Back to the Future: Applying a Current Geodemographic Classification to Historic Data to Produce Trend-Based Population Projections

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-146
Author(s):  
Philip Sapiro
Keyword(s):  
Population Projections ◽  
The Future ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Geodemographic Classification ◽  
A Current

Post-Soviet economy development: From the past to the future

2017 ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Present Situation ◽  
Soviet Economy ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Period ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Working Out ◽  
A Current

The article is devoted to major events in the history of the post-Soviet economy, their influence on forming and development of modern Russia. The author considers stages of restructuring, market reforms, transformational crisis, and recovery growth (1999-2011), as well as a current period which started in2011 and is experiencing serious problems. The present situation is analyzed, four possible scenarios are put forward for Russia: “inertia”, “mobilization”, “decisive leap”, “gradual democratic development”. More than 30 experts were questioned in the process of working out the scenarios.

scholarly journals Shifting Gears: The Future of Polymyxin Antibiotics

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenhard ◽  
Bulman ◽  
Tsuji ◽  
Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
The Future ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
Future Strategy ◽  
Future Utility ◽  
A Current

The manuscripts contained in this special edition of Antibiotics represent a current review of the polymyxins as well as highlights from the 3rd International Polymyxin Conference, which was held in Madrid, Spain, April 25 to 26, 2018. The role of the polymyxin antibiotics has evolved over time based on the availability of alternative agents. After high rates of nephrotoxicity caused the drug class to fall out of favor, polymyxins were once against utilized in the 21st century to combat drug-resistant pathogens. However, the introduction of safer agents with activity against drug-resistant organisms has brought the future utility of polymyxins into question. The present review investigates the future niche of polymyxins by evaluating currently available and future treatment options for difficult-to-treat pathogens. The introduction of ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem-vaborbactam and plazomicin are likely to decrease polymyxin utilization for infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae. Similarly, the availability of ceftolozane-tazobactam will reduce the use of polymyxins to counter multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In contrast, polymyxins will likely continue be an important option for combatting carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii until better options become commercially available. Measuring polymyxin concentrations in patients and individualizing therapy may be a future strategy to optimize clinical outcomes while minimizing nephrotoxicity. Inhaled polymyxins will continue to be an adjunctive option for pulmonary infections but further clinical trials are needed to clarify the efficacy of inhaled polymyxins. Lastly, safer polymyxin analogs will potentially be an important addition to the antimicrobial armamentarium.

scholarly journals Unravelling the Photoprotective Mechanisms of Nature-Inspired Ultraviolet Filters Using Ultrafast Spectroscopy

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3945
Author(s):  
Temitope T. Abiola ◽  
Abigail L. Whittock ◽  
Vasilios G. Stavros
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Ultrafast Spectroscopy ◽  
Relaxation Mechanism ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Uv Filters ◽  
Future Design ◽  
The Future ◽  
Current Research Interest ◽  
A Current

There are several drawbacks with the current commercially available ultraviolet (UV) filters used in sunscreen formulations, namely deleterious human and ecotoxic effects. As a result of the drawbacks, a current research interest is in identifying and designing new UV filters. One approach that has been explored in recent years is to use nature as inspiration, which is the focus of this review. Both plants and microorganisms have adapted to synthesize their own photoprotective molecules to guard their DNA from potentially harmful UV radiation. The relaxation mechanism of a molecule after it has been photoexcited can be unravelled by several techniques, the ones of most interest for this review being ultrafast spectroscopy and computational methods. Within the literature, both techniques have been implemented on plant-, and microbial-inspired UV filters to better understand their photoprotective roles in nature. This review aims to explore these findings for both families of nature-inspired UV filters in the hope of guiding the future design of sunscreens.

Joint venture survival in China: the importance of tangible and intangible trust

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley James Koch ◽  
Pamela L.T. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Trust Management ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Current

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship among joint venture survival in Sichuan and two types of trust: intangible trust and tangible trust. Intangible trust encapsulates the internal affective aspects of trust, whereas tangible trust captures the external and more easily visible willingness to commit resources to the partnership. Design/methodology/approach The primary data used in this research are based on surveys conducted in 2002-2003 of 274 foreign invested firms in Sichuan province and are from a follow-up investigation of firm survival in 2009. Findings The results show that both intangible trust and tangible trust are significant in predicting survival in joint ventures seven years into the future. In addition, the authors explore determinates of intangible and tangible trust. Management control had no impact on intangible trust, but it had a significant positive impact on tangible trust via the presence of a foreign general manager. Cultural distance had the expected negative effect on intangible trust, but an unanticipated positive influence on tangible trust. Originality/value The main contribution of this research is establishing a link between measures of trust taken in 2002 with a performance measure from 2009. Trust today, whether it is tangible or intangible, predicts performance in the future. The majority of prior research linked a current measure of trust with a current measure of performance, which blurs the trust and performance relationship, as it is likely that the relationship is reciprocal and higher levels of trust may be the result of good performance just as much as good performance is a result of higher levels of trust.

scholarly journals Urban Humanities and the Creative Practitioner

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Cuff ◽  
Jennifer Wolch
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
The Future ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The City ◽  
A Current ◽  
Creative Group

Creative practices are needed to address the range of issues that confront contemporary cities—issues of social justice, economic development, and environmental quality. Urban humanities emphasize innovative methods and practices, which evolve along with shifting epistemologies in multidisciplinary confluence, standing in contrast to a current dominant narrative that contemporary cities depend upon attracting a creative group of citizens. Recent efforts the LA River, driven by a motley crew of people set out to reimagine new possibilities for the river, illustrating that the city as an object of study intrinsically carries implications about action and about the future. This manifesto offers a call to action for scholars to become engaged, creative urban practitioners.

Fuzzy Inference: Its Past and Prospects

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Kiyohiko Uehara ◽  
◽  
Kaoru Hirota ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Current Direction ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Inference Methods ◽  
A Current

Fuzzy inference in the past and its future prospects are described to further promote research in the field: First, the basic methods of fuzzy inference are introduced. Then, the progress of fuzzy inference is reviewed, showing its remarkable achievements, especially in industries. A consideration of fuzzy inference is presented from operational viewpoints. It provides a key to creating fuzzy-inference methods in the future. The growing research area of fuzzy inference is also introduced in order to discuss a current direction, reflecting the consideration mentioned above. Moreover, some future prospects on fuzzy inference are presented, which are expected to stimulate research.

Population projections: Notes on the choice of bases

1952 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
P. R. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Future ◽  
Made In

Any discussion of mortality, fertility or migration assumptions for population projections, or of the various technical questions that arise, must be preceded by some consideration of the nature and purpose of the work that has been undertaken. It should be asked why such calculations are necessary and what is expected from the results. Fundamentally, inquiry about the future of the population arises from a natural curiosity about man's surroundings in space and in time, and this does not seem to have been damped by past failures to foresee developments; otherwise, long-range projections would by now have ceased to be made, in view of the poor prospects of success. Beyond this, however, there are to-day a variety of practical reasons for which it is deemed necessary to estimate the future numbers of persons in given areas with such accuracy as is possible.

The Past of the Future of Computation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
High Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Cognitive Tool ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Simple Step ◽  
A Current

Hand axes, language, and computers are tools that increase our ability to deal with the world. Computing is a cognitive tool and comes in several kinds: digital, analog, and brain-like. An analog telephone connects two telephones with a wire. Talking causes a current to flow on the wire. In a digital telephone the voltage is converted into groups of ones or zeros and sent at high speed from one telephone to the other. An analog telephone requires one simple step. A digital telephone requires several million discrete steps per second. Digital telephones work because the hardware has gotten much faster. Yet brains constructed of slow devices and using a few watts of power are competitive for many cognitive tasks. The important question is not why machines are becoming so smart but why humans are still so good. Artificial intelligence is missing something important probably based on hardware differences.

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