scholarly journals Phytochemical studies on traditional herbal medicines based on the ethnopharmacological information obtained by field studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naonobu Tanaka ◽  
Yoshiki Kashiwada
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

AbstractTraditional herbal medicines, which have been used in the matured traditional medical systems as well as those have been used in ethnic medical systems, are invaluable resources of drug seeds. Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological survey may provide useful information of these herbal medicines, which are valuable for searching new bioactive molecules. From this viewpoint, we have been performing the ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological field studies in Yunnan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, and Mongolia. Phytochemical studies on traditional herbal medicines were performed based on the information obtained by our ethnobotanical survey. Herbal medicines used in Uzbekistan and Bangladesh were also investigated on the basis of the ethnopharmacological information obtained from collaborative researchers in the respective regions. Some studies were carried out for searching active substance(s) based on bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation. Over 150 new molecules were isolated in these studies, and their various biological activities were also demonstrated. This review summarizes the results of phytochemical studies of those traditional herbal medicines as well as biological activities of the isolated molecules. Graphic abstract

Current Advances in the Biological Activity of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium with Intriguing Therapeutic Potential

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 1663-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ting Lee ◽  
Heng-Chun Kuo ◽  
Yung-Hsiang Chen ◽  
Ming-Yen Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

The polysaccharides in many plants are attracting worldwide attention because of their biological activities and medical properties, such as anti-viral, anti-oxidative, antichronic inflammation, anti-hypertensive, immunomodulation, and neuron-protective effects, as well as anti-tumor activity. Denodrobium species, a genus of the family orchidaceae, have been used as herbal medicines for hundreds of years in China due to their pharmacological effects. These effects include nourishing the Yin, supplementing the stomach, increasing body fluids, and clearing heat. Recently, numerous researchers have investigated possible active compounds in Denodrobium species, such as lectins, phenanthrenes, alkaloids, trigonopol A, and polysaccharides. Unlike those of other plants, the biological effects of polysaccharides in Dendrobium are a novel research field. In this review, we focus on these novel findings to give readers an overall picture of the intriguing therapeutic potential of polysaccharides in Dendrobium, especially those of the four commonly-used Denodrobium species: D. huoshanense, D. offininale, D. nobile, and D. chrysotoxum.

Majra Honey Abrogated the Normal and Cancer Cells Proliferation Inhibition by Juniperus procera Extract and Extract/Honey Generated AgNPs

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 970-981
Author(s):  
Hamed A. Ghramh ◽  
Essam H. Ibrahim ◽  
Mona Kilnay
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Splenic Cells ◽  
Juniperus Procera

Background: Juniperus procera and Majra honey are well-known as a folk medicine in many countries. Objectives: This work aimed to study the immunomodulatory effects after mixing Majra honey, J. procera water leaves extract and silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) on immune or cancer cells. Methods: Juniperus procera water leaves extract and 20% Majra honey were prepared. Both the extract and honey were used separately to synthesize AgNPs. AgNPs were characterized using UV/Vis spectrophotometry and electron microscopy. Bioactive molecules in honey and the extract were explored using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Protein profile of honey was explored using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate- Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and honey sugar content was determined using High- Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Biological activities of honey and the extract were tested. Results: The results demonstrated the ability of the extract/honey to produce AgNPs in a spherical shape. The extract/honey contained many functional groups. SDS-PAGE of Majra honey showed many protein bands. HPLC revealed honey is of good quality and no external additives are added to it. The extract and extract+ AgNPs inhibited the growth of normal rat splenic cells while honey stimulated it. The extract+honey turned stimulatory to the splenic cells’ growth and significantly diminished the inhibitory potential of the extract containing AgNPs. Both the extract and honey have antimicrobial activities, this potential increased in the presence of AgNPs. Honey and Honey+AgNPs inhibited HepG2 cancer cell proliferation while Hela cell growth inhibited only with honey+AgNPs. Conclusion: Both honey and the extract have antibacterial and immunomodulatory potentials as well as the power to produce AgNPs. Majra honey alone showed anticancer activity against HepGe2 cells, but not against Hela cells, and when contained AgNPs had anticancer activity on both cell lines. Mixing of Majra honey with J. procera extract showed characterized immunomodulatory potentials that can be described as immunostimulant.

Ginger and Heart Health: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Fakhri ◽  
Jayanta Kumar Patra ◽  
Swagat Kumar Das ◽  
Gitishree Das ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Majnooni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
National Database ◽  
Heart Health ◽  
Natural Entities ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects

Background: As a major cause of morbidity and mortality, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are globally increasing. In spite of recent development in the management of cardiovascular complications, CVDs have remained a medical challenge. Numerous conventional drugs are used to play cardioprotective roles; however, they are associated with several side effects. Considering the rich phytochemistry and fewer side effects of herbal medicines, they have gained particular attention to develop novel herbal drugs with cardioprotective potentials. Amongst natural entities, ginger is an extensively used and well-known functional food and condiment, possessing plentiful bioactivities, like antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties in several disorders management. Objective: The current review deliberated phytochemical properties as well as the ginger/ginger constituents' biological activities and health benefits in several diseases, with particular attention to cardiovascular complications. Methods: A comprehensive research was conducted using multiple databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, national database (Irandoc and SID), and related articles in terms of the health benefits and cardioprotective effects of ginger/ginger constituents. These data were collected from inception until August 2019. Results: In recent years, several herbal medicines were used to develop new drugs with more potency and also minor side effects. Amongst natural entities, ginger is an extensively used traditional medicine in several diseases. The crude extract, along with related pungent active constituents, is mostly attributed to heart health. The cardioprotective effects of ginger are contributed to its cardiotonic, antihypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-platelet effects. The signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of ginger regarding its cardioprotective effects are also clarified. Conclusion: This study revealed the biological activities, health benefits, and cardioprotective properties of ginger/ginger constituents along with related mechanisms of action, which gave new insights to show new avenue in the treatment of CVDs.

Two new species of the Rhopalopsole magnicerca group (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) from China

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4388 (3) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
RAORAO MO ◽  
GUOQUAN WANG ◽  
DING YANG ◽  
WEIHAI LI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Two New Species

Two leuctrid species of the Rhopalopsole magnicerca group are described as new, R. brevicula sp. nov. and R. jizushana sp. nov. from the Guangxi Autonomous Region of southern China, bordering Vietnam and Yunnan Province of southwestern China, respectively. The new species are compared with related taxa. 

scholarly journals A multidisciplinary approach to the study of the fluminense vegetation

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALPHONSE KELECOM ◽  
GEISA L. REIS ◽  
PAULO C.A. FEVEREIRO ◽  
JANIE G. SILVA ◽  
MARCELO G. SANTOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Clusia Hilariana ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Landscape Gardening

The fluminense vegetation, more specifically the flora from the Jurubatiba restinga has been investigated by a multidisciplinary team of botanists, chemist, radiobiologist, insect physiologists and geneticist. Vouchers of 564 specimens have been collected, identified, organized in an herbarium, and a database is being build up containing, in addition to classical botanical data, chemical data and information on the potential economic use either for landscape gardening, alternative foods or as medicinal plants. Phytochemical studies of the Guttiferae, Clusia hilariana, yielded oleanolic acid and nemorosone. Their biological activities against the haematophagous insect Rhodnius prolixus vector of Chagas disease have been investigated. Finally, it has been observed that aquatic plants possessed high levels of the natural radionuclide polonium-210, which seems to be originated mainly from soil rather than from atmospheric supply.

scholarly journals The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants

Medicines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Setzer
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Black Cohosh ◽  
Cimicifuga Racemosa ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Aromatic And Medicinal Plants ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Background: Native Americans have had a rich ethnobotanical heritage for treating diseases, ailments, and injuries. Cherokee traditional medicine has provided numerous aromatic and medicinal plants that not only were used by the Cherokee people, but were also adopted for use by European settlers in North America. Methods: The aim of this review was to examine the Cherokee ethnobotanical literature and the published phytochemical investigations on Cherokee medicinal plants and to correlate phytochemical constituents with traditional uses and biological activities. Results: Several Cherokee medicinal plants are still in use today as herbal medicines, including, for example, yarrow (Achillea millefolium), black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), and blue skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora). This review presents a summary of the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities of Cherokee aromatic and medicinal plants. Conclusions: The list is not complete, however, as there is still much work needed in phytochemical investigation and pharmacological evaluation of many traditional herbal medicines.

AN UPDATE ON THE SYNTHESIS OF BENZOXAZOLES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothi M ◽  
Ramchander Merugu
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Benzoxazoles being structurally similar to bases adenine and guanine interact with biomolecules present in living systems. These compounds possess antimicrobial, central nervous system activities, antihyperglycemic potentiating activity, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity. It can also be used as starting material for other bioactive molecules. Modifications in structure and the biological profiles of new generations of benzoxazoles were found to be more potent with enhanced biological activity. Considering all these, we have prepared this review and discussed the synthesis and biological activities of benzoxazoles.

scholarly journals Determination of in Vivo Biological Activities of Dodonaea Viscosa Flowers Against CCL4 Toxicity in Albino Mice With Bioactive Compound Detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Gul ◽  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
Salina Saddick ◽  
Falak Sher Khan ◽  
Muhammad Gulfraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Dodonaea Viscosa

Abstract Dodonaea viscosa L. Jacq. is an evergreen shrub and native to Asia, Africa and Australia. It has been used as traditional medicine in different countries. The foremost objective of the current study was to discover protective potential of D. Viscosa flowers Methanol (DVM) and Chloroform (DVC) extracts against CCL4 induced toxicity in mice. This study was intended to identify phytochemicals through HPLC, GCMS and FT-IR as well as in vitro antioxidant and in vitro antituberculosis activity. Our comprehensive findings indicate that Dodonaea viscosa is valuable and widespread herbal medicines through therapeutic potentials for curing various ailments. Dodonaea viscosa flowers are found to have protective effect against oxidative stress produced by CCL4 in liver, kidney and spleen. The level of hepatic enzymes (ALP, AST ALT and Direct bilirubin), hematological parameters (RBCs, WBCs and Platelets), total protein and liver antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx and CAT) were restored by the intake of DV extracts after decline in levels by CCL4. Histopathological results discovered the defensive effect of 300mg/kg of DVM extract against CCL4 induced damage, thus having improved protective effect as compared to DVC and control. As a result of analysis total flavonoids and total phenolics were also revealed. Phytochemical investigation by HPLC identified gallic acid, epicatechin, cumeric acid, flavonoids while Oleic acid (Octadecenoic acid) (C18H34O2), Stearic acid (C18H36O2), Ricinoleic acid (C18H34O3) and Cedrol (C15H26O) was estimated by GCMS. DVM extract exhibited resistance against in vitro Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. This study proposed that protective effect of DV against oxidative damage induced in Liver, Kidney and Spleen can possibly be correlated to their antioxidant as well as free radical scavenging property.

scholarly journals Hunting Bioactive Molecules from the Agave Genus: An Update on Extraction and Biological Potential

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6789
Author(s):  
Misael Bermúdez-Bazán ◽  
Gustavo Adolfo Castillo-Herrera ◽  
Judith Esmeralda Urias-Silvas ◽  
Antonio Escobedo-Reyes ◽  
Mirna Estarrón-Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Ancient Times

Agaves are plants used in the production of alcoholic beverages and fibers. Ever since ancient times, pre-Hispanic cultures in Mexico have used them in traditional medicine to cure different ailments. Over the years, studies of the active principles responsible for the therapeutic benefits of agaves have increased. Leaves and fibers are the main agro-wastes generated in tequila and mezcal production, while fibers are the main waste product in the textile sector. Different investigations have referred to the agro-waste from agave processing as a source of bioactive molecules called secondary metabolites (SM). Among them, phenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, and saponins have been extracted, identified, and isolated from these plants. The role of these molecules in pest control and the prospect of metabolites with the biological potential to develop novel drugs for chronic and acute diseases represent new opportunities to add value to these agro-wastes. This review aims to update the biological activities and recent applications of the secondary metabolites of the genus Agave.

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