scholarly journals Electron and proton transport in wheat exposed to salt stress: is the increase of the thylakoid membrane proton conductivity responsible for decreasing the photosynthetic activity in sensitive genotypes?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulkar Ibrahimova ◽  
Marek Zivcak ◽  
Kristina Gasparovic ◽  
Anshu Rastogi ◽  
Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters

AbstractEffects of salinity caused by 150 mM NaCl on primary photochemical reactions and some physiological and biochemical parameters (K+/Na+ ratio, soluble sugars, proline, MDA) have been studied in five Triticum aestivum L. genotypes with contrasting salt tolerance. It was found that 150 mM NaCl significantly decreased the photosynthetic efficiency of two sensitive genotypes. The K+/Na+ ratio decreased in all genotypes exposed to salinity stress when compared with the control. Salinity stress also caused lipid peroxidation and accumulation of soluble sugars and proline. The amounts of soluble sugars and proline were higher in tolerant genotypes than sensitive ones, and lipid peroxidation was higher in sensitive genotypes. The noninvasive measurements of photosynthesis-related parameters indicated the genotype-dependent effects of salinity stress on the photosynthetic apparatus. The significant decrease of chlorophyll content (SPAD values) or adverse effects on photosynthetic functions at the PSII level (measured by the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters) were observed in the two sensitive genotypes only. Although the information obtained by different fast noninvasive techniques were consistent, the correlation analyses identified the highest correlation of the noninvasive records with MDA, K+/Na+ ratio, and free proline content. The lower correlation levels were found for chlorophyll content (SPAD) and Fv/Fm values derived from chlorophyll fluorescence. Performance index (PIabs) derived from fast fluorescence kinetics, and F735/F685 ratio correlated well with MDA and Na+ content. The most promising were the results of linear electron flow measured by MultispeQ sensor, in which we found a highly significant correlation with all parameters assessed. Moreover, the noninvasive simultaneous measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and electrochromic band shift using this sensor indicated the apparent proton leakage at the thylakoid membranes resulting in a high proton conductivity (gH+), present in sensitive genotypes only. The possible consequences for the photosynthetic functions and the photoprotection are discussed.

Chlorophyll A Fluorescence and Chlorophyll Content in Parmelia Quercina Thalli from a Polluted Region of Northern Castellon (Spain)

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Calatayud ◽  
M. J. Sanz ◽  
E. Calvo ◽  
E. Barreno ◽  
S. del Valle-Tascon
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Energy Capture ◽  
Pollution Concentrations ◽  
Made In

AbstractMeasurements of modulated chlorophyll a fluorescence emission and chlorophyll content were made in thalli of Parmelia quercina collected from northern Castellon(Spain). Althoug high air pollution concentrations have been measured in this area, the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence is unaffected. Following dark-adaptation, the response to irradiance of chlorophyll fluorescence was examined. With respect to control samples, thalli collected in northern Castellon consistently showed differences in fluorescence quenching, the efficiency of excitation energy capture and quenching of basal fluorescence. However, the quantum ield of photochemistry and non-cyclic electron flow were not affected. The changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were observed in the absence of both visual injuries and decrease in chlorophyll content. The results are discussed with regard to the possible role of environmental stress in chlorophyll fluorescence yield.

scholarly journals Effects of Drought and Rehydration on the Physiological Responses of Artemisia halodendron

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Juanli Chen ◽  
Xueyong Zhao ◽  
Yaqiu Zhang ◽  
Yuqiang Li ◽  
Yongqing Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Artemisia Halodendron ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Artemisia halodendron is a widely distributed native plant in China’s Horqin sandy land, but few studies have examined its physiological responses to drought and rehydration. To provide more information, we investigated the effects of drought and rehydration on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and physiological responses of A. halodendron to reveal the mechanisms responsible for A. halodendron’s tolerance of drought stress and the resulting ability to tolerate drought. We found that A. halodendron had strong drought resistance. Its chlorophyll content first increased and then decreased with prolonged drought. Variable chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv) and quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) decreased, and the membrane permeability and malondialdehyde increased. When plants were subjected to drought stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity degraded under severe drought, but the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and the contents of soluble proteins, soluble sugars, and free proline increased. Severe drought caused wilting of A. halodendron leaves and the leaves failed to recover even after rehydration. After rehydration, the chlorophyll content, membrane permeability, SOD and CAT activities, and the contents of the three osmoregulatory substances under moderate drought began to recover. However, Fv, Fv/Fm, malondialdehyde, and POD activity did not recover under severe drought. These results illustrated that drought tolerance of A. halodendron resulted from increased enzyme (POD and CAT) activities and accumulation of osmoregulatory substances.

scholarly journals Silicon ameliorates the adverse effects of salt stress on sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia) seedlings

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Guo-Qiang ◽  
Liu Hai-Long ◽  
Feng Rui-Jun ◽  
Wang Chun-Mei ◽  
Du Yong-Yong
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Relative Membrane Permeability

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the application of silicon (Si) ameliorates the detrimental effects of salinity stress on sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia). Three-week-old seedlings were exposed to 0 and 100 mmol/L NaCl with or without 1 mmol/L Si for 7 days. The results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced plant growth, shoot chlorophyll content and root K<sup>+</sup> concentration, but increased shoot malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, relative membrane permeability (RMP) and Na<sup>+</sup> concentrations of shoot and root in sainfoin compared to the control (no added Si and NaCl). However, the addition of Si significantly enhanced growth, chlorophyll content of shoot, K<sup>+</sup> and soluble sugars accumulation in root, while it reduced shoot MDA concentration, RMP and Na<sup>+</sup> accumulation of shoot and root in plants under salt stress. It is clear that silicon ameliorates the adverse effects of salt stress on sainfoin by limiting Na<sup>+</sup> uptake and enhancing selectivity for K<sup>+</sup>, and by adjusting the levels of organic solutes. The present study provides physiological insights into understanding the roles of silicon in salt tolerance in sainfoin.

scholarly journals Copper Stress on Photosynthesis of Black Mangle (Avicennia germinans)

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL GONZALEZ-MENDOZA ◽  
FRANCISCO ESPADAS y GIL ◽  
FERNANDO ESCOBOZA-GARCIA ◽  
JORGE M. SANTAMARIA ◽  
OMAR ZAPATA-PEREZ
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

The effects of copper toxicity on the photosynthetic activities of Avicennia germinans was investigated using two CuSO4 concentrations (0.062 and 0.33 M) added in Hoagland's solution in an aerated hydroponic system. Photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured after 30 h of copper stress. Results obtained in this study show that increasing levels of Cu+2 of 0.062 and 0.33 M Cu+2 resulted in a general reduction of the stomatal conductance (28 and 18%, respectively) and 100% of inhibition of net photosynthesis. Additionally, at these concentrations of Cu+2, reductions of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were also observed. These changes suggested that the photosynthetic apparatus of Avicennia germinans was the primary target of the Cu+2 action. It is concluded that Cu+2 ions causes a drastic decline in photosynthetic gas exchange and Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in A. germinans leaves.

scholarly journals Effects of Whole-root and Half-root Water Stress on Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters in Apple Trees

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhong Yuan ◽  
Man Xu ◽  
Wei Duan ◽  
Peige Fan ◽  
Shaohua Li
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stomatal Limitation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Acceptor Side ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000

The responses of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments (DEPS) of micropropagated apple trees (Malus ×domestica) were investigated under whole-root water stress (WRS) and half-root water stress (HRS) induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 to simulate whole and partial root zone drying. Compared with control plants without water stress, plants under WRS and HRS exhibited reduced leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (gS) with a greater reduction in WRS than in HRS plants. However, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased under WRS as water stress was prolonged, signifying a non-stomatal limitation of Pn. Regarding HRS, decreased Pn was mainly the result of a stomatal limitation explained by a relatively low Ci. Changes in photosynthesis and chlorophyll parameters indicate that severe and slight damage occurred to the photosynthetic apparatus of WRS and HRS leaves, respectively, starting at Day 3 after initiating water stress. This damage was not evident on the donor side but was expressed as a reduced capacity of the acceptor side of the photosystem II reaction centers. To prevent damage from excess light, the DEPS of WRS leaf increased. Decreased gS could explain reduced water use under an irrigation strategy of partial root zone drying in fruit trees.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of horse-chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986) on photosynthesis of common horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753)

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
K. K. Holoborodko ◽  
A. A. Alekseeva ◽  
O. V. Seliutina ◽  
V. A. Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of studies on Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986 feeding on the state of the photosynthetic apparatus in Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753. The studies were carried out in June 2019 (during the life of C. ohridella first generation) on the territory of the Botanical Garden of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. Photosynthesis is one of the processes most susceptible to stress factors; important information on state of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants under influence of various abiotic and biotic factors can be obtained by fluorescence analysis. Chlorophyll fluorescence is an indicator that allow to investigate a behavior of photochemical reactions related to system II (PSII) in living objects as an indicator the most sensitive to effect of environmental factors. One of the effective methods for plant state monitoring is a technique on chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) measurement, which at the present stage can be introduced due to the use of biosensors. The objective of our study was to establish characteristics of C. ohridella vital activity on the photosynthesis process in A. hippocastanum trees using CFI evaluation technique. To diagnose photosynthesis violation of native chlorophyll in a living leaf of A. hippocastanum, we used a portable fluorometer “Floratest” (spectral range for measuring fluorescence intensity 670 to 770 nm) developed by V. M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The studies were conducted using alive A. hippocastanum leaves not damaged by C. ohridella and, accordingly, the damaged ones. Analysis of the data obtained showed that the worm feeding affects all CFI parameters (initial CFI value (non-damaged leaf: 582 relative units, damaged: 264); “plateau” CFI value (1460 to 722); maximum CFI (1890 to 940) and stationary CFI value after light adaptation of the leaf (1530 to 746)). Our studies have shown that CFI technique using “Floratest” apparatus allow express determining the general condition of the plant by assessing the main process of vital activity, namely photosynthesis. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters is a powerful and effective tool for determining the phytophage effect on the plant.

scholarly journals Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase and Source-Flow-Sink Related Attributes in Rice Genotypes Subjected to High Night Temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo S. Moura ◽  
Giovani G. Brito ◽  
Ângela D. Campos ◽  
Ítalo L. Moraes ◽  
Paulo R. R. Fagundes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) which is considered to be one of the main lines of cell acclimation against stress in plants, non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were quantified in two rice genotypes as a function of two temperature regimes: 22/30 °C (control) and 28/30 °C night/day (high night temperatures - HNT), imposed from heading to milk stage. The rice cultivars chosen were Nagina22 (N22) and BRS Querência (BRS-Quer), which are genotypes tolerant and sensitive to high temperatures, respectively. BRS-Quer genotype highlighted more sensitive responses maintaining higher PAL and peroxidase levels on seventh and twenty-first days after stress imposing. On the other hand, this genotype showed levels of fructose, glucose and sucrose decreasingly across stress period whether compared to N22. Both genotypes showed similarity for most of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. However, the photosynthesis induction curve highlighted that HNT caused decreases in some photochemical quenching of fluorescence as well as increases of non-phochemical quenching, affecting more prominently BRS-Quer genotype. N22 maintained unaltered the spikelet sterility and 1000-grain weight across temperature regimes showing a consistent trend with its stem NSC accumulation during stress period. The higher availability of soluble sugars shown by N22 at the end of stress period could be unloaded in spikelet formation and grain fillings contributing in their lower sterility rate and greater 1000-grain weight stability across the environments. These results indicate that selecting genotypes with higher capacity to stem NSC translocation beyond accumulation at HNT could lead to more grain yield stability in future climate scenarios.

scholarly journals Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in four maize genotypes influenced by first phase of salt stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
MN Uddin ◽  
MIU Hoque ◽  
S Monira ◽  
MAA Bari
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics

Responses in photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and chlorophyll content of four maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes were examined under first phase of salt stress. In the experiment four maize genotypes viz. indigenous yellow pure line, indigenous yellow, hybrid, and indigenous white were tested in two levels of salinity (control: without NaCl application; salinity: 12 dS m-1 by applying NaCl). The experiment was laid out following completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications in the net house of Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Plants were harvested on day 21 after 7 d application of full salt stress (12 dS m-1). The reductions of shoot fresh masses under salinity were 70, 57, 55 and 61% in indigenous yellow pure line, indigenous yellow, hybrid, and indigenous white, respectively. Some core physiological parameters viz. net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and the chlorophyll content decreased in all the maize genotypes except indigenous white under first phase of salt stress. In contrast, the ratio of variable fluorescence to maximal fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II significantly decreased only in indigenous yellow pure line under salinity stress. Thus the first phase of salt stress seemed to be deleterious on its response to shoot fresh mass production in all the tested four maize genotypes with the concomitant decrease in rate of photosynthesis, rate of transpiration, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content in all genotypes except indigenous white. Progressive Agriculture, Vol. 30, Suppl. 1: 26-32, 2019

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