scholarly journals Estimation of intergenerational mobility in small samples: evidence from German survey data

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 621-643
Author(s):  
Iryna Kyzyma ◽  
Olaf Groh-Samberg
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Labor Earnings ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Using Data

AbstractUsing data from the German socio-economic panel, this paper provides new evidence on intergenerational mobility in Germany by focusing on intergenerational association in ranks—i.e. positions, which parents and children occupy in their respective income distributions. We find that the association of children’s ranks with ranks of their fathers is about 0.242 for individual labor earnings and it is higher for sons than for daughters. It is also higher in East Germany compared to West Germany. The results further show that rank-based measures of mobility are less sensitive than conventional measures of intergenerational income elasticity to different methodological and sample specification choices, such as the stages of the life cycle when incomes of children and parents are measured, the number of years for which incomes are considered, the treatment of zero values in income variables and the choice of annual versus hourly earnings. Moreover, they are more robust for sub-group comparisons of intergenerational mobility (e.g. across gender and region). This evidence suggests that, similarly to large administrative datasets, rank-based measures of intergenerational mobility perform better than elasticity-based measures in small samples based on survey data.

scholarly journals Infant temperament, early-childhood parenting, and early-adolescent development: Testing alternative models of Parenting × Temperament interaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiaoya Zhang ◽  
Kristina Sayler ◽  
Sarah Hartman ◽  
Jay Belsky
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Supportive Parenting ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Parameterized Model ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Childhood Parenting ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Abstract Here we evaluate whether infant difficult temperament (6 months) functions as a vulnerability or more general plasticity factor when investigating effects of early-childhood parenting (8–42 months) on both positive and negative early-adolescent socioemotional development (age 8–11 years). Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, N = 14,541) and a re-parameterized model-testing approach to distinguish alternative person × environment conceptual models, results indicated that temperament × parenting interacted in predicting externalizing (i.e., hyperactivity, conduct problems), but not other behavior (i.e., emotional symptoms, peer problems), in a (weak) differential susceptibility manner. While more and less supportive parenting predicted, respectively, fewer and more behavior problems, it did so more strongly for children who were more difficult as infants.

Improving the Quality of Survey Data on College Campus Woman Abuse: The Contribution of a Supplementary Open-Ended Question

2020 ◽  
pp. 107780122097549
Author(s):  
Walter S. DeKeseredy ◽  
Danielle M. Stoneberg ◽  
James Nolan ◽  
Gabrielle L. Lory
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
College Campus ◽  
Woman Abuse ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Methodological Challenge ◽  
Using Data

Obtaining accurate survey data on the prevalence of woman abuse in institutions of higher education continues to be a major methodological challenge. Underreporting is difficult to overcome; yet, there may be effective ways of minimizing this problem. One is adding a supplementary open-ended question to a primarily quantitative questionnaire. Using data derived from the Campus Quality of Life Survey (CQLS), this article examines whether asking respondents to complete such a question increases the prevalence rates of four types of woman abuse and provides information on behaviors that are not included in widely used and validated measures of these harms.

A review on visual criteria of pure milk packaging for parents and their children (case study: Tehran, Iran)

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Rasouli Valajoozi ◽  
Nosrat Ollah Zangi
Keyword(s):  
Influential Factors ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Packaging Design ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Pure Milk ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare and find the significance of aesthetic standards related to the packaging design of pure milk among two groups of parents and children in order to help the designers and marketers to identify these two groups of consumers well. Design/methodology/approach – The results of questionnaire were used to get the required data. The selected samples were divided into two groups of 110 parents and children aged between seven and 14 years old who responded to the questions. The subjects were compared and evaluated within the convenience stores in the cosmopolitan city of Tehran based on four independent variables as the influential factors in packaging attractiveness. Data were analyzed through the statistical analysis software using the Independent t-test analysis. Findings – The results of analysis showed that all the variables vary significantly among these two groups. Besides, the importance and priority of variables were determined for each group based on the mean score of each variable. Originality/value – According to the results of this study, it could be concluded that the selection criteria and packaging attractiveness varies among children and parents, and the aesthetic factors of packaging could be used with different priorities for these two groups. And also at the end of research some practical recommendations are presented in order of importance based on parents’ preferences.

scholarly journals Hidden Inequality: How Much Difference Would Adjustment for Illicit Financial Flows Make to National Income Distributions?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Cobham ◽  
William Davis ◽  
Gamal Ibrahim ◽  
Andy Sumner
Keyword(s):  
National Income ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Top Incomes ◽  
Recent Innovation ◽  
Illicit Flows ◽  
Illicit Financial Flows ◽  
Using Data

AbstractA recent innovation in measuring inequality is the incorporation of adjustments to top incomes using data from tax authorities, revealing higher inequality. The thesis of this paper is that the incorporation of estimates of income from illicit financial flows (IFF), reflecting untaxed capital, may be as significant to national inequality – but with greater variation across countries. We propose a method of adjusting national inequality data for illicit flows, and present preliminary results. These estimates suggest that untaxed illicit flows could be as important as (taxed) top incomes to estimates of inequality – highlighting the importance of improving estimates of underlying illicit flows.

Decision Making in Child and Family Social Work

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Selling Point ◽  
New Research

This book presents new research on the extent to which parents and children participate in decision making when childcare social workers are involved and it considers two key meetings in depth: child protection conferences and child in care reviews. There is currently a great deal of interest in how social workers can work more effectively with families and in particular give children a voice. There is also considerable public and media interest in the child protection system, in particular relating to how children are safeguarded by social workers. This book will argue that unless we listen to (and act upon whenever possible) the views of children it is very difficult to safeguard and offer them an effective service. The unique selling point of the book will be that it is based on original solid empirical research following interviews with multiple stakeholders across two local authorities in England including children (n=75), parents (n=52), social workers (n=11, independent reviewing officers (n=8) and senior managers (n=7). This book will consider how 10 years of austerity has impacted on the child protection system and it will have a particular focus on how current practice leads to children and parents often feeling oppressed and excluded in decision making about their lives. The book promises to be authoritative and informed on issues on the ground and very relevant to both policy and practice.

Aufenthaltsdauer und Integration ausländischer Arbeiter / Duration of Residence and Integration of Foreign Workers

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlev Ipsen
Keyword(s):  
Control Sample ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Interview Study ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Duration Of Residence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Material Conditions

AbstractUsing data from an interview study of 600 Greek, Italian, and Turkish workers and a control sample of 200 Germans that has been conducted in Mannheim in 1975, it is investigated whether the duration of foreign workers’ residence in West Germany correlates with (a) an improvement of their living and work conditions (‚material integration’) and (b) the adoption of bourgeois ideologies (‚ideological integration’) or, rather, the development of class-conscious attitudes. The findings demonstrate that even long-term residence in West Germany does not lead to a notable material or ideological integration of foreign workers: their material conditions remain worse than those of the German lower class; poor material conditions lead to apathetic adaption.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Mobility at the Top of the Educational Distribution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Torche
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Doctoral Degree ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Advanced Degree ◽  
Graduate Degree ◽  
Doctorate Recipients ◽  
Educational Distribution ◽  
Women's Earnings

Research has shown that intergenerational mobility is higher among individuals with a college degree than among those with lower levels of schooling. However, mobility declines among graduate-degree holders. This finding questions the meritocratic power of higher education. Prior research has been hampered, however, by the small samples of advanced degree holders in representative surveys. Drawing on a large longitudinal dataset of PhD holders –the Survey of Doctorate Recipients– this study examines intergenerational mobility among the American educational elite, separately for men and women and different racial/ethnic groups. Results show substantial mobility among PhD holders. The association between parents’ education and adult children’s earnings is moderate among men and non-existent among women with doctoral degrees. However, women’s earnings converge to an average level that is much lower than men’s, signaling “perverse openness” for women even at the top of the educational distribution. Among men, there is variation in mobility by race and ethnicity. The intergenerational socioeconomic association is null for Asian men, small for white and black men, and more pronounced for Hispanics. Educational and occupational mediators account for intergenerational association among blacks and whites but not Hispanic men. A doctoral degree largely detaches individuals from their social origins in the United States but it does not eliminate all sources of inequality

scholarly journals Gestation at completion of prenatal questionnaires in ALSPAC

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Yasmin Iles-Caven ◽  
Kate Northstone ◽  
Jean Golding
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Time Critical ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Made In

Enrolling a cohort in pregnancy can be methodologically difficult in terms of structuring data collection. For example, some exposures of interest may be time-critical while other (often retrospective) data can be collected at any point during pregnancy.  The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prime example of a cohort where certain data were collected at specific time points and others at variable times depending on the gestation at contact.  ALSPAC aimed to enrol as many pregnant women as possible in a geographically defined area with an expected date of delivery between April 1991 and December 1992. The ideal was to enrol women as early in pregnancy as possible, and to collect information, when possible, at two fixed gestational periods (18 and 32 weeks). A variety of methods were used to enrol participants.   Approximately 80% of eligible women resident in the study area were enrolled. Gestation at enrolment ranged from 4-41 (median = 14) weeks of pregnancy. Given this variation in gestation we describe the various decisions that were made in regard to the timing of questionnaires to ensure that appropriate data were obtained from the pregnant women.  45% of women provided data during the first trimester, this is less than ideal but reflects the fact that many women do not acknowledge their pregnancy until the first trimester is safely completed. Data collection from women at specific gestations (18 and 32 weeks) was much more successful (80-85%). Unfortunately, it was difficult to obtain environmental data during the first trimester. Given the time critical nature of exposures during this trimester, researchers must take the gestational age at which environmental data was collected into account. This is particularly important for data collected using the questionnaire named ‘Your Environment’ (using data known as the A files).

scholarly journals Feasibility study of technology-enabled prevention intervention for children and families

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Slovak
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Object A ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Uk

Although digital technology has the potential to address the challenges of access, engagement, and scalability that psycho-social prevention interventions face when trying to reach families of primary school children, existing research on technology-enabled interventions for families remains limited. The aim of this qualitative pilot study was to investigate the engagement, acceptability, and initial subjective indicators of emotion regulatory effects during 1-week in-situ deployments of a low-cost, bespoke prototype, which has been designed to support children's in-the-moment emotion regulation. This prototype instantiates a novel intervention model that aims to address the existing limitations by delivering the intervention through an interactive object (a `smart toy') sent home with the child, without any prior training necessary for either the child or their carer. Ten families (altogether 11 children aged 6-10 years) were recruited from three underprivileged communities in the UK, and children were given the toy to keep at home for 7-8 days, after which we interviewed each child and their parent about their experience with the toy. Across all 10 families, participants reported that the toy was incorporated into children's emotion regulation practices and engaged with naturally in moments children wanted to relax or calm down. The data suggest acceptability of the toy from both parents and children, strong engagement and indications of emotion-regulatory effects. More broadly, our findings suggest the potential of a technology-enabled shift in how prevention interventions are designed and delivered: empowering children and parents through `child-led, situated interventions', where participants learn through actionable support directly within family life, as opposed to didactic in-person workshops and a subsequent skills application.

Competing Visions of Parental Roles and Ideological Constraint

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID C. BARKER ◽  
JAMES D. TINNICK
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Election Study ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Parental Roles ◽  
National Election Study ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
George Lakoff ◽  
Proper Power ◽  
Using Data

This paper explores the etiology of ideological constraint in the United States. In an effort to gain understanding of the ideational elements of political socialization, we concentrate on a provocative new theory put forward by cognitive linguist George Lakoff. Lakoff argues that many people reflexively envision proper power relations between citizens and government based on their understanding of proper power relations between children and parents: “nurturant” visions of parental roles engender egalitarian and humanitarian political values, whereas “disciplinarian” visions of proper parenting predict political individualism and traditionalism. Using data obtained from the 2000 National Election Study, we consider the empirical mettle of this account.

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