Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella strains from food of animal origin in southern Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolande T. R. Proroga ◽  
Federico Capuano ◽  
Maria Rosaria Carullo ◽  
Immacolata La Tela ◽  
Rosanna Capparelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Use, Residues, Resistance and Governance in the Food and Agriculture Sectors, Tanzania

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Robinson H. Mdegela ◽  
Elibariki R. Mwakapeje ◽  
Bachana Rubegwa ◽  
Daniel T. Gebeyehu ◽  
Solange Niyigena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Food Animals

All infections are potentially curable as long as the etiological agents are susceptible to antimicrobials. The increased rate at which antimicrobials are becoming ineffective is a global health risk of increasing concern that threatens withdrawal of beneficial antimicrobials for disease control. The increased demand for food of animal origin, in particular eggs, meat and milk has led to intensification and commercial production systems where excessive use and misuse of antimicrobials may prevail. Antimicrobials, handled and used by farmers and animal attendants with no formal education, may be predisposed to incorrect dosages, misuse, incorrect applications and non-adherence to withdrawal periods. This study was conducted to assess the regulatory roles and governance of antimicrobials, establish the pattern and extent of their use, evaluate the antimicrobial residues and resistance in the food animals and crop agriculture value chains, and relate these findings to existing strategies in place for combating the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Tanzania. A multimethod approach (desk review, field study and interviews) was used. Relevant establishments were also visited. High levels of resistance to penicillin G, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and oxytetracycline have been reported, especially for Actinobacter pyogenes, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus from dairy cattle with mastitis and in humans. Similar trends were found in poultry where eggs and meat are contaminated with Escherichia coli strains resistant to amoxicillin + clavulanate, sulphamethoxazole and neomycin. An increasing trend of emerging multidrug resistant E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella was also found in food animals. An increase in methicillin resistant Staphlococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in the livestock sector in Tanzania have been reported. The pathogens isolated in animals were resistant to ampicillin, augmentin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, tylosin, erythromycin, cefuroxime, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. An increased usage of antimicrobials for prophylaxis, and therapeutics against pathogens and for growth promotion in livestock, aquaculture and crop production were observed. A One Health strategic approach is advocated to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the food and agriculture sectors in Tanzania. Practical recommendations include (a) legislation review and implementation; (b) antimicrobial use (AMU), AMR and antimicrobial residue (AR) awareness and advocacy among stakeholders along the value chain; (c) strengthening of surveillance and monitoring programs for AMU, AMR and AR; (d) enhanced development and use of rapid and innovative diagnostic tests and the promotion of biosecurity principles; and (e) good husbandry practices. The utilization of this information to improve public health policies and reduce the burden of AMR will be beneficial.

Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Retail Chicken

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1879-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHALID IBRAHIM SALLAM ◽  
SAMIR MOHAMMED ABD-ELGHANY ◽  
MOHAMED ELHADIDY ◽  
TOMOHIRO TAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

The emergence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in food-producing animals is of increasing interest, raising questions about the presence of MRSA in food of animal origin and potential sources of transmission to humans via the food chain. In this study, the prevalence, molecular characterization, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of MRSA isolates from 200 retail raw chicken samples in Egypt were determined. MRSA was detected by positive amplification of the mecA gene in 38% (76 of 200) of chicken samples analyzed. This represents a potential public health threat in Egypt, as this contamination rate seems to be the highest among other studies reported worldwide. Furthermore, genes encoding α-hemolysin (hla) and staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea, seb, and sec) were detected in all of the 288 MRSA isolates. Nonetheless, none of the strains tested carried tst, the gene encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1. Antimicrobial resistance of MRSA isolates was most frequently detected against penicillin (93.4%), ampicillin (88.9%), and cloxacillin (83.3%). These results suggest that retail chicken might be a significant potential source for transmission of multidrug-resistant and toxigenic S. aureus in Egypt. This underlines the need for stricter hygienic measures in chicken production in Egypt to minimize the risk of transmission of these strains to consumers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the isolation and molecular characterization of MRSA in retail chicken samples in Egypt.

scholarly journals Genotyping of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence in Staphylococcus Isolated from Food of Animal Origin in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosainix C. Gaerste-Díaz ◽  
Patricia Lozano-Zarain ◽  
Carmen Torres ◽  
Numa P. Castro González ◽  
Rosa del C. Rocha-Gracia
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

High Level of Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Estonia in 2005 and 2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1940-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATI ROASTO ◽  
KADRIN JUHKAM ◽  
TERJE TAMME ◽  
ARI HÖRMAN ◽  
LIIDIA HÄKKINEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
National Veterinary Institute ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
High Level

The development of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli is a matter of increasing concern. Because campylobacteriosis is transmitted to humans usually via food of animal origin, the presence of antimicrobial-resistant campylobacters in broiler chickens has important public health implications. The aim of our study was to analyze resistance patterns of C. jejuni isolated from fecal samples collected at a large Estonian chicken farm, from cecal contents collected at slaughterhouses, and from meat samples collected at the retail establishments in 2005 and 2006. A total of 131 C. jejuni isolates were collected over a 13-month period and tested by the broth microdilution VetMIC method (National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden) to determine the MICs of various antimicrobials. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was detected in 104 (79.4%) of the 131 isolates. High proportions of the isolates were resistant to enrofloxacin (73.3%) and nalidixic acid (75.6%). Multidrug resistance (resistance to three or more unrelated antimicrobials) was detected in 36 isolates (27.5%), all of which were resistant to enrofloxacin. Multidrug resistance was significantly associated with enrofloxacin resistance (P < 0.01), and the use of enrofloxacin may select for multiresistant strains.

scholarly journals Drug resistances in salmonella isolates from animal foods, Italy 1998–2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. MAMMINA ◽  
L. CANNOVA ◽  
S. MASSA ◽  
E. GOFFREDO ◽  
A. NASTASI
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Class I Integrons

We investigated the distribution of serotypes and patterns of drug resistance of 206 strains of salmonella isolated in southern Italy in the years 1998–2000 from raw food of animal origin, faeces of food animals and animal feed. To improve knowledge of mobile genetic elements carrying the resistance genes, some molecular features were also investigated within isolates resistant to three or more antibiotics. A high proportion of isolates, 52.2% and 37.7%, respectively, belonging to both Typhimurium and other serotypes of animal origin, proved to be multidrug resistant. The DT104 complex specific multidrug pattern of resistance was quite infrequent among isolates other than Typhimurium, but resistances to nalidixic acid and kanamycin were more frequent within these last ones (36.9% vs. 11.4% and 56.5% vs. 2.2%, respectively). Class I integrons were detected in isolates of Typhimurium and seven different serotypes. The relevance of food animal environment as a drug resistance reservoir and animal food as a potential resistance gene vehicle between the farm and human ecological niches is confirmed by our findings.

Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and virulence traits in enterococci from food of animal origin in Turkey

LWT ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebru Şebnem Yılmaz ◽  
Özkan Aslantaş ◽  
Sevda Pehlivanlar Önen ◽  
Süheyla Türkyılmaz ◽  
Cemil Kürekci
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Virulence Traits ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

scholarly journals Non-Typhoidal Salmonella at the Human-Food-of-Animal-Origin Interface in Australia

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1192
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Sodagari ◽  
Penghao Wang ◽  
Ian Robertson ◽  
Ihab Habib ◽  
Shafi Sahibzada
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Human Salmonellosis

Non-typhoidal Salmonella is a major zoonotic pathogen that plays a significant role in foodborne human salmonellosis worldwide through the consumption of contaminated foods, particularly those of animal origin. Despite a considerable reduction in human salmonellosis outbreaks in developed countries, Australia is experiencing a continuous rise of such outbreaks in humans. This review of the literature highlights the reported non-typhoidal Salmonella outbreaks in humans as well as the occurrence of the pathogen in foods from animal sources throughout Australia. Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections from food animals are more often associated with at-risk people, such as immunocompromised and aged people or children. Although several animal-sourced foods were recognised as the catalysts for salmonellosis outbreaks in Australia, egg and egg-based products remained the most implicated foods in the reported outbreaks. This review further highlights the antimicrobial resistance trends of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates at the human–food interface, with a focus on clinically important antimicrobials in humans, by collating evidence from previous investigations in Australia. The rise in antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella, especially to antimicrobials commonly prescribed to treat human salmonellosis, has become a significant global public health concern. However, the overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Australia is considerably lower than in other parts of the world, particularly in terms of critically important antimicrobials for the treatment of human salmonellosis. The present review adds to our understanding of the global epidemiology of non-typhoidal Salmonella with emphasis on the past few decades in Australia.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation Capacity of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Strains Isolated from Poultry and Humans in Poland

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ćwiek ◽  
Kamila Korzekwa ◽  
Aleksandra Tabiś ◽  
Jacek Bania ◽  
Gabriela Bugla-Płoskońska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis (S. enterica ser. Enteritidis) is the most frequently detected serovar in human salmonellosis, and its ability to produce a biofilm and the risk of transmission from animals and food of animal origin to humans are significant. The main aim of the present work was to compare S. enterica ser. Enteritidis strains isolated from poultry and human feces in terms of resistance profiles, prevalence of selected resistance genes, and their potential for biofilm formation, by assessing their biofilm growth intensity, the prevalence and expression of selected genes associated with this phenomenon, and the correlation between increased antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation ability of the two tested groups of S. enterica ser. Enteritidis. This study showed a difference in antimicrobial resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration value) between S. enterica ser. Enteritidis groups; however, the majority of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were isolated from poultry (environmental samples from chicken broilers, turkey broilers, and laying hens). Differences in the prevalence of resistance genes were observed; the most common gene among poultry strains was floR, and that among strains from humans was blaTEM. S. enterica ser. Enteritidis strains isolated from poultry under the tested incubation conditions exhibited better biofilm growth than strains isolated from humans. A higher level of gene expression associated with the production of cellulose was only detected in the S48 strain isolated from poultry. On the other hand, increased expression of genes associated with quorum sensing was observed in two strains isolated from poultry farms and one strain isolated from human feces.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and Other Escherichia coli Isolated from Food of Animal Origin and Human Intestinal Isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANJA KRIZMAN ◽  
JERNEJA AMBROZIC AVGUSTIN ◽  
IRENA ZDOVC ◽  
MAJDA GOLOB ◽  
MARIJA TRKOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

ABSTRACT Antibiotics have always appeared miraculous, saving innumerable lives. However, the unwise use of antimicrobial drugs has led to the appearance of resistant bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli (n =160) isolated from food of animal origin. The focus was on E. coli–producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases. E. coli was chosen because it is a part of the normal microbiota in mammals and can enter the food chain during slaughtering and food manipulation. Subsequently, its resistance genes can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria and human microbiota. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of selected antimicrobial resistances were carried out together with a molecular analysis of virulence genes. E. coli isolates from food of animal origin were compared with clinical E. coli strains isolated from the human intestinal tract. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing E. coli isolates were found in 9.4% of food isolates and in 1.8% of intestinal isolates. Phylogenetically, the majority of food (86.3%) and intestinal E. coli (58.1%) isolates were found to belong to the commensal phylogenetic groups A and B1. The distribution of 4 of 14 analyzed virulence factors was similar in the food and intestinal isolates. Strains isolated from food in Slovenia harbored resistance genes and virulence factors, which can constitute a problem for food safety if not handled properly.

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