Changing Life Expectancy and Health Expectancy Among Russian Adults: Results from the Past 20 Years

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka S. Minagawa
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Expectancy ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Dynamics of modal age at death in 1959−2014 in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
One Year

Abstract The aim of this paper is to determine the trends of the main indicators of life expectancy in Russia in the 1950s to 2000s. For this purpose, life tables for Russia (former — RSFSR) from 1959 to 2014 for one-year age intervals were analyzed. The main indicators under review are the modal age at death and the standard deviation of life expectancy from the modal value for all ages and the mode. As a result, it is concluded that in Russia the modal age at death and the indicator of life expectancy have stagnated over the past 60 years, and definite trends can be traced only in short periods of time, namely after 2009 when all basic life expectancy indicators were steadily increasing. Life expectancy is far behind those of the developed countries by about half a century.

Financing UK Pensions

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hills
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Occupational Pension ◽  
Defined Benefit ◽  
Occupational Pensions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Defined Benefit Pensions

A key feature of the pension challenges currently facing Britain is the decline of the system of occupational pensions, particularly the decline of defined-benefit pensions. Here, it is often argued that the villain has been the government (in fact a succession of governments). In this view, over the past decades successive governments have delivered a catalogue of regulation and legislation that, though often well intentioned, has ultimately worked to the detriment of occupational pension provision. Alternatively, one might argue that we could have seen it all coming. It is important that future policy should be set up in a way that is sustainable and robust enough to cope with the huge uncertainty around the increase in life expectancy which we are hoping for. This chapter examines why, and when, things began to go wrong with the financing of British pensions.

Is more better than less? Caveats from bevacizumab and cetuximab combination in colorectal cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Camillo Porta
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Advanced Colorectal Cancer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Made In

In the past few years, impressing improvements have been made in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Following decades of modest achievements, in which it was just a matter of dose and schedule for 5-FU and leucovorin—the only treatment then available—first, the development of irinotecan and oxaliplatin, and then the use of the two biologicals, bevacizumab and cetuximab, have dramatically improved the life expectancy of our colorectal cancer patients...

scholarly journals Equity and length of lifespan are not the same

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (30) ◽  
pp. 8420-8423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Seligman ◽  
Gabi Greenberg ◽  
Shripad Tuljapurkar
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Mortality Improvement ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age Of Death

Efforts to understand the dramatic declines in mortality over the past century have focused on life expectancy. However, understanding changes in disparity in age of death is important to understanding mechanisms of mortality improvement and devising policy to promote health equity. We derive a novel decomposition of variance in age of death, a measure of inequality, and apply it to cause-specific contributions to the change in variance among the G7 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States) from 1950 to 2010. We find that the causes of death that contributed most to declines in the variance are different from those that contributed most to increase in life expectancy; in particular, they affect mortality at younger ages. We also find that, for two leading causes of death [cancers and cardiovascular disease (CVD)], there are no consistent relationships between changes in life expectancy and variance either within countries over time or between countries. These results show that promoting health at younger ages is critical for health equity and that policies to control cancer and CVD may have differing implications for equity.

Death at the End of the 20th Century: Individual Processes and Developmental Tasks in Old Age

2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Röcke ◽  
Katie E. Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Developmental Tasks ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

In this article, we address the topic of death from historic and contemporary perspectives. In the first section, we describe the changes in life expectancy, personal experience, and public awareness of death that have occurred over the past century. In the next section, we examine the impact these changes have had on the mastery of the two developmental tasks in adulthood, acceptance of one's own mortality and coping with the death of a spouse. We describe select findings from the literature on attitudes, fear or acceptance of death, and grief processes. Implications for research, practice, and social change are considered.

scholarly journals Health expectancy and the problem of substitute morbidity

1997 ◽  
Vol 352 (1363) ◽  
pp. 1819-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry P. A. Van De Water
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Health Expectancy ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
Data Collections

During the past century, the developed world has not only witnessed a dramatic increase in life expectancy (ageing), but also a concomitant rise in chronic disease and disability. Consequently, the tension between ‘living longer’ on the one hand and health–related ‘quality of life’ on the other has become an increasingly important health policy problem. The paper deals with two consequences of this so–called epidemiological transition in population health. The first one concerns the question of how— given the impressive changes, population health can be measured in an adequate and policy relevant present–day fashion. The second one is the so–called phenomenon of ‘substitute morbidity and mortality’: more and more acute fatal diseases are replaced by non–fatal delayed degenerative diseases like dementia and arthritis. How the phenomenon of substitute morbidity and mortality affects the development of population health is illustrated with the epidemiological transitions, worldwide shifts in the main causes of death, assumptions used in models, adverse consequences of medical technologies and some results from intervention trials. Substitute morbidity and mortality may thwart our disease–specific expectations of interventions and asks for a shift to a ‘total population health’ perspective when judging potential health gains of interventions. Better understanding of the dynamics that underly the changes in population health is necessary. Implications for data collections are more emphasis on morbidity data and their relation with mortality, more longitudinal studies, stricter requirements for intervention trials and more use of modelling as a tool. A final recommendation is the promotion of integrative measures of population health. For the latter several results are presented suggesting that, although the amount of morbidity and disability is growing with an increasing life expectancy, this is mild unhealthiness in particular. This finding supports the ‘dynamic equilibrium’ theory. In absolute numbers, however, the burden of disease will continue to increase with further ageing of the population.

Health in a ‘post-transition’ Australia: adding years to life or life to years?

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Begg
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Health Expectancy ◽  
Average Life Span ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Life Course

Objective To explore the likely impact of future trajectories of morbidity and mortality in Australia. Methods Estimates of mortality and morbidity were obtained from a previous assessment of Australia’s health from 1993 to 2003, including projections to 2023. Outcomes of interest were the difference between life expectancy (LE0) and health-adjusted life expectancy (i.e. absolute lost health expectancy (ALHE0)), ALHE0 as a proportion of LE0 and the partitioning of changes in ALHE0 into additive contributions from changes in age- and cause-specific mortality and morbidity. Results Actual and projected trajectories of mortality and morbidity resulted in an expansion of ALHE0 of 1.22 years between 1993 and 2023, which was equivalent to a relative expansion of 0.7% in morbidity over the life course. Most (93.8%) of this expansion was accounted for by cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer; of these, the only unfavourable trend of any note was increasing morbidity from diabetes. Conclusions Time spent with morbidity will most likely increase in terms of numbers of years lived and as a proportion of the average life span. This conclusion is based on the expectation that gains in LE0 will continue to exceed gains in ALHE0, and has important implications for public policy. What is known about the topic? Although the aging of Australia’s population as a result of declining birth and death rates is well understood, its relationship with levels of morbidity is not always fully appreciated. This is most noticeable in the policy discourse on primary prevention, in which such activities are sometimes portrayed as having unrealised potential with respect to alleviating growth in health service demand. What does this paper add? This paper sheds new light on these relationships by exploring the likely impact of future trajectories of both morbidity and mortality within an additive partitioning framework. The results suggest a modest expansion of morbidity over the life course, most of which is accounted for by only three causes. In two of these (cardiovascular disease and cancer), the underlying trends in both mortality and morbidity have been favourable for some time due, at least in part, to success in primary prevention. What are the implications for practitioners? Although there may be good arguments in favour of a greater focus on primary prevention as currently practiced, reducing overall demand for health services is unlikely to be one of them. To make such an argument valid, policy makers should consider shifting their attention to the effectiveness of primary prevention as it relates to causes other than cardiovascular disease and cancer, particularly those with a predominantly non-fatal impact, such as diabetes and degenerative diseases of old age.

Address by the President of the Faculty of Actuaries. Respecting the Past, Creating the Future

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
John Stewart Russell Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThis Presidential Address is delivered towards the end of the 150th anniversary year of the Faculty of Actuaries, and is timed to coincide with the International Actuarial Association and Groupe Consultatif holding meetings in Edinburgh. It deals with the growing globalisation of the Profession, reviews the key developments arising out of the Morris Review and the implications of current changes. It then moves on to examine communication and the role the Profession can play with the media. A comparison between actuarial practice in life and pensions follows, with suggestions for a closer alignment between pension expectation and pension reality. Comment is made about the prospects for healthy life expectancy. Finally, the relationship between the Faculty and the Institute of Actuaries is debated, and a consultation with Faculty members is launched.

scholarly journals Analysis of consequences of the relationship between man, nature and technology in the context of technogenesis intellectualization

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
Galina Ulivanova ◽  
Olga Fedosova ◽  
Galina Glotova ◽  
Olga Antoshina ◽  
Alexandra Fetisova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Aged People ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Relationship

The paper presents the results of the analysis of demographic and medico-social data characterizing the dynamics of morbidity and mortality from environmental diseases, in particular, diseases of the cardiovascular system. The trend of negative natural population growth was revealed, amounting to -6.9 per 1,000 persons by 2019. The number of patients with cardiovascular diseases was 13 817,4 persons, with the overwhelming majority of the working-age population (9020,2 persons). Ischemic heart disease had the largest share in the structure of the studied diseases (62,25 %). There was also a decrease in life expectancy over the past 30 years and an increase in mortality of young and middle-aged people.

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