scholarly journals Support for the Death Penalty in Taiwan?: a Study of Value Conflict and Ambivalence

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susyan Jou ◽  
Bill Hebenton
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Value Conflict ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

AbstractWhile a substantial number of studies have examined public opinion on the death penalty in the USA, and more recently parts of Asia, including China, very few empirical studies have considered support for the death penalty in Taiwan. This paper examines public attitudes in Taiwan and the role of ‘value conflict’ in attitudes to both death penalty abolition and in the context of alternatives. Using the results of 1016 respondents drawn from a national face-to-face sample (n = 2039) survey conducted by the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) in 2014, we demonstrate that public attitudes in Taiwan are simultaneously committed to many underlying values in conflict. The results also indicate that value conflict exists among the majority of the sample (more than 60 per cent) who are prepared to accept alternatives to abolition, and whom we can describe as ambivalent. Recognition of value conflict, ambivalence and the moral psychology underpinning public attitudes to the death penalty is essential, not only conceptually but to allow for a more appropriate and nuanced understanding of the abolitionist/retentionist debate.

Intervention and Intransitivity: Public Opinion, Social Choice, and the Use of Military Force Abroad

1995 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Taylor Gaubatz
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Choice ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
The Impact

This article argues that the problems identified in the literature on public choice should critically affect our research on public opinion and our understanding of the impact of public opinion on foreign policy. While a robust literature has emerged around social choice issues in political science, there has been remarkably little appreciation for these problems in the literature on public opinion in general and on public opinion and foreign policy in particular. The potential importance of social choice problems for understanding the nature and role of public opinion in foreign policy making is demonstrated through an examination of American public attitudes about military intervention abroad. In particular, drawing on several common descriptions of the underlying dimensionality of public attitudes on major foreign policy issues, it is shown that there may be important intransitivities in the ordering of public preferences at the aggregate level on policy choices such as those considered by American decision makers in the period leading up to the Gulf War. Without new approaches to public-opinion polling that take these problems into consideration, it will be difficult to make credible claims about the role of public opinion in theforeignpolicy process.

scholarly journals Media framing of human trafficking

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Anđelija Đukić
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Media Framing ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Media Frames ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Media

In recent decades, there has been notably increased engagement of the international community in combating human trafficking, which has also been contributed by the media. The role of the media is reflected in building certain public attitudes and influencing political decision-making. Based on the selected literature, the paper considers the media framing of human trafficking from the 1990s to the present. The media decides on how to approach trafficking, content and causes, information sources, generating and presenting alternative solutions process, as well as motivational procedures for initiating actions of the public and politicians, thus creating diagnostic, prognostic and motivational frames. Based on the research, it is concluded that media frames of human trafficking are not holistic but segmental, and instead of a comprehensive approach, stereotypes are presented in which trafficking is identified with sexual exploitation or considered as the consequence of migration or organized crime actions. This harms the victims, makes the identification of all perpetrators difficult, and narrows the focus of the suppression efforts. It is noted that in the relations between the media, the public and the authorities, in the process of creating a policy and implementing solutions for combating, there are significant influences of policy-makers on media framing, and thus on public attitudes, which provides support and legitimacy of current or future political decisions. In order to illustrate the diversity of media representation of human trafficking, as a COM-plex phenomenon and the possibility of different analyses of media framing, the main findings of several studies in the USA, EU, and Serbia are presented.

The Role of Public Opinion in the “Jackson Era” in the USA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Алентьева ◽  
Tat'yana Alent'eva
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Political History ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Usa ◽  
First Time

The monograph first explores American public opinion as the most important factor in social and political life in the "Jackson era." Of particular value is the study of the struggle of opinions within the bipartisan system, both in the South and in the North. Against the background of a broad canvas of socio-economic and political history, the first analysis of the state and development of public opinion in the USA is given, successively from the presidential election of 1824 to the defeat of the Democrats in the presidential election of 1840, when their opponents, the Whigs, came to power for the first time.

scholarly journals American Attitudes Toward COVID-19: More Trumpism Than Partisanship

2021 ◽  
pp. 1532673X2110462
Author(s):  
Neeraj Kaushal ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
Robert Y. Shapiro ◽  
Jennifer So
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Personal Vulnerability

We investigate how support for President Donald Trump, beyond partisanship, guided Americans’ attitudes toward COVID-19. This speaks to not just how “Trumpism” and the Trump administration’s handling of the pandemic influenced public attitudes but to the larger issue of how Trump’s hold on voters within and beyond the Republican Party provides further evidence that leaders surpass the role of parties in influencing public opinion. Using longitudinal data with individual fixed-effects, we find that from the start of the pandemic, support for Trump above and beyond partisanship drove public attitudes capturing skepticism toward COVID-19, fears of personal vulnerability, compliance with public-safety measures, and viewing the pandemic in racist terms. Between March and August 2020, this gulf in attitudes between Trump voters and non-supporters, and between Republicans and Democrats, widened; the widening was more pronounced between Trump voters and non-supporters. Trump’s influence on Independents and non-voters also grew over the same period. While the use of terms like “China virus” was related to partisanship and support for Trump, we find an increase in awareness across groups that these terms were racist.

scholarly journals Physicians’ perceptions of followership in resuscitation in Japan and the USA: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e047860
Author(s):  
Yoko Akamine ◽  
Rintaro Imafuku ◽  
Takuya Saiki ◽  
Jannet Lee-Jayaram ◽  
Benjamin W Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Speaking Up ◽  
Successful Resuscitation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Tone Of Voice

ObjectivesWhile leadership is accepted as a crucial aspect of a successful resuscitation team, the role of followership has not been sufficiently explored. This study aims to explore physicians’ perceptions of common favourable followership in resuscitation teams in two different countries.DesignA qualitative study with interviews and a reflexive thematic analysis.SettingThe authors individually interviewed critical care and emergency physicians whose clinical experience exceeded 6 years in Japan and the USA.ParticipantsA total of 18 physicians participated in a face-to-face, semistructured and in-depth interviews.ResultsFive themes and nine subthemes related to followership in resuscitation were identified. Under technical skills, two themes (being knowledgeable and skilled) and three subthemes (understanding guidelines/algorithms, clinical course and being competent with procedural skills), were generated. Under non-technical skills, three themes (assuming roles, team communication and flattening hierarchy) and six subthemes (taking roles spontaneously, calm tone of voice, sharing information, closed-loop communication, respectful attitude and speaking up), were generated. Each generated theme involved commonly perceived favourable attributes of followership in resuscitation teams by experienced critical care and emergency physicians in both countries.ConclusionsThis study clarified physicians’ perception of common favourable followership attributes in resuscitation teams, both in Japan and in the USA. The results of this study shed light on followership-focused resuscitation education, where followership skills are generally underestimated.

Issues and Challenges for Teaching Successful Online Courses in Higher Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansureh Kebritchi ◽  
Angie Lipschuetz ◽  
Lilia Santiague
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Online Learners ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Content Development

Online education changes all components of teaching and learning in higher education. Many empirical studies have been conducted to examine issues in delivering online courses; however, few have synthesized prior studies and provided an overview on issues in online courses. A review of literature using Cooper’s framework was conducted to identify such issues. Three major categories of findings were identified: issues related to online learners, instructors, and content development. Learners’ issues included learners’ expectations, readiness, identity, and participation in online courses. Instructors’ issues included changing faculty roles, transitioning from face-to-face to online, time management, and teaching styles. Content issues included the role of instructors in content development, integration of multimedia in content, role of instructional strategies in content development, and considerations for content development. To address these challenges in online education, higher education institutions need to provide professional development for instructors, trainings for learners, and technical support for content development.

Exploring the Temporal Dimension in Cancer Patients' Experiences of Nonbiomedical Therapeutics

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1650-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Broom ◽  
Philip Tovey
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Over Time

To date, research on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use by cancer patients has tended to provide a “snapshot” of experience, with little attention given to the evolution of experience over time. Drawing on data from solicited diaries, this article examines individual cancer patients' temporal experiences of CAM. Our findings suggest that experiences of CAM are variable over time and space, and furthermore, that the everyday act of “doing CAM” is considerably more problematic than is often reported in face-to-face interview or survey studies. This is explored in relation to the tension between the perceived need for restrictive self-discipline alongside a sense of the emancipatory potential of CAM; the role of CAM therapists in reconceptualizing disease; and the complex interplay between CAM-derived notions of self-healing and acceptance of individual mortality. We argue that an emphasis on the temporality of cancer patients' CAM engagement is necessary to access a more nuanced understanding of the lived experiences of cancer patients.

The Role of Intranets to Facilitate Designer/Client Communication

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Challice ◽  
Peter Hogarth
Keyword(s):  
Market Place ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
High Street ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Client Communication ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
The Right ◽  
E Mail

Abstract Speed of product to the market place was always important. This has become increasingly so with the onslaught of globalisation. What is released on the High Street in the USA today will be sold on the shelves and counters of shops in other continents within days. This has placed pressure on the designer to complete his task or contract with even more alacrity than was the case, even as recently as ten years ago. The cliché “we have the Technology”, is a truism in the world of manufacturing and design, but use of the available technology is, perhaps, not as apparent as it is generally accepted to be. In order to get the product to the market at the right price demands an ever closer liaison between the product designer and the client. More often than not, the “product” is an enhancement or improvement of one which already exists. In addition, it is not unusual for the designer to be a contractor or 3rd party not physically resident in the premises of the client. As a consequence, communication is rarely conducted face to face but via other means, ie e-mail, telephone etc. Yet, in order to prevent misunderstanding, it is essential that correct information is relayed between the relevant parties. It is also necessary for the information about changes in the product to be available to other members of the client’s company so that the necessary decisions regarding price, sales schedules, re-tooling etc. can be made. Ultimately, these changes will have to be incorporated in the company’s Business Plan. Research at Bournemouth University suggests that use of the technology available to relay information is not as widespread as it could be. The three major areas of finance, product and design have been approached and the results of the research appear below.

THE ROLE OF GESTURE IN DOCUMENT EXPLANATION BY EMBODIED CONVERSATIONAL AGENTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY BICKMORE ◽  
LAURA PFEIFER ◽  
LANGXUAN YIN
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Embodied Conversational Agents ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Hand Gestures ◽  
Embodied Conversational Agent ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Low Levels

We describe two empirical studies of how professionals explain documents to lay clients who have varying levels of knowledge about the domain under discussion. We find that hand gestures, and in particular deictic gestures by the professional at various parts of the document play a major role in explanations of documents with clients in face-to-face settings. We describe a preliminary computational model of document explanation by an embodied conversational agent, in which appropriate form and location of hand gestures are used by the agent in explaining a document to a user. Results from a pilot evaluation study indicate that individuals with low levels of domain knowledge prefer receiving explanations from such an agent rather than from a human. Examples are drawn from the healthcare domain, in which research consent forms and hospital discharge instruction forms are used as the documents being explained, and health literacy is used as the measure of client domain knowledge.

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