scholarly journals Valorization of Hemp Stalk Waste Through Thermochemical Conversion for Energy and Electrical Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Marrot ◽  
Kevin Candelier ◽  
Jérémy Valette ◽  
Charline Lanvin ◽  
Barbara Horvat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Particle Matter ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Good Potential

AbstractThe presented research aimed at finding new ways to value hemp by-products (stalks) from the cannabidiol industry through thermochemical conversion. Chemical and elemental composition of hemp biomass was investigated by successive chemical extractions and Scanning Electron Microscopy along with Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. Proximate and elemental analyses completed the chemical characterization of the hemp biomass and its biochar. Thermogravimetric analysis of the hemp biomass allowed to understand its kinetic of decomposition during thermal conversion. The carbon structure and porosity of the biochar were assessed by Raman spectroscopy and CO2 gas adsorption. Properties of interest were the energy production measured through calorific values, and the electrical conductivity. Two ways of valorisation of the hemp biomass were clearly identified, depending mainly on the chosen pyrolysis temperature. Hemp biochar carbonized at 400–600°C were classified as lignocellulosic materials with a good potential for solid biofuel applications. Specifically, the resulting carbonized biochar presented low moisture content (below 2.50%) favourable for high fuel quality, low volatile matter (27.1–10.4%) likely to show lower particle matter emissions, limited ash content (6.8–9.8%) resulting in low risk of fouling issues during the combustion, high carbon content (73.8–86.8%) suggesting strong energy density, associated with high higher heating values (28.45–30.95 MJ kg−1). Hemp biochar carbonized at 800–1000 °C displayed interesting electrical conductivity, opening opportunities for its use in electrical purposes. The electrical conductivity was related to the evolution of the biochar microstructure (development of graphite-like structure and changes in microporosity) in regard with the thermochemical conversion process parameters. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Solid Biofuel Characterization and Ash Properties of Acacia Mangium

Paliva ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Van Minh Duong ◽  
Emmanuel Padouvas
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Solid Biofuel

Acacia Mangium is a common industrial planted woody biomass in the tropical and subtropical climates. As an economically viable, agroforestry beneficial and environmentally sustainable bio-energy form, it has the potential to generate heat for thermochemical conversion systems. This article provides a comprehensive evaluation of its characteristics, physiochemical properties, ash composition and transformation phenomena. In accordance with the ISO/DIN guides for solid fuels, the standard methods were applied. The results of analyses solid biofuel showed the significant calorific value (19-20 MJ/kg); high volatile matter, relatively low ash content; and a low S content. X-ray analyskjhgis detected high values of Ca, K, Fe, Al and Si the ash-forming elements. Ash softening and fusion phenomena were observed, with heat generated continuously at constant rates (maintained at 550 ± 10 °C for 120 minutes and practically at 850 ± 10 °C for 240 minutes). The first signs of deformation were recorded at a temperature of approximately 1220 °C, with the melting point reached at 1310 °C, which was an advantage for a woody solid biofuel.

scholarly journals Green energy technology from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) for Brazilian agro-extractive communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munique Gonçalves Guimarães ◽  
Rafael Benjamin Werneburg Evaristo ◽  
Augusto César de Mendonça Brasil ◽  
Grace Ferreira Ghesti
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Immediate Analysis

AbstractThe present work analyzed the energy generation potential of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) by thermochemical reactions. The experimental part of the study performed immediate analyses, elemental analyses, lignocellulosic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, calorific values, and syn gas concentrations measurements of the gasification of Buriti in a fixed-bed reactor. Additionally, numerical simulations estimated the syn gas concentrations of the gasification reactions of Buriti. The immediate analysis showed that Buriti has the highest ash content (4.66%) and highest volatile matter content (85%) compared to other Brazilian biomass analyzed, but the higher heating value was only 18.28 MJ.kg−1. The elemental analysis revealed that the oxygen to carbon ratio was 0.51 while hydrogen to carbon ratio was 1.74, indicating a good thermal conversion efficiency. The Lignocellulosic analysis of Buriti resulted in a high content of holocellulose (69.64%), a lignin content of 28.21% and extractives content of 7.52%. The thermogravimetry of the Buriti indicated that the highest mass loss (51.92%) occurred in a temperature range between 150 °C and 370 °C. Lastly, the experimental gasification study in a fixed-bed updraft gasifier resulted in syn gas concentrations of 14.4% of CO, 11.5% of CO2 and 17.5% of H2 while the numerical simulation results confirmed an optimal equivalence ratio of 1.7 to maximize CO and H2 concentrations. Therefore, based on the results presented by the present work, the gasification process is adequate to transform Buriti wastes into energy resources. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Selected Parameters of Commercial Biomass Pellets Using Line Scan Near Infrared-Hyperspectral Image

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Lakkana Pitak ◽  
Kittipong Laloon ◽  
Seree Wongpichet ◽  
Panmanas Sirisomboon ◽  
Jetsada Posom
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Hyperspectral Image ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Successive Projections Algorithm ◽  
Color Distribution ◽  
Standard Normal Variate ◽  
Distribution Mapping ◽  
Standard Normal

Biomass pellets are required as a source of energy because of their abundant and high energy. The rapid measurement of pellets is used to control the biomass quality during the production process. The objective of this work was to use near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral images for predicting the properties, i.e., fuel ratio (FR), volatile matter (VM), fixed carbon (FC), and ash content (A), of commercial biomass pellets. Models were developed using either full spectra or different spatial wavelengths, i.e., interval successive projections algorithm (iSPA) and interval genetic algorithm (iGA), wavelengths and different spectral preprocessing techniques. Their performances were then compared. The optimal model for predicting FR could be created with second derivative (D2) spectra with iSPA-100 wavelengths, while VM, FC, and A could be predicted using standard normal variate (SNV) spectra with iSPA-100 wavelengths. The models for predicting FR, VM, FC, and A provided R2 values of 0.75, 0.81, 0.82, and 0.87, respectively. Finally, the prediction of the biomass pellets’ properties under color distribution mapping was able to track pellet quality to control and monitor quality during the operation of the thermal conversion process and can be intuitively used for applications with screening.

scholarly journals Determination of porous structure parameters of coal particles to describe thermal conversion processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 00101
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Topal ◽  
Iryna Holenko ◽  
Inna Diakun
Keyword(s):  
Porous Structure ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Char Reactivity ◽  
Determination Of Parameters

The results of determination of parameters of porous structure of coal and char particles are presented. They were determined using gas adsorption method and thermal decomposition of particles in air oxygen. The porous structure parameters allow predicting char reactivity change at different temperatures as well as during conversion in accordance with Random Pore Model (RPM-model).

Formation of Spinel from Fe-Ni Coating Electrodeposited on AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 328-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Alberto Ludwig ◽  
Matias Angelis Korb ◽  
A. Bervian ◽  
C.P. Bergmann ◽  
Célia de Fraga Malfatti
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steels ◽  
Steel Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Aisi 430

Ferritic stainless steels exhibit properties, such as good electrical conductivity, good corrosion resistance and low cost, that are beneficial for their application as interconnects in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (ITSOFC) that function at temperatures between 600°C and 800°C. However, the stainless steel corrosion resistance is attributed to the amount of Cr, which is an element that forms a chromium oxide (Cr2O3) layer, acts as an oxidation protective barrier at high temperatures, and reduces the interconnector performance due to its low electrical conductivity. In this context, the objective of this work was to obtain spinel coatings from the Fe and Ni metallic alloy thermal conversion on AISI stainless steel 430 substrate produced by electrodeposition. The morphology and microstructure of the spinel films deposited on stainless steel were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD and adherence analysis. The results obtained showed that the films were adherent, dense and continuous along the AISI stainless steel 430 substrate surface. In addition, the heat treatment procedure effectively produced crystalline spinels ((NiFe)3O4).

scholarly journals Energy Potential Study of Some Tropical Wood Species from Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Asibor ◽  
E. P. Akhator ◽  
A. I. Obanor
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Tropical Wood ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Afzelia Africana

Aims: To carry out experimental study of the energy potential of some tropical wood species. Study Design: It involved sample collection, experimental analysis and numerical validation of the obtained calorific values. Place and Duration of Study: National Centre for Energy Research and Development (NCERD), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria between November 2016 and September 2018. Methodology: Wood waste (saw dust) from ten (10) selected tropical wood species sourced from sawmills in Benin City, Nigeria were subjected to proximate analysis, ultimate analysis as well as energy content study. Results: Thermal conversion characteristics of low ash content (0.2 – 2.76%), very high volatile matter (87.51 – 90.94%), low moisture content (8.62 – 10.53%.), relatively high carbon, hydogen and oxygen contents as well as low nitrogen and sulphur contents were observed. Obtained calorific values were validated using three already existing correlations. Conclusion: Among the 10 species studied, Afzelia africana (Apa) was found to be best suited for energy generation while Triplocyton scleroxylon (Obeche) was found to be least suited.

Thermal Conversion of Mixed Wastes From Biodiesel Manufacturing for Production of Fuel Gas

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duangduen Atong ◽  
Viboon Sricharoenchaikul
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Mixed Wastes

Thermochemical conversion process has become a viable technology for managing excess waste from various industries while producing value added fuel products. In the work reported here, distribution of products (solid, liquid, and gas) by thermal conversion of wastes from biodiesel production process which are extracted physic nut and palm shell mixed with glycerol waste was carried out using a medium scale tubular reactor with feeding rate of 5 g/min. Several important operating parameters were studied including the proportion of each waste (100:0 – 70:30), reaction temperature (700 – 900°C) and air to fuel ratio (AF) 0.0 – 0.6. It was found that when the temperature increased, the quantity of solid and liquid product decreased while gas product increased. For conversion to CO2, CO, CxHy and H2, when the temperature increased, CO2 decreased while yields of CO, CH4 and H2 increased. Greater conversion to CO2, CO, H2 with AF increased from 0.0 to 0.3. Higher AF from 0.3 to 0.6 resulted in lesser CO and H2 while conversion to CO2 increased. On the other hand, CxHy decreased when AF changed from 0.0 to 0.6. The maximum heating values of gas product in this study are 3.48 MJ/m3 and 2.27 MJ/m3 for glycerol waste mixed with physic nut waste and palm shell waste, respectively (both at 30% glycerol wastes and reaction temperature of 900°C). The maximum of mole ratio of H2 to CO obtained is 0.59 for physic nut and 0.37 for palm shell mixed wastes. Relatively high CxHy, low product gas heating value and H2 to CO ratio indicated the need for further product upgrading before using as raw material for other advanced fuel production processes such as Fisher-Tropsch, DME, or methanol syntheses beside direct heat and power utilization.

Synergistic effect of mixed fungal pretreatment on thermogravimetric characteristics of rice straw

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3978-3990
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Zhinan Wang ◽  
Jin Sun ◽  
Wanjuan Chen ◽  
Xianfeng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pretreatment ◽  
Before And After

The thermogravimetric properties and chemical characterization of rice straw (RS) pretreated by mixed culture of white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium) and brown-rot fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum (G. trabeum) were investigated. The mixed fungal pretreatment showed a synergistic effect, which resulted in an energy-efficient pyrolysis of pretreated rice straw. The differences in thermochemical conversion of rice straw before and after fungal pretreatment were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis and the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) method. Furthermore, the pretreated samples were also analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to illuminate the changes in chemical composition and pyrolysis behavior. Compared to single fungal pretreatment, the mixed fungal pretreatment worked better and exhibited great potential in biomass pyrolysis.

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