scholarly journals Phenological study of congeneric Myrcia species and Clethra scabra in wetland and drained habitats in a Montane Forest

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Londe ◽  
Jaqueline Alves Pereira ◽  
Hildeberto Caldas de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Wetland Soil ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract Although important, phenological studies comparing congeneric species or the same species growing in different habitats are still scarce for the tropics. Herein, we integrate phylogeny, ecology and biometeorology to verify whether the phenophases of congeneric species Myrcia laruotteana and Myrcia amazonica or Clethra scabra differ when their populations inhabit wetland and drained habitats and to determine what abiotic factors affect the vegetative and reproductive phenophases of these species in distinct habitat patches. We collected data on phenological events of 80 trees for 1 year in Itacolomi State Park, Brazil, and related them to abiotic local factors. Contrary to our expectation, the phenophases of the congeneric species did not differ between habitats, but the reproductive phenophases of C. scabra did and was greater in drained soil. Phenophases of C. scabra were affected by the depth of the water table and maximum temperature in the wetland soil. Insolation, precipitation, maximum temperature and relative humidity influenced Myrcia and Clethra in the drained soil. The differences between C. scabra populations suggest that this species is phenotypically plastic and can present distinct phenophases depending on the habitat it inhabits. On the other hand, the congeneric Myrcia species may have similar phenophases in distinct habitats because of their shared similarities during their evolution. This study provides a better understanding of the ecology of these species and their adaptations to different abiotic conditions. Data of this nature are important in a changing world and can inform strategies for adaptive management.

scholarly journals Impact of abiotic factors on build-up of citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama population in Punjab, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hijam S. Devi ◽  
D. R. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Citrus Psylla

Seasonal abundance of citrus psylla (Diaphorina citri) Kuwayama was studied on Kinnow mandarin under Punjab conditions during 2012 and 2013. Population of D. citri was present throughout the year but only adults found surviving during December and February. There was no nymphal population when maximum temperature was > 39°C or < 7°C. Two population peaks of nymphs wer e observed, first in April-May and second in August- September. Thereafter, there was abrupt decline in nymphal population during June and July during both the years when the weather conditions i.e. maximum, minimum temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), rainfall (m m) and sunshine (hrs) ranged from 24.4-44, 22.4-31.8, 25.5-100, 0-108.0 and 0-13.5, respectively. Highest peaks of adult were found during May followed by June. With the decrease in temperature from the end of September, the population of D. citri started to decrease and reached its lowest during winter season. Correlation analysis for both the years indicated that maximum and minimum temperature, sunshine and rainfall were positively correlated with nymphal, adult and mixed population but the effect of rainfall on adult population was non-significant, while relative humidity was negatively correlated. The study is useful to find out the weak links of psyllid populations in relation to abiotic factors and that could be exploited to curb its infestation and disease transmission.

scholarly journals Seasonal abundance and effect of abiotic factors on mango leaf hopper Amritodus atkinsoni (Leth.) population on wild and different cultivators of mango in Jammu region

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Shakha Sharma ◽  
J.S Tara
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Leaf Hopper ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Science And Technology

The mango leaf hopper Amritodus atkinsoni (Leth.) is a very serious pest of mango in J&K region. A series of experiments were conducted on seasonal abundance and the influence of abiotic factors on the incidence of A. atkinsoni on wild and different cultivars of mango viz Dashehari, Langra, Malda and Amarpalli  at Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology Jammu, and, at a mango orchard at Nagbani. The mango hoppers (adults) started appearing with the panicle emergence during the months of February-March and reached its peak ranging from 9.6 to 14.2 in wild and all cultivars under study during May-June. After this the hopper population started declining, but showed another peak (6.6 to 9.8) during August-September which is comparatively lower than the previous one. This clearly indicates that the species breeds twice a year thus a bivoltine species. From September onwards, the hoppers went on declining and vanished by the end of December as they migrate to cracks and crevices of tree trunk and overwinter as adults. Abiotic factors such as maximum temperature (X1), minimum temperature (X2), morning relative humidity (X3), evening relative humidity (X4) and rainfall (X5) had much impact on the growth of hopper population. The hopper population correlated negatively and significantly with morning relative humidity (r = -0.635 to - 0.816) and evening relative humidity (r = - 0.289 to - 0.556) and showed a significant positive correlation with mean maximum temperature (r = 0.692 to 0.915) and minimum temperature (r = 0.590 to 0.881) in wild and all four cultivars, whereas rainfall remained fluctuating throughout the study period thus didn’t show any significant impact.

scholarly journals Influence of Abiotic Factors on Population of Aphid Complex and Its Coexisting Natural Enemies in Mustard Agroecosystem

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Somala Karthik ◽  
U. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Syrphid Larvae

A field experiment was conducted to determine the population build-up of mustard aphid and their natural enemies in relation to abiotic factors at TCA, Dholi during the Rabi season of 2018-19 and 2019-20 respectively. The incidence of mustard aphid started in the 2nd and 3rd SMW of 2019 and 2020 respectively and reached maximum in 8th SMW in both the years. However, the predatory activity of coccinellids, syrphid larvae and spiders were started from 3rd SW with their peak activity at 3rd and 4th week of February in both the years. Mustard aphid population exhibited positive correlation with maximum temperature (0.347 & 0.543), minimum temperature (0.317 & 0.152) and negative correlation with relative humidity (-0.083 & -0.479) during 2019 & 2020 respectively and rainfall (-0.35) during 2020. However, natural enemies viz., coccinellids, syrphid larvae and spiders exhibited positive correlation with Tmax, Tmin, rainfall and negative correlation with RH in both the years.

Surveillance of pea leaf miner (P. horticola) infesting pea (Pisum sativum) in relation with abiotic factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Keval ◽  
H.S. Vanajakshi ◽  
Sunil Verma ◽  
Babli Bagri
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Sunshine Hours

To study the seasonal incidence of insect pests of pea (P. sativum) the investigation was carried out during Rabi session of 2016-17 and 2017-18, at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The incidence of pests infesting pea was recorded from 50th SMW to 11th SMW. During the observation it was found that P. horticola showed its appearance in the field from 1st to 11th SMW with peak population (71% leaf infestation) in 7th SMW. When population was correlated with abiotic factors it was found that there was positive association with maximum temperature (r = 0.759**), minimum temperature (r = 0.672**), wind speed (r = 0.449).and sunshine hours (r =0.583*) whereas a negative relationship was maintained with morning relative humidity (r =-0.496) and evening relative humidity (r=-0.515), during 2016- 17. Similarly, during 2017-18 there was a positive association with maximum temperature (r = 0.360), minimum temperature (r =0.431), wind speed (r = 0.544*) and sunshine hours(r=0.493) whereas a negative relationship was maintained with morning relative humidity (r =-0.277) and evening relative humidity (r=-0.365).

Evaluation of tea clones for resistance/tolerance to mites infestations and the influence of environmental factors on mites dynamics in Kenyan tea farms

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenipher A. Odak ◽  
P. Okinda Owuor ◽  
Lawrence O.A. Mang’uro ◽  
Evelyn Cheramgoi ◽  
Francis N. Wachira
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Mite Infestations ◽  
Tolerant Clones

Mites infestations reduce yields in tea production world wide. However, some tea cultivars are resistant/tolerant to mites attack. The resistance/susceptibility can also be influenced by abiotic factors. This study evaluated some new tea clones for mite resistance/susceptibility and influence of Environmental factors (weather parameters) on dynamics of mite infestations of Kenyan tea at different ecological zones, Kangaita, Kipkebe and Timbilil. Maximum population of mites was reported during March when maximum temperature, average rainfall and relative humidity ranges for the sites were 23.9-28.7°C, 27.7-50.1mm and 38.0-70.4% respectively. There was a sharp decline in mites population in April when average rainfall was high (398.4-514.4mm) which was accompanied by reduction in maximum temperature (18.8-27.5°C) and increase in relative humidity (44.0-82.2%). The minimum population density was found during August which was characterized by low maximum temperature (16.4-26.6°C), low average rainfall (4.8- 190.5mm) and high average relative humidity (46.0-80.9%). The mites infestation levels highly correlated with maximum temperatures in Kangaita (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.801), Kipkebe (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.693) and Timbilil (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.744). There were significant (p≤0.05) monthly variations in clonal mite infestations at all sites. Susceptible clones showed higher monthly mite infestations variations than the resistant/tolerant clones. Of the clones evaluated for the first time, eight new clones were identified as tolerant/resistant while two clones were susceptible to mites attack. Resistant/tolerant clones are recommended for commercial exploitation while mitigation strategies should be put in place in mites prone areas during hot seasons with high monthly temperatures and low humidity

scholarly journals Population Dynamics of Natural Enemies in Okra Agro-ecosystem in Relation to Abiotic Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Ram Kumar ◽  
P. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The present experiment was carried out to access the relationship between population fluctuation of natural enemies and abiotic factors in okra agro-ecosystem at the Research Farm, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur (Bihar). From pooled data of two consecutive Kharif seasons i.e. 2018 and 2019 it was inferred that the highest coccinellids population was registered during 35th standard week (4.56 coccinellids/ 5 plant). Thereafter, the population gradually decreases and reached to 1.19 coccinellids/ 5 plant during 41st standard week i.e. end of the crop. Correlation studies of coccinellids population with abiotic factors indicated that the maximum temperature had positive and highly significant effect on coccinellids. While, minimum temperature and relative humidity at 7 hrs showed positive but non-significant effect on coccinellids. The relative humidity at 14 hrs and rainfall had negative and non-significant correlation with coccinellids population. All the weather parameters together governed 49.90 per cent to the coccinellids population build up (R2 = 0.4990). In case of spider, incidence commenced in 27th standard week however, the maximum population (3.94 spiders/ 5 plant) was observed in 35th standard week. Correlation analysis of spider population with abiotic factors exhibited that the maximum temperature had highly significant and positive effect on spider population. Unlike it, minimum temperature and relative humidity at 7 hrs indicated positive and non-significant effect on spider population. However, the effect of relative humidity at 14 hrs and rainfall on spider population was found negative and non-significant. However, all the prevailing weather parameters together contributed 48.23 per cent towards spider incidence (R2 = 0.4823).

Coral husbandry for ocean futures: leveraging abiotic factors to increase survivorship, growth, and resilience in juvenile Montipora capitata

2021 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
JR Hancock ◽  
AR Barrows ◽  
TC Roome ◽  
AS Huffmyer ◽  
SB Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Montipora Capitata ◽  
Reef Restoration ◽  
Juvenile Corals ◽  
Bleaching Response ◽  
The Face ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Global And Local

Reef restoration via direct outplanting of sexually propagated juvenile corals is a key strategy in preserving coral reef ecosystem function in the face of global and local stressors (e.g. ocean warming). To advance our capacity to scale and maximize the efficiency of restoration initiatives, we examined how abiotic conditions (i.e. larval rearing temperature, substrate condition, light intensity, and flow rate) interact to enhance post-settlement survival and growth of sexually propagated juvenile Montipora capitata. Larvae were reared at 3 temperatures (high: 28.9°C, ambient: 27.2°C, low: 24.5°C) for 72 h during larval development, and were subsequently settled on aragonite plugs conditioned in seawater (1 or 10 wk) and raised in different light and flow regimes. These juvenile corals underwent a natural bleaching event in Kāne‘ohe Bay, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i (USA), in summer 2019, allowing us to opportunistically measure bleaching response in addition to survivorship and growth. This study demonstrates how leveraging light and flow can increase the survivorship and growth of juvenile M. capitata. In contrast, larval preconditioning and substrate conditioning had little overall effect on survivorship, growth, or bleaching response. Importantly, there was no optimal combination of abiotic conditions that maximized survival and growth in addition to bleaching tolerances. This study highlights the ability to tailor sexual reproduction for specific restoration goals by addressing knowledge gaps and incorporating practices that could improve resilience in propagated stocks.

Influence of abiotic factors and hosts on seasonal dynamic of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARVIND KUMAR ◽  
POOJA KHULBE
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
First Year ◽  
Green Lacewing ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Second Year

Influence of abiotic factors and hosts on population dynamics of green lacewing, Chrysoper lacarnea (Stephens) was studied in sunflower, Helianthus annus (Linn.).The maximum number of C. carnea population was found during mid March –mid April in the first year and mid April – mid May in the second year in sunflower crop. The maximum number of host population viz. egg and larva of Helicoverpa armigera and Myzuspe rsicae population were found during mid March –mid April in both the year and correlation studies revealed the positive and significant correlation between larval population of H. armigera, M. persicae and predator C. carnea. While there was no significant relationship found between eggs of H. armigera and C. carnea. The C. carnea population on H. annus during both the year was positively correlated with maximum temperature and found significant,while negatively correlated with relative humidity.However, no significant correlation of C. carnea was found with minimum temperature in both the year.

scholarly journals Limitation of current probe design for oligo-cross-FISH, exemplified by chromosome evolution studies in duckweeds

Chromosoma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Phuong T. N. Hoang ◽  
Jean-Marie Rouillard ◽  
Jiří Macas ◽  
Ivona Kubalová ◽  
Veit Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Spirodela Polyrhiza

AbstractDuckweeds represent a small, free-floating aquatic family (Lemnaceae) of the monocot order Alismatales with the fastest growth rate among flowering plants. They comprise five genera (Spirodela, Landoltia, Lemna, Wolffiella, and Wolffia) varying in genome size and chromosome number. Spirodela polyrhiza had the first sequenced duckweed genome. Cytogenetic maps are available for both species of the genus Spirodela (S. polyrhiza and S. intermedia). However, elucidation of chromosome homeology and evolutionary chromosome rearrangements by cross-FISH using Spirodela BAC probes to species of other duckweed genera has not been successful so far. We investigated the potential of chromosome-specific oligo-FISH probes to address these topics. We designed oligo-FISH probes specific for one S. intermedia and one S. polyrhiza chromosome (Fig. 1a). Our results show that these oligo-probes cross-hybridize with the homeologous regions of the other congeneric species, but are not suitable to uncover chromosomal homeology across duckweeds genera. This is most likely due to too low sequence similarity between the investigated genera and/or too low probe density on the target genomes. Finally, we suggest genus-specific design of oligo-probes to elucidate chromosome evolution across duckweed genera.

scholarly journals Chance or Necessity—The Fungi Co−Occurring with Formica polyctena Ants

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Igor Siedlecki ◽  
Michał Gorczak ◽  
Alicja Okrasińska ◽  
Marta Wrzosek
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formica Polyctena ◽  
Ant Nests ◽  
Mutualistic Fungi ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Better Than

Studies on carton nesting ants and domatia−dwelling ants have shown that ant–fungi interactions may be much more common and widespread than previously thought. Until now, studies focused predominantly on parasitic and mutualistic fungi–ant interactions occurring mostly in the tropics, neglecting less−obvious interactions involving the fungi common in ants’ surroundings in temperate climates. In our study, we characterized the mycobiota of the surroundings of Formica polyctena ants by identifying nearly 600 fungal colonies that were isolated externally from the bodies of F. polyctena workers. The ants were collected from mounds found in northern and central Poland. Isolated fungi were assigned to 20 genera via molecular identification (ITS rDNA barcoding). Among these, Penicillium strains were the most frequent, belonging to eight different taxonomic sections. Other common and widespread members of Eurotiales, such as Aspergillus spp., were isolated very rarely. In our study, we managed to characterize the genera of fungi commonly present on F. polyctena workers. Our results suggest that Penicillium, Trichoderma, Mucor, Schwanniomyces and Entomortierella are commonly present in F. polyctena surroundings. Additionally, the high diversity and high frequency of Penicillium colonies isolated from ants in this study suggest that representatives of this genus may be adapted to survive in ant nests environment better than the other fungal groups, or that they are preferentially sustained by the insects in nests.

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