Pollinator sharing between mass-flowering oilseed rape and co-flowering wild plants: implications for wild plant pollination

Agricultural land use results in direct biodiversity decline through loss of natural habitat, but may also cause indirect cross-habitat effects on conservation areas. We conducted three landscape-scale field studies on 67 sites to test the hypothesis that mass flowering of oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) results in a transient dilution of bees in crop fields, and in increased competition between crop plants and grassland plants for pollinators. Abundances of bumble-bees, which are the main pollinators of the grassland plant Primula veris , but also pollinate oilseed rape (OSR), decreased with increasing amount of OSR. This landscape-scale dilution affected bumble-bee abundances strongly in OSR fields and marginally in grasslands, where bumble-bee abundances were generally low at the time of Primula flowering. Seed set of Primula veris , which flowers during OSR bloom, was reduced by 20 per cent when the amount of OSR within 1 km radius increased from 0 to 15 per cent. Hence, the current expansion of bee-attractive biofuel crops results in transient dilution of crop pollinators, which means an increased competition for pollinators between crops and wild plants. In conclusion, mass-flowering crops potentially threaten fitness of concurrently flowering wild plants in conservation areas, despite the fact that, in the long run, mass-flowering crops can enhance abundances of generalist pollinators and their pollination service.

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Oilseed Rape Shares Abundant and Generalized Pollinators with Its Co-Flowering Plant Species

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12121096 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1096

Author(s):

Amibeth Thompson ◽

Valentin Ștefan ◽

Tiffany M. Knight

Keyword(s):

Functional Traits ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Network Module ◽

Natural Areas ◽

Pollination Services ◽

Mass Flowering ◽

Resource Needs ◽

Flowering Plant Species

Mass-flowering crops, such as Oilseed Rape (OSR), provide resources for pollinators and benefit from pollination services. Studies that observe the community of interactions between plants and pollinators are critical to understanding the resource needs of pollinators. We observed pollinators on OSR and wild plants in adjacent semi-natural areas in Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany to quantify (1) the co-flowering plants that share pollinators with OSR, (2) the identity and functional traits of plants and pollinators in the network module of OSR, and (3) the identity of the plants and pollinators that act as network connectors and hubs. We found that four common plants share a high percentage of their pollinators with OSR. OSR and these plants all attract abundant pollinators in the community, and the patterns of sharing were not more than would be expected by chance sampling. OSR acts as a module hub, and primarily influences the other plants in its module that have similar functional traits. However, the plants that most influence the pollination of OSR have different functional traits and are part of different modules. Our study demonstrates that supporting the pollination of OSR requires the presence of semi-natural areas with plants that can support a high abundances of generalist pollinators.

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Shoot Multiplication and Callus Induction of Labisia pumila var. alata as Influenced by Different Plant Growth Regulators Treatments and Its Polyphenolic Activities Compared with the Wild Plant

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113229 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3229

Author(s):

Mat Yunus Najhah ◽

Hawa Z. E. Jaafar ◽

Jaafar Juju Nakasha ◽

Mansor Hakiman

Keyword(s):

Callus Induction ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Shoot Multiplication ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Nodal Segment ◽

Ms Medium ◽

In Vitro Plantlets

This study aims to investigate whether the in vitro-cultured L. pumila var. alata has higher antioxidant activity than its wild plant. An 8-week-old L. pumila var. alata nodal segment and leaf explants were cultured onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various cytokinins (zeatin, kinetin, and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)) for shoot multiplication and auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and picloram) for callus induction, respectively. The results showed that 2 mg/L zeatin produced the optimal results for shoot and leaf development, and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D produced the highest callus induction results (60%). After this, 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D was combined with 0.25 mg/L cytokinins and supplemented to the MS medium. The optimal results for callus induction (100%) with yellowish to greenish and compact texture were obtained using 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D combined with 0.25 mg/L zeatin. Leaves obtained from in vitro plantlets and wild plants as well as callus were extracted and analyzed for their antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP methods) and polyphenolic properties (total flavonoid and total phenolic content). When compared with leaf extracts of in vitro plantlets and wild plants of L. pumila var. alata, the callus extract displayed significantly higher antioxidant activities and total phenolic and flavonoid content. Hence, callus culture potentially can be adapted for antioxidant and polyphenolic production to satisfy pharmaceutical and nutraceutical needs while conserving wild L. pumila var. alata.

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Influence of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Two Terrestrial Wild Plant Species

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 335

Author(s):

Daniel Lizzi ◽

Alessandro Mattiello ◽

Alessio Adamiano ◽

Guido Fellet ◽

Emanuele Gava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerium Oxide ◽

Plant Species ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Wild Plant Species ◽

Leaf Tissues

Most current studies on the relationships between plans and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are focused on food crops, while the effects on spontaneous plants have been neglected so far. However, from an ecological perspective, the ENMs impacts on the wild plants could have dire consequences on food webs and ecosystem services. Therefore, they should not be considered less critical. A pot trial was carried out in greenhouse conditions to evaluate the growth of Holcus lanatus L. (monocot) and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. DC. (dicot) exposed to cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2). Plants were grown for their entire cycle in a substrate amended with 200 mg kg−1nCeO2 having the size of 25 nm and 50 nm, respectively. nCeO2 were taken up by plant roots and then translocated towards leaf tissues of both species. However, the mean size of nCeO2 found in the roots of the species was different. In D. tenuifolia, there was evidence of more significant particle aggregation compared to H. lanatus. Further, biomass variables (dry weight of plant fractions and leaf area) showed that plant species responded differently to the treatments. In the experimental conditions, there were recorded stimulating effects on plant growth. However, nutritional imbalances for macro and micronutrients were observed, as well.

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Diversity of wild edible plants traditionally used by the Galo tribe of Indian Eastern Himalayan state of Arunachal Pradesh

Plant Science Today ◽

10.14719/pst.2020.7.4.855 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Padma Raj Gajurel ◽

Tajum Doni

Keyword(s):

Relative Frequency ◽

Vital Role ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Wild Edible Plants ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Edible Plants ◽

Arunachal Pradesh ◽

Plant Resources ◽

Edible Plant

Wild edible plants are found very useful in the fulfilment of food and nutritional requirements. Because of the availibity and cultural preference, the consumption of these plants among the tribes is high. To find out the diversity, utilisation pattern and sociocultural importance of the wild plants, a study was conducted in the state of Arunachal Pradesh selecting the Galo tribe, and accordingly the wild edible plants consumed are documented here. Data were collected through extensive field surveys and interviews with the community in the selected 12 villages in Upper Subansiri and West Siang districts of Arunachal Pradesh. Overall, 125 wild edible plant species under 99 genera and 54 families are reported. These species are consumed mostly as leafy vegetables, fruits, medicine, spices and condiments and as a substitute to food grains. The Urticaceae with ten species is the most utilised family followed by Asteraceae, Moraceae and Lamiaceae with at least five species in each. Herbs with 47 species were found to be the most dominant growth form followed by trees with 44 species. Based on parts used leaves with 66 species were recorded to be the most used plant parts followed by fruits. The highest edibility index of 50 % was reported in Solanum americanum. The analysis of relative frequency of citation revealed that total 78 species exhibits more than 0.50 relative frequency of citation value with highest value in Pouzolzia hirta (0.95). It has been found that the wild plant resources play a vital role in the socio-economic aspects of the Galo tribe.

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Diversitas Tumbuhan Liar Pada Lahan Jagung (Zea mays L.) di Desa Bungbungan Kecamatan Bluto Kabupaten Sumenep

BIOSAINTROPIS (BIOSCIENCE-TROPIC) ◽

10.33474/e-jbst.v6i1.298 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 54-60

Author(s):

Khoiratul Hasanah ◽

Ari Hayati ◽

Hasan Zayadi

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Number Of Individuals

Wild plants are plants whose presence on agricultural land can reduce crop yields. Losses due to wild plants to cultivated plants vary depending on the type of plant cultivated, climate, species of wild plants and technical cultivation applied. This study aims to determine the diversity of wild plants in the land of maize (Zea mays L.) in Bung-bungan Village Bluto District Sumenep Regency. This method uses a descriptive exploratory method, for each wild plant found in ± 3600 m2 of corn land. Sampling of wild plants using a 4x4 m plot method. The measured data includes the number of species and the number of individuals calculating important values and diversity indices. The results of the study showed that the Shannon-Wienner Diversity Index analysis of the highest value in maize plants in plantations was found in land II, which was 2.678 indicating moderate diversity, categorized as moderate because there were not too many wild plants on maize. Keywords: Corn, diversity, wild plants, ABSTRAK Tumbuhan liar merupakan tumbuhan yang kehadirannya pada lahan pertanian dapat menurunkan hasil tanaman. Kerugian akibat tumbuhan liar terhadap tanaman budidaya beragam bergantung dari jenis tanaman yang diusahakan, iklim, jenis tumbuhan liar dan teknis budidaya yang diterapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui diversitas tumbuhan liar di lahan jagung (Zea mays L.) di Desa Bung-bungan Kecamatan Bluto Kabupaten Sumenep. Metode ini menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif, terhadap setiap tumbuhan liar yang ditemukan pada lahan jagung seluas ±3600 m2. Pengambilan sampel tumbuhan liar menggunakan metode plot berukuran 4x4 m. Data yang diukur meliputi jumlah spesies dan jumlah individu menghitung nilai penting dan indeks diversitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan analisis Indeks Keanekaragaman Shannon-Wienner tumbuhan liar nilai tertinggi pada tanaman jagung di lkebun terdapat pada lahan II yaitu 2,678 menunjukkan keanekaragaman sedang, di kategorikan sedang karena jenis tanaman liar yang ada pada lahan jagung tidak terlalu banyak. Kata kunci: Jagung, Diversitas, Tanaman liar

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Methodological Guidelines for Accurate Detection of Viruses in Wild Plant Species

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03538-15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 82 (6) ◽

pp. 1966-1975 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Christelle Lacroix ◽

Kurra Renner ◽

Ellen Cole ◽

Eric W. Seabloom ◽

Elizabeth T. Borer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Virus Detection ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Content Type ◽

Wild Plant Species ◽

Methodological Guidelines ◽

Wild Hosts

ABSTRACTEcological understanding of disease risk, emergence, and dynamics and of the efficacy of control strategies relies heavily on efficient tools for microorganism identification and characterization. Misdetection, such as the misclassification of infected hosts as healthy, can strongly bias estimates of disease prevalence and lead to inaccurate conclusions. In natural plant ecosystems, interest in assessing microbial dynamics is increasing exponentially, but guidelines for detection of microorganisms in wild plants remain limited, particularly so for plant viruses. To address this gap, we explored issues and solutions associated with virus detection by serological and molecular methods in noncrop plant species as applied to the globally importantBarley yellow dwarf virusPAV (Luteoviridae), which infects wild native plants as well as crops. With enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), we demonstrate how virus detection in a perennial wild plant species may be much greater in stems than in leaves, although leaves are most commonly sampled, and may also vary among tillers within an individual, thereby highlighting the importance of designing effective sampling strategies. With reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), we demonstrate how inhibitors in tissues of perennial wild hosts can suppress virus detection but can be overcome with methods and products that improve isolation and amplification of nucleic acids. These examples demonstrate the paramount importance of testing and validating survey designs and virus detection methods for noncrop plant communities to ensure accurate ecological surveys and reliable assumptions about virus dynamics in wild hosts.

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Antioxidant and Prebiotic Activity of Selected Edible Wild Plant Extracts

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v6n1p7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Poloko Stephen Kheoane ◽

Clemence Tarirai ◽

Tendekayi Henry Gadaga ◽

Carmen Leonard ◽

Richard Nyanzi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Acid Content ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Edible Wild Plant ◽

Edible Wild Plants ◽

Total Dietary Fibre

Edible wild plants were investigated as potential sources of antioxidants and prebiotics to benefit human health. Antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid and total dietary fibre contents were determined in edible wild plants from Lesotho, Swaziland and South Africa. Pure probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis (ATCC 25527), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (TUTBFD) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC 314) were cultured in broth containing edible wild plant extracts to assess their prebiotic activity. Cyperus esculantus had the highest arscobic acid content of 603±64.1 mg/100 g edible dry plant material followed by Rosa rubiginosa (500.8±48.8 mg/100 g). The two plants had IC50 of 10.7±0.2 µg/mL and 47.8±0.2 µg/mL for DPPH inhibition, respectively. Forty percent (40%) (n=30) of the edible wild plants had significant (p<0.01) total antioxidant activity (IC50<60 µg/mL) and high ascorbic acid content (>200 mg/100 g). Nasturtium officinale reported the highest yield for soluble fibre (25%) while Hypoxis hirsute had the highest total dietary fibre content (7.3%). Rorippa nudiuscula enhanced the growth of B. animalis significantly (p=0.001), 8-fold more than inulin. Chenopodium album and Urtica dioica stimulated the growth of L. rhamnosus significantly (p=0.0001) than inulin, respectfully, while Tragopogon porrifolius significantly (p=0.0001) stimulated the growth of L. acidophilus than inulin. It was concluded that the investigated edible wild plants from southern Africa have antioxidant and prebiotic properties that may be beneficial to human health.

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Life on the Edge: Geminiviruses at the Interface Between Crops and Wild Plant Hosts

Annual Review of Virology ◽

10.1146/annurev-virology-092818-015536 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 411-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Fernando García-Arenal ◽

Francisco Murilo Zerbini

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Crop Plants ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Emerging Pathogens ◽

Epidemiological Features ◽

Virus Emergence

Viruses constitute the largest group of emerging pathogens, and geminiviruses (plant viruses with circular, single-stranded DNA genomes) are the major group of emerging plant viruses. With their high potential for genetic variation due to mutation and recombination, their efficient spread by vectors, and their wide host range as a group, including both wild and cultivated hosts, geminiviruses are attractive models for the study of the evolutionary and ecological factors driving virus emergence. Studies on the epidemiological features of geminivirus diseases have traditionally focused primarily on crop plants. Nevertheless, knowledge of geminivirus infection in wild plants, and especially at the interface between wild and cultivated plants, is necessary to provide a complete view of their ecology, evolution, and emergence. In this review, we address the most relevant aspects of geminivirus variability and evolution in wild and crop plants and geminiviruses’ potential to emerge in crops.

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The problem of introduction of rare and endangered plants of the middle Urals’ flora

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202017603008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 176 ◽

pp. 03008

Author(s):

M. Y. Karpukhin ◽

A. V. Abramchuk

Keyword(s):

Wild Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Middle Urals ◽

Human Beings ◽

Seed Formation ◽

The Middle Urals ◽

Rare And Endangered Species ◽

Wild Plant Species ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Rare And Endangered

The problem of gene pool protection of wild plant species has gained a special relevance in modern times. In connection with the growth of population there is an increase in economic activity of human beings and their active influence on nature: wild lands plowing, overpasses plotting, construction of new and widening the boundaries of existing settlements. In addition, intensive harvesting of plants as medicinal, decorative, food, forage, etc is in progress. All this has a negative effect on the condition of wild plants: their stocks are declining, and some species are disappearing at all. A number of plants such as: spring adonis (Adonis vernalis L.), martagon lily [Liliumpilosisculum(Freyn)) Miscz,L.], butterfly orchid [Platantherabifolia(L.) Rchb], PaeoniaanomalaL. , rosewort (Rhodiolarosea L.) in their status, they belong to the group of rare and endangered species, they are listed in the Red Book of the Middle Urals, and their conservation requires introduction. The study found that the species studied are culturally resistant, adapting well to new conditions. During the growth process, they went through all phenological phases, ending the development cycle with the fruiting phase with seed formation. Seeds with high enough sowing properties was provided by martagon lily, for which self-seeding is characteristic; low germination of seeds is noted in Rhodiolarosea L. and Platantherabifolia (L.) Rchb.

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