Impact of rapid urbanization on the surface water’s quality: a long-term environmental and physicochemical investigation of Tajan river, Iran (2007–2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 8439-8450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Vatanpour ◽  
Amir Mohammad Malvandi ◽  
Hossein Hedayati Talouki ◽  
Paola Gattinoni ◽  
Laura Scesi
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Physicochemical Investigation ◽  
Tajan River

scholarly journals Satellite Imaging and Long-Term Mosquito Surveillance Implicate the Influence of Rapid Urbanization on Culex Vector Populations

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Eleanor N. Field ◽  
Ryan E. Tokarz ◽  
Ryan C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Mosquito Surveillance

The ecology and environmental conditions of a habitat have profound influences on mosquito population abundance. As a result, mosquito species vary in their associations with particular habitat types, yet long-term studies showing how mosquito populations shift in a changing ecological landscape are lacking. To better understand how land use changes influence mosquito populations, we examined mosquito surveillance data over a thirty-four-year period for two contrasting sites in central Iowa. One site displayed increasing levels of urbanization over time and a dramatic decline in Culex pipiens group (an informal grouping of Culex restuans, Culex pipiens, and Culex salinarius, referred to as CPG), the primary vectors of West Nile virus in central Iowa. Similar effects were also shown for other mosquito vector populations, yet the abundance of Aedes vexans remained constant during the study period. This is in contrast to a second site, which reflected an established urban landscape. At this location, there were no significant changes in land use and CPG populations remained constant. Climate data (temperature, total precipitation) were compiled for each location to see if these changes could account for altered population dynamics, but neither significantly influence CPG abundance at the respective site locations. Taken together, our data suggest that increased landscape development can have negative impacts on Culex vector populations, and we argue that long-term surveillance paired with satellite imagery analysis are useful methods for measuring the impacts of rapid human development on mosquito vector communities. As a result, we believe that land use changes can have important implications for mosquito management practices, population modeling, and disease transmission dynamics.

Temporary versus Permanent Population Mobility in Melanesia: A Case Study from Vanuatu

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 806-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Haberkorn
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Predominant Form ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Contemporary Reality

Melanesia's urban population tripled from a mere 7 percent of the region's total population in 1955 to 20 percent by 1985. The recency and magnitude of this development and the absence of any established forms of urban living in the region's precolonial history virtually rules out natural population growth as the principal cause behind this process of rapid urbanization and suggests massive internal population mobility as the most likely cause. The overall picture conveyed by the Melanesian mobility literature, however, emphasizes rural-based circular mobility as the predominant form of population mobility in the region. Seeking to reconcile this contrast, this article argues that much of the alleged continued predominance of circular mobility owes more to its underlying operationalizations, ways of measurement, and theoretical conceptualizations than reflects contemporary reality. This argument is substantiated by an analysis of recent developments in Vanuatu mobility set in the local and historical conditions of migration from the island of Paama. It is demonstrated how specific structural transformations on the island and in urban areas throughout this century were not only conducive to a change from temporary to long-term or permanent rural absences, but how they also have emerged as the direct result of mobility, thus highlighting the latter's dialectical nature. Evidence for this mobility change is derived from a comparative analysis of lifetime mobility histories of urban and rural Paamese men and women.

scholarly journals Estimating 2009–2017 Impervious Surface Change in Gwadar, Pakistan Using the HJ-1A/B Constellation, GF-1/2 Data, and the Random Forest Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bian ◽  
Li ◽  
Zuo ◽  
Lei ◽  
Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Rapid Urbanization

The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is the flagship project of the Belt and Road Initiative. At the end of the CPEC, the Gwadar port on the Arabian Sea is being built quickly, providing an important economical route for the flow of Central Asia’s natural resources to the world. Gwadar city is in a rapid urbanization process and will be developed as a modern, world-class port city in the near future. Therefore, monitoring the urbanization process of Gwadar at both high spatial and temporal resolution is vital for its urban planning, city ecosystem management, and the sustainable development of CPEC. The impervious surface percentage (ISP) is an essential quantitative indicator for the assessment of urban development. Through the integration of remote sensing images and ISP estimation models, ISP can be routinely and periodically estimated. However, due to clouds’ influence and spatial–temporal resolution trade-offs in sensor design, it is difficult to estimate the ISP with both high spatial resolution and dense temporal frequency from only one satellite sensor. In recent years, China has launched a series of Earth resource satellites, such as the HJ (Huangjing, which means environment in Chinese)-1A/B constellation, showing great application potential for rapid Earth surface mapping. This study employs the Random Forest (RF) method for a long-term and fine-scale ISP estimation and analysis of the city of Gwadar, based on the density in temporal and multi-source Chinese satellite images. In the method, high spatial resolution ISP reference data partially covering Gwadar city was first extracted from the 1–2 meter (m) GF (GaoFen, which means high spatial resolution in Chinese)-1/2 fused images. An RF retrieval model was then built based on the training samples extracted from ISP reference data and multi-temporal 30-m HJ-1A/B satellite images. Lastly, the model was used to generate the 30-m time series ISP from 2009 to 2017 for the whole city area based on the HJ-1A/B images. Results showed that the mean absolute error of the estimated ISP was 6.1–8.1% and that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the estimation results was 12.82–15.03%, indicating the consistently high performance of the model. This study highlights the feasibility and potential of using multi-source Chinese satellite images and an RF model to generate long-term ISP estimations for monitoring the urbanization process of the key node city in the CPEC.

scholarly journals Air Pollution Measurements and Land-Use Regression in Urban Sub-Saharan Africa Using Low-Cost Sensors—Possibilities and Pitfalls

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1357
Author(s):  
Asmamaw Abera ◽  
Kristoffer Mattisson ◽  
Axel Eriksson ◽  
Erik Ahlberg ◽  
Geremew Sahilu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Land Use Regression ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Sub Saharan

Air pollution is recognized as the most important environmental factor that adversely affects human and societal wellbeing. Due to rapid urbanization, air pollution levels are increasing in the Sub-Saharan region, but there is a shortage of air pollution monitoring. Hence, exposure data to use as a base for exposure modelling and health effect assessments is also lacking. In this study, low-cost sensors were used to assess PM2.5 (particulate matter) levels in the city of Adama, Ethiopia. The measurements were conducted during two separate 1-week periods. The measurements were used to develop a land-use regression (LUR) model. The developed LUR model explained 33.4% of the variance in the concentrations of PM2.5. Two predictor variables were included in the final model, of which both were related to emissions from traffic sources. Some concern regarding influential observations remained in the final model. Long-term PM2.5 and wind direction data were obtained from the city’s meteorological station, which should be used to validate the representativeness of our sensor measurements. The PM2.5 long-term data were however not reliable. Means of obtaining good reference data combined with longer sensor measurements would be a good way forward to develop a stronger LUR model which, together with improved knowledge, can be applied towards improving the quality of health. A health impact assessment, based on the mean level of PM2.5 (23 µg/m3), presented the attributable burden of disease and showed the importance of addressing causes of these high ambient levels in the area.

Study on Living Space of Landless Peasants after Dismantling Villages and Setting up Urban Communities - The Case of Hubin Community in the New Zone of Wuhan

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 1817-1821
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Yue Li
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Habitat Model ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Statistical Analysis Method ◽  
Urbanization In China ◽  
Object Of Study

On the background of rapid urbanization in China, the peasants in urban fringe have become a special group because of losing land. The long-term natural agriculture economy was broken during the urbanization process, their habitat model therefore has also changed from traditional dispersed communities into "dismantling villages and setting up urban communities", which is the key field of theoretical research of current urban planning. This paper taking Hubin Community, the new "dismantling villages and setting up urban communities community" in the new zone of Wuhan, as the object of study, analyzes the changes of the peasants’ living spaces after "dismantling villages and setting up urban communities" by means of field research and statistical analysis method. And hoping this can offer references to the planning of relevant region.

scholarly journals The role of green space in the urbanization of Hanoi city

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 01013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Tuan Le ◽  
Thi Anh Tuyet Cao ◽  
Nguyen Anh Quan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Cooling Efficiency ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Excess Temperature ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Earth

Rapid urbanization causes significant changes on the earth surface directly and internal itself temperature. The transformation of land use purposes crucially affects the surface temperature and exacerbates the effect of the negative heat island. It is necessary to develope a long-term strategy optimize urban cooling. In this study, the determinated object is Hanoi - city - a widen urbanized city in Vietnam. The authors proposed, defined and calculated the concept of cooling efficiency and threshold values. The results show that the surface heat capacity increases in proportion to the reduction of green space. Plots with excess temperature difference of the ground surface of 4.34 ℃ with reduced green space.

scholarly journals Does diabetes blight work productivity: A cross-sectional investigation on selected Type 2 diabetes participants

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 043-046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivapriya Thiyagarajan ◽  
Sheila John
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Productivity Measure

Abstract Background: Diabetes is one of the leading global health predicaments of the 21st century. Due to rapid urbanization and lifestyle changes, more and more people become victim to diabetes every year. Many countries spend a chunk of their total health expenditure on diabetes. Thus, the disease is a major challenge for individuals, their families, and the healthcare system. It has become a hurdle to sustainable economic development as it cripples productivity. Methodology: With this background, the daily routine, work place productivity, and accomplishment of goals, both short- and long-term, were assessed for 200 diabetic subjects using a diabetes productivity measure. Results: Since Type 2 diabetes subjects with 1-3 years of disease duration and without any comorbid conditions were selected for this study, 44% indicated that diabetes slightly had an impact on their long-term goal whereas 2% identified that diabetes was a burden and it prohibited them from achieving their long-term goals. Conclusion: Massive education and awareness programs are crucial to improve the diagnosis and management of all types of diabetes and to embed lifestyle changes that will slow the rise in Type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Analysis of linear long-term trend of aerosol optical thickness derived from SeaWiFS using BAER over Europe and South China

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 12149-12167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yoon ◽  
W. von Hoyningen-Huene ◽  
M. Vountas ◽  
J. P. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Optical Thickness ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Aerosol Optical Thickness ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
General Terms

Abstract. The main purposes of the present paper are not only to investigate linear long-term trends of Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) at 443 and 555 nm over regions in Europe and South China, but also to show the uncertainty caused by cloud disturbance in the trend analysis of cloud-free aerosol. These research areas are the densely urbanised and often highly polluted regions. The study uses the Bremen AErosol Retrieval (BAER) and Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data for AOT retrievals in the specified regions from October 1997 to May 2008. In order to validate the individually retrieved AOTs and the corresponding trends, AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) level 2.0 data have been used. The retrieved AOTs were in good agreement with those of AERONET (0.79 ≤ R ≤ 0.88, 0.08 ≤ RMSD ≤ 0.13). The contamination of the aerosol retrievals and/or AERONET observations by thin clouds can significantly degrade the AOT and lead to statistically non-representative monthly-means, especially during cloudy seasons. Therefore an inter-correction method has been developed and applied. The "corrected" trends for both BAER SeaWiFS and AERONET AOT were similar and showed in average a relative difference of ∼25.19%. In general terms, negative trends (decrease of aerosol loading) were mainly observed over European regions, with magnitudes up to −0.00453 and −0.00484 yr−1 at 443 and 555 nm, respectively. In contrast, the trend in Pearl River Delta was positive, most likely attributed to rapid urbanization and industrialization. The magnitudes of AOT increased by +0.00761 and +0.00625 yr−1 respectively at 443 and 555 nm.

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