Processing of Low-Carbon Deep-Drawing Steel with High Plastic Anisotropy Using Two-Stage Batch Annealing Cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Deva ◽  
Pratiksha Pandey ◽  
Md. Serfraj Alam ◽  
Biraj Kumar Sahoo ◽  
B. Ravi Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Plastic Anisotropy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Batch Annealing ◽  
Annealing Cycle ◽  
High Plastic

WEIRKOTE PLUS

Alloy Digest ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Corp ◽  
Coated Sheet

Abstract WEIRKOTE PLUS is a Galfan-coated sheet steel. The sheet is conventional low-carbon steel normally used for galvanized sheets and strip. This digest will concentrate on the characteristics and properties of the Galfan coating which is nominally a 95% zinc-5% aluminum alloy. The coating on Weirkote Plus is ideal for a variety of tough applications. It is excellent for products that require deep drawing and it combines extra corrosion resistance with superior formability. This datasheet provides information on composition and physical properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Zn-41. Producer or source: Weirton Steel Corp.

scholarly journals Measuring Energy Performance for Regional Sustainable Development in China: A New Framework based on a Dynamic Two-Stage SBM Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Hsiung Chiu ◽  
Tzu-Yu Lin ◽  
Hai-Lan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Portfolio Performance ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Regional Sustainable Development ◽  
Carry Over

Sustainable development has always been an important issue for all policy makers, even more so now, as global warming has seriously threatened the whole world. To understand the efficacy of regional sustainable policies, we proposed a dynamic, two-stage, slacks-based measure (SBM) model with carry-over and intermediate variables, highlighting the importance of an electricity portfolio, to measure overall energy performance for the purpose of regional sustainable development. In this unified linear programming framework with intertemporal evaluation, we estimated the effects of a clean electricity supply by the abatement of CO2 emissions and the gain of economic growth. The results can be used as a reference for decision makers to shape regional sustainable development policies. Using data of 30 provincial administration regions in China for the period of 2012–2017, we postulate that the lower energy performance of the Chinese regional economic system for sustainable development may be attributed to a lower electricity portfolio performance. We then postulate that investment in low-carbon energy infrastructure can combat CO2 emissions, and is also a major driving force in the regional economic growth.

scholarly journals Carbon Redistribution and Microstructural Evolution Study during Two-Stage Quenching and Partitioning Process of High-Strength Steels by Modeling

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilin Wang ◽  
Huicheng Geng ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Zijian Wang ◽  
Yisheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Quenching And Partitioning ◽  
Carbon Redistribution ◽  
Carbon Martensite

The application of the quenching and partitioning (Q-P) process on advanced high-strength steels improves part ductility significantly with little decrease in strength. Moreover, the mechanical properties of high-strength steels can be further enhanced by the stepping-quenching-partitioning (S-Q-P) process. In this study, a two-stage quenching and partitioning (two-stage Q-P) process originating from the S-Q-P process of an advanced high-strength steel 30CrMnSi2Nb was analyzed by the simulation method, which consisted of two quenching processes and two partitioning processes. The carbon redistribution, interface migration, and phase transition during the two-stage Q-P process were investigated with different temperatures and partitioning times. The final microstructure of the material formed after the two-stage Q-P process was studied, as well as the volume fraction of the retained austenite. The simulation results indicate that a special microstructure can be obtained by appropriate parameters of the two-stage Q-P process. A mixed microstructure, characterized by alternating distribution of low carbon martensite laths, small-sized low-carbon martensite plates, retained austenite and high-carbon martensite plates, can be obtained. In addition, a peak value of the volume fraction of the stable retained austenite after the final quenching is obtained with proper partitioning time.

scholarly journals Environmental Efficiency Evaluation of China’s Power Industry Based on the Two-Stage Network Slack-Based Measure Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12650
Author(s):  
Wei Wei ◽  
Shuangying Ding ◽  
Silin Zheng ◽  
Jingjing Ma ◽  
Tong Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Generation Efficiency ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Transmission And Distribution ◽  
Distribution Efficiency

How to achieve the continuous improvement of the environmental performance level of the power industry within the requirements of clean and low-carbon energy development is the fundamental requirement and inevitable choice for the construction of ecological civilization and sustainable development. From the perspective of environmental protection, based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method and the internal mechanism of power system production and supply, the power industry environmental efficiency evaluation index system was constructed, and the two-stage Network Slack-based Measure (NSBM) model considering undesired output was used to calculate China’s 30 provinces and municipalities from 1998 to 2019. The environmental efficiency is divided into two links: power generation efficiency and transmission and distribution efficiency. The study found that, within the research interval, the overall environmental efficiency of China’s 30 provinces is low, and the differences between provinces and cities are large, but they have gradually developed in a better direction after 2015. The power generation efficiency of the first link in most provinces and municipalities is higher than the transmission and distribution efficiency of the second link, and the low transmission and distribution efficiency is an important reason for the low comprehensive level of environmental efficiency. The overall evolution trend of environmental efficiency in the six regions of China is roughly the same, but the regional differences are obvious, showing a trend of “high in the southeast and low in the northwest”. The economic and natural resource differences in different provinces and cities in each region have led to varying degrees of redundancy in five aspects, including investment in power assets, installed power generation capacity, and length of transmission lines, which seriously affect the environmental efficiency of the power industry. This research attempts to open the “black box” of the environmental efficiency conversion process of the power industry, which can provide directions and strategic suggestions for the improvement of the efficiency of the power industry in China.

scholarly journals Two-Stage Optimal Scheduling of Large-Scale Renewable Energy System Considering the Uncertainty of Generation and Load

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Kong ◽  
Shuping Quan ◽  
Fangyuan Sun ◽  
Zhengguang Chen ◽  
Xingguo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Point Estimation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Point Estimation Method

With the development of smart grid and low-carbon electricity, a high proportion of renewable energy is connected to the grid. In addition, the peak-valley difference of system load increases, which makes the traditional grid scheduling method no longer suitable. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-stage low-carbon economic scheduling model considering the characteristics of wind, light, thermal power units, and demand response at different time scales. This model not only concerns the deep peak state of thermal power units under the condition of large-scale renewable energy, but also sets the uncertain models of PDR (Price-based Demand Response) virtual units and IDR (Incentive Demand Response) virtual units. Taking the system operation cost and carbon treatment cost as the target, the improved bat algorithm and 2PM (Two-point Estimation Method) are used to solve the problem. The introduction of climbing costs and low load operating costs can more truly reflect the increased cost of thermal power units. Meanwhile, the source-load interaction can weigh renewable energy limited costs and the increased costs of balancing volatility. The proposed method can be applied to optimal dispatch and safe operation analysis of the power grid with a high proportion of renewable energy. Compared with traditional methods, the total scheduling cost of the system can be reduced, and the rights and obligations of contributors to system operation can be guaranteed to the greatest extent.

On the Modeling of Evolving Elastic and Plastic Anisotropy in the Finite Strain Regime – Application to Deep Drawing Processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 504-506 ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivaylo N. Vladimirov ◽  
Michael P. Pietryga ◽  
Vivian Tini ◽  
Stefanie Reese
Keyword(s):  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Finite Strain ◽  
Kinematic Hardening ◽  
Plastic Anisotropy ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Structure Tensors

In this work, we discuss a finite strain material model for evolving elastic and plastic anisotropy combining nonlinear isotropic and kinematic hardening. The evolution of elastic anisotropy is described by representing the Helmholtz free energy as a function of a family of evolving structure tensors. In addition, plastic anisotropy is modelled via the dependence of the yield surface on the same family of structure tensors. Exploiting the dissipation inequality leads to the interesting result that all tensor-valued internal variables are symmetric. Thus, the integration of the evolution equations can be efficiently performed by means of an algorithm that automatically retains the symmetry of the internal variables in every time step. The material model has been implemented as a user material subroutine UMAT into the commercial finite element software ABAQUS/Standard and has been used for the simulation of the phenomenon of earing during cylindrical deep drawing.

Recrystallization Texture of Ferrite Steels: Beyond the γ-Fibre

2011 ◽  
Vol 702-703 ◽  
pp. 790-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Gobernado ◽  
Roumen H. Petrov ◽  
Jaap Moerman ◽  
Carla Barbatti ◽  
Leo Kestens
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Recrystallization Texture ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Plastic Anisotropy ◽  
Plastic Instability ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Nucleation Process ◽  
Localized Deformation ◽  
Cross Rolling

The recrystallization texture of highly cold deformed IF steels is addressed. The latter is characterized by the //ND fibre and a certain spread towards the {311} orientation. The //ND fibre is the optimum texture for enhanced deep-drawing properties whereas the presence of any other component, such as {311}, will deteriorate the plastic anisotropy of the material. Previous works concluded that the recrystallized {311} orientation results from an oriented nucleation process related to the plastic instability of {001} deformed grains. In the present work, the microstructural nature of such plastic instability is investigated by high resolution orientation scanning microscopy on an annealed IF sample after cross-rolling. Present data indicate that localized deformation in near {001} grains plays an essential role in the nucleation of {311} orientations.

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