Enhanced dendritic arborization of amygdala neurons during growth spurt periods in rats orally intubated with Bacopa monniera extract

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Ramana Vollala ◽  
Subramanya Upadhya ◽  
Satheesha Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Arborization ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Bacopa Monniera

scholarly journals Enhancement of basolateral amygdaloid neuronal dendritic arborization following Bacopa monniera extract treatment in adult rats

Clinics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Ramana Vollala ◽  
Subramanya Upadhya ◽  
Satheesha Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Arborization ◽  
Bacopa Monniera ◽  
Adult Rats

scholarly journals Enhancement of Amygdaloid Neuronal Dendritic Arborization by Fresh Leaf Juice ofCentella asiatica(Linn) during Growth Spurt Period in Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mohandas Rao ◽  
S. Muddanna Rao ◽  
S. Gurumadhva Rao
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Morphology ◽  
Dendritic Arborization ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Dendritic Length ◽  
Branching Points ◽  
Dendritic Branching ◽  
Leaf Juice

Centella asiatica(CeA) is a creeping herb, growing in moist places in India and other Asian Countries. Ayurvedic system of medicine, an alternate system of medicine in India, uses leaves of CeA for memory enhancement. Here, we have investigated the role of CeA fresh leaf juice treatment during growth spurt period of rats on dendritic morphology of amygdaloid neurons, one of the regions concerned with learning and memory. The present study was conducted on neonatal rat pups. The rat pups (7-days-old) were fed with 2, 4 and 6 ml/kg body of fresh leaf juice of CeA for 2, 4 and 6 weeks. After the treatment period, the rats were killed, brains removed and amygdaloid neurons impregnated with Silver nitrate (Golgi staining). Amygdaloid neurons were traced using camera lucida and dendritic branching points (a measure of dendritic arborization) and intersections (a measure dendritic length) quantified. These data were compared with those of age-matched control rats. The results showed a significant increase in dendritic length (intersections) and dendritic branching points along the length of dendrites of the amygdaloid neurons of rats treated with 4 and 6 ml/kg body weight/day of CeA for longer periods of time (i.e. 4 and 6 weeks). We conclude that constituents/active principles present in CeA fresh leaf juice has neuronal dendritic growth stimulating property; hence it can be used for enhancing neuronal dendrites in stress and other neurodegenerative and memory disorders.

Growth and development in girls with Turner's syndrome during early therapy with low doses of estradiol

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S157-S163 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.W. KASTRUP ◽  
_ _
Keyword(s):  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
First Year ◽  
Turner's Syndrome ◽  
Turner’S Syndrome ◽  
Early Therapy ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Early therapy with a low dose of estrogen (estradiol-17β) was given to 33 girls with Turner's syndrome (T.s.) for a period of 4 years. The dose (0.25-2 mg/day) was adjusted every 3 months to maintain plasma estradiol in the normal concentration range for bone age. Growth velocity was compared with that of untreated girls with T.s. All girls were above age 10 years. Bone age was below 10 years in 11 girls (group I) and above 10 years in 22 girls (group II). Growth velocity in the first year of treatment in group I 7.5 ± 1.3 cm (SD) with mean SD score (SDS) of +4.3 and in group II 4.9 ± 1.3 with mean SDS of +3.5. Growth velocity decreased in the following years to 1.6 ± 1.0 cm, SDS -1.44 in group I and 0.9 ± 0.6cm, SDS -2.34 in group II during the fourth year. Withdrawal bleeding occurred in 16 girls of group II after the mean of 23 (range 15-33) months and in 3 girls of group I after 15 to 51 months of treatment. The treatment did not cause an inappropriate acceleration of pubertal development. Breast development appeared in most girls by 3 months of treatment. Pubic hair appeared by 12 months of treatment in group I; it was present in most girls in group II at start of treatment. Final height is known for 12 girls of group II; it was 144.2 ± 4.5 cm. The final height as predicted at the start of therapy was 142.2 ± 5.3 cm. Bone age advanced in the first year of treatment by 2 years. Early treatment with small doses of estrogens induces a growth spurt and normalizes the events of puberty. This will presumably decrease the psychological risks associated with abnormally delayed development.

INFLUENCE OF BIOSTIMULANTS ON THE IMMUNE PROTECTION OF CHICKENS

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
State Growth ◽  
Active Peak

Among the animals of different species chickens react in greater numbers and more noticeable to a va-riety of growth biostimulators. There are great improvements on their general state, growth spurts and development of internal organs is quicker when they are injected with small portions. Such stimulation has a great influence not only on growth and development of chickens in their first period of life but also on health and productivity later on. The most active peak of reaction is when chicken is two months old. Their internal organs, especially the digestive system, develop earlier, their genitals appear earlier and they begin egg-laying much earlier too, when chickens are being fed those biostimulants. Slaughter meat yield becomes more and quality of meat improves with the influence of stimulators. A major disease pre-vention and healing effect can be reached, since most of the biostimulants raise immune system and re-sistance of the organism. It can be the only thing to justify their usage on animals. Tests show that the most typical growth spurt of birds is from fifteen to twenty percent in normal conditions. Growth spurts are also accompanied with the rise of resistance to different infections and activation of different physio-logical processes. Growth spurts can be twice or more than written here, but those spurts are usually short-timed and often accompanied with the dysfunction of different organs

A new type of pubertal height reference based on growth aligned for onset of pubertal growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1173-1182
Author(s):  
Kerstin G. Albertsson-Wikland ◽  
Aimon Niklasson ◽  
Anton Holmgren ◽  
Lars Gelander ◽  
Andreas F.M. Nierop
Keyword(s):  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Pubertal Growth ◽  
Longitudinal Length ◽  
New Type ◽  
Growth References

AbstractObjectivesGrowth references of today traditionally describe growth in relation to chronological age. Despite the broad variation in age of pubertal maturation, references related to biological age are lacking. To fill this knowledge gap, we aimed to develop a new type of pubertal height reference for improved growth evaluation during puberty, considering individual variation in pubertal timing.MethodsLongitudinal length/height measures were obtained from birth to adult height in 1,572 healthy Swedish children (763 girls) born at term ∼1990 to nonsmoking mothers and Nordic parents, a subgroup of GrowUp1990Gothenburg cohort. A total height reference was constructed from Quadratic-Exponential-Puberty-Stop (QEPS)-function-estimated heights from individual height curves that had been aligned for time/age at onset of pubertal growth (5% of P-function growth). References that separated growth into specific pubertal heightSDS (P-function growth) and basic heightSDS (QES-function growth) were also generated.ResultsReferences (cm and SDS) are presented for total height, and height subdivided into that specific to puberty and to basic growth arising independently of puberty. The usefulness of the new pubertal growth reference was explored by identifying differences in the underlying growth functions that translate into differences in pubertal height gain for children of varying body mass, height, and with different pubertal timings.ConclusionsA new type of height reference allowing alignment of individual growth curves, based on the timing of the pubertal growth spurt was developed using QEPS-model functions. This represents a paradigm shift in pubertal growth research and growth monitoring during the adolescent period.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of school children living in Northern part of Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Sathiadas ◽  
Annieston Antonyraja ◽  
Arunath Viswalingam ◽  
Kasthuri Thangaraja ◽  
V. P. Wickramasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Height For Age

Abstract Background Nutritional status is an important indicator for measuring quality of life in children. A region that is recovering from war will face many problems related to nutrition. Very few studies have addressed the nutritional problems in school children. This study was undertaken to identify the prevalence of wasting, stunting and obesity among school children from Northern Sri Lanka and associated socio-demographic factors. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was carried out using multistage stratified proportionate cluster among healthy children attending schools in the Northern part of the country. Height and weight were measured, and Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated [weight (kg)/Height (m) 2]. BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ) and Height for age Z (HAZ) scores were determined and WHO growth references were used to categorise the nutritional status. Correlation between various nutritional problems with Maternal education, household income, number of family members and the residential area was assessed. Results A total of 1012 children were recruited, and the mean age and standard deviation were 11.12±1.77 yrs. Girls in the age ranges of 9–14 were heavier and taller when compared to the boys compatible with the pubertal growth spurt. Stunting based on the height for age was seen in 10.9% of boys and 11.8% of girls. Wasting based on BMI for age WHO standard (WHO 2007) was seen in 30.6% of boys and 29.1% of the girls. The prevalence of overweight was 11% and Obesity was 6.3% of the population. Obesity was predominantly seen in boys (4.2%) and it was significantly higher when compared to the girls (2.1%) (p < 0.001). Obesity in older boys (> 10 years) was significantly more than the younger ones (p < 0.01). Maternal education and family income had a significant impact on the prevalence of wasting, stunting and obesity whereas the family size contributed to the wasting and obesity (p< 0.001). Conclusion Findings suggest that stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity are prevalent among 6–16-year-old leading to concerns in public health. The nutritional status significantly varies according to the geographical location, maternal education and the household income.

scholarly journals Intermolar Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis—A Preliminary Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4118
Author(s):  
Suen A. N. Lie ◽  
Britt H. B. T. Engelen ◽  
Veronique C. M. L. Timmer ◽  
Nico M. P. Vrijens ◽  
Paolo Asperio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Overall Treatment Time ◽  
Mandibular Distraction ◽  
Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Root Fractures

Background: Dental Class II is the most common indication for combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment. Intermolar mandibular distraction osteogenesis (IMDO) treatment was performed during the growth spurt, to avoid surgery at a later age. The aim of this study is to present our first experience with IMDO. Methods: This is a retrospective case series of patients who underwent an IMDO. All patients showed mandibular retrognathism, and orthodontic treatment with functional appliances was not successful. Results: In total, 20 patients (mean age of 14.8 years (SD = 0.9 ys) were included. All patients achieved a Class I occlusion. An average length gain of 9.6 mm (SD = 3.7 mm) was reached. In one patient an abscess occurred. Nine patients presented with root fractures of the second molar; three were lost, one treated endodontically. The average time between insertion and removal of the distractors was 4.6 months (SD = 1.5 mths). In one case a premature consolidation was seen. Conclusion: We achieved satisfactory results with IMDO, although undesirable effects occurred. An advantage is the manageable overall treatment time. Open questions concern the occurrence of root fractures. Furthermore, the question of long-term stability is open. The question of dynamic distraction treatment in relation to temporomandibular joint changes can only be answered in the long term.

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