the environmental justice literature and by related movements.

On the stochastic properties of single ion channels

1981 ◽  
Vol 211 (1183) ◽  
pp. 205-235 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
The State ◽  
Agonist Action ◽  
Agonist Concentration ◽  
Relaxation Experiments ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Single Channel Currents ◽  
Stochastic Properties ◽  
Channel Currents

It is desirable to be able to predict, from a specified mechanism, the appearance of currents that flow through single ion channels ( a ) to enable interpretation of experiments in which single channel currents are observed, and ( b ) to allow physical meaning to be attached to the results observed in kinetic (noise and relaxation) experiments in which the aggregate of many single channel currents is observed. With this object, distributions (and their means) are derived for the length of the sojourn in any specified subset of states (e. g. all shut states). In general these are found to depend not only on the state in which the sojourn starts, but also on the state that immediately follows the sojourn. The methods described allow derivation of the distribution of, for example, ( a ) the number of openings, and total length of the burst of openings, that may occur during a single occupancy, and ( b ) the apparent gap between such bursts. The methods are illustrated by their application to two simple theories of agonist action. The Castillo-Katz (non-cooperative) mechanism predicts, for example, that the number of openings per occupancy, and the apparent burst length, are independent of agonist concentration whereas a simple cooperative mechanism predicts that both will increase with agonist concentration.

scholarly journals Новый метод измерения показателя преломления текущей жидкости

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (7) ◽  
pp. 954
Author(s):  
В.В. Давыдов ◽  
А.В. Мороз ◽  
Д.И. Николаев
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Vertical Section ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
New Method ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Multiple Reflections ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Flowing Liquid ◽  
Flow Through

The necessity of developing a new method for measuring the refractive index of a liquid in a turbulent mode of its flow in a pipeline is substantiated. A new method for measuring the refractive index of a medium n is presented. For its practical implementation, a new design of a flow-through refractometer has been developed, which makes it possible to measure n in both laminar and turbulent fluid flow. A new design of the optical part of the refractometer is considered. A new way of placing it on the vertical section of the pipeline for measuring n is proposed. All this makes it possible to make insignificant the influence on the measurement result of n flowing liquid of errors associated with multiple reflections of laser radiation from optical elements, with the formation of voids or vortex flows in the pipeline and with temperature fluctuations. In the design of a refractometer with a new method for measuring n, there are no restrictions on determining the value of n of a flowing liquid, in contrast to the used industrial flow-through refractometers, the principle of which is based on the phenomenon of total internal reflection of laser radiation at the interface of two media. The results of experimental studies of various media are presented.

MONITORING OF THE STATE OF THE SKIN BLOOD FLOW IN THE DYNAMICS OF EXPERIMENTAL BURN DISEASE DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martusevich ◽  
A Epishkina ◽  
E Golygina ◽  
A Tuzhilkin ◽  
A Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
The State ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Skin Microcirculation ◽  
Experimental Burn ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Burn Disease

The purpose of this study was to study the state of skin microcirculation in healthy and burned rats. It was found that thermal trauma has a negative impact on the microcirculation system, which is manifested in a decrease in the intensity of blood flow through small-diameter vessels

A Numerical Method for Turbomachinery Aeroelasticity

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cinnella ◽  
P. De Palma ◽  
G. Pascazio ◽  
M. Napolitano
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Method ◽  
Compressible Flows ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The State ◽  
Turbine Cascade ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Difference Formula ◽  
Standard Configuration ◽  
Flow Through

This work provides an accurate and efficient numerical method for turbomachinery flutter. The unsteady Euler or Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations are solved in integral form, the blade passages being discretised using a background fixed C-grid and a body-fitted C-grid moving with the blade. In the overlapping region data are exchanged between the two grids at every time step, using bilinear interpolation. The method employs Roe’s second-order-accurate flux difference splitting scheme for the inviscid fluxes, a standard second-order discretisation of the viscous terms, and a three-level backward difference formula for the time derivatives. The state-of-the-art second-order accuracy of numerical methods for unsteady compressible flows with shocks is thus carried over, for the first time to the authors knowledge, to flutter computations. The dual time stepping technique is used to evaluate the nonlinear residual at each time step, thus extending to turbomachinery aeroelasticity the state-of-the-art efficiency of unsteady RANS solvers. The code is proven to be accurate and efficient by computing the 4th Aeroelastic Standard Configuration, namely, the subsonic flow through a turbine cascade with flutter instability in the first bending mode, where viscous effect are found practically negligible. Then, the very severe 11th Aeroelastic Standard Configuration is computed, namely, the transonic flow through a turbine cascade at off-design conditions, where the turbulence model is found to be the critical feature of the method.

scholarly journals Status-quo of the different canal systems of Punjab, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 889 (1) ◽  
pp. 012063
Author(s):  
Harinderpal Singh Bedi ◽  
Sandeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
The Status ◽  
Canal Systems ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Three Rivers

Abstract In India, Punjab is a state which grows large proportion of countries agricultural products and the dependence of cultivatable land, for irrigation, is highly shifting towards the use of surface water. Currently, there are three major fresh water rivers that flow through Punjab i.e., Ravi, Beas and Satluj. Since, India’s independence and its partition, several reforms have taken place with respect to the modifications in the flow of these rivers. As several activities of the state such as, industrial, domestic, geo-political etc., are dependent on the availability of the fresh water, therefore, it is imperative to provide the status-quo of the changes in the rivers of Punjab. This article brings forward, the present condition of the three rivers of Punjab with respect to the development of canals, construction of headworks, dams etc. It is expected that this article will provide an insight of the complete fresh water distribution in the state Punjab, India, to the various stakeholders of associated fields.

scholarly journals A computer scheme for rapid calculations of balance-flux distributions

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Budd ◽  
R. C. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
The State ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
Steady State Balance

A simple computer scheme developed by Budd and Smith (1985) and modified by D. Jenssen has been further developed to provide a rapid computation of steady-state balance fluxes over arbitrary ice masses, given the surface elevations and net accumulation distribution. The scheme provides a powerful diagnostic tool to examine the flux and state of balance over whole ice masses or limited regions to interpret field observations for dynamics or the state of balance.In many cases the uncertainty in the state of balance may be much less than the uncertainty in the deformation and sliding properties of the ice and so the flux and velocities derived from balance could provide a useful guide for the dynamics where direct observations are sparse.The scheme assumes that, on a horizontal scale of many ice thicknesses, the ice-flow direction is approximately down the steepest surface slope. The continuity equation is used to compute steady-state implied downslope fluxes at each grid point from integrations of the net accumulation over the area from the summits to the edges. The algorithm ensures the exact integral balance of the surface net flux over the area with flow through boundaries.Applications are demonstrated for the whole of Antarctica and for regional areas. Comparisons are made between fluxes computed from observed ice thicknesses and velocities and those computed from balance. The observed ice thicknesses can also be used to compute surface velocities from assumed column-to-surface velocity ratios. The combined fluxes from observations and balance can be used to compute rates of change of elevation with time.

scholarly journals On the need to control the state of the upper edge of the prism in a flow-through refractometer for measurements with an error less than 10−4

2021 ◽  
Vol 2086 (1) ◽  
pp. 012145
Author(s):  
F A Isakov ◽  
V V Davydov ◽  
V Yu Rud
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Flowing Liquid ◽  
Upper Face ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Negative Factors

Abstract The article substantiates the need to use a flow-through refractometer to control the state of a flowing liquid during scientific research, when automating a technological process, etc. The main negative factors that affect an increase in the measurement error of the refractive index n of a flowing liquid are determined. It was found that one of these factors is the formation of a thin film (plaque) on the upper face of the prism, which is in contact with the medium under study. The study of the influence of this film on the measurement error has been carried out. A method has been developed to eliminate plaque from the upper face of the prism during the operation of the refractometer. The results of experimental studies are presented.

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